Molecular mechanisms of Salmonella invasion
... entry into tissue culture cells, and prevent the secretion [16] of type III target proteins. Outer membrane proteins Three proteins may be localized in Salmonella outer membrane: InvG [53], PrgH and PrgK [71]. InvG is a member of the PulD family of proteins and is the only component identified so fa ...
... entry into tissue culture cells, and prevent the secretion [16] of type III target proteins. Outer membrane proteins Three proteins may be localized in Salmonella outer membrane: InvG [53], PrgH and PrgK [71]. InvG is a member of the PulD family of proteins and is the only component identified so fa ...
Serial endosymbiosis or singular event at the origin of eukaryotes?
... Her discussion of prebiotic chemistry is reminiscent of the MillerUrey experiment (Miller, 1953) in that she called upon a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen and methane (but trace CO2 ); and in some respects she is strikingly modern, invoking cyanide and UV radiation as substrate and driving f ...
... Her discussion of prebiotic chemistry is reminiscent of the MillerUrey experiment (Miller, 1953) in that she called upon a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen and methane (but trace CO2 ); and in some respects she is strikingly modern, invoking cyanide and UV radiation as substrate and driving f ...
The functions of the cytoskeleton and associated
... Moreover, interactions and cross-talk between MTs and AFs are involved in plant cell division (Wasteneys and Galway, 2003). In this review, we summarize the current findings on the cytoskeleton-associated proteins that mediate the cytoskeletal arrays during mitosis and cytokinesis in plant cells and ...
... Moreover, interactions and cross-talk between MTs and AFs are involved in plant cell division (Wasteneys and Galway, 2003). In this review, we summarize the current findings on the cytoskeleton-associated proteins that mediate the cytoskeletal arrays during mitosis and cytokinesis in plant cells and ...
Cell Cycle in the Fucus Zygote Parallels a Somatic Cell
... these checkpoints, and their regulation after checkpoint activation is usually correlated with changes in their phosphorylation status as well as with associations with regulatory molecules such as CDK inhibitors (Lew and Kornbluth, 1996; Rudner and Murray, 1996; Hardwick, 1998). These checkpoints a ...
... these checkpoints, and their regulation after checkpoint activation is usually correlated with changes in their phosphorylation status as well as with associations with regulatory molecules such as CDK inhibitors (Lew and Kornbluth, 1996; Rudner and Murray, 1996; Hardwick, 1998). These checkpoints a ...
OLFACTORY AND OPTIC NERVE - part 2
... SVA fibers: arise from the cells of inferior ganglion, the central processes of these cells terminate in nucleus of solitary tract, the peripheral processes supply the taste buds on posterior third of tongue GVA fibers: visceral sensation from mucosa of posterior third of tongue, pharynx, auditory t ...
... SVA fibers: arise from the cells of inferior ganglion, the central processes of these cells terminate in nucleus of solitary tract, the peripheral processes supply the taste buds on posterior third of tongue GVA fibers: visceral sensation from mucosa of posterior third of tongue, pharynx, auditory t ...
Expression of a Nondegradable Cyclin B1 Affects
... Constitutive Overexpression of Nondegradable Cyclin B1 in Transgenic N. tabacum Plants To examine the effects of nondegradable cyclin on plant growth and development, we engineered two constructs in which either the native cyclin B1;1 (pBi:CycB1myc) or the nondegradable cyclin B1;1 (pBi:DD-boxCycB1m ...
... Constitutive Overexpression of Nondegradable Cyclin B1 in Transgenic N. tabacum Plants To examine the effects of nondegradable cyclin on plant growth and development, we engineered two constructs in which either the native cyclin B1;1 (pBi:CycB1myc) or the nondegradable cyclin B1;1 (pBi:DD-boxCycB1m ...
Plastid degeneration in Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) provides
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/038158. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/038158. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. ...
THE NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION Ralph F
... visceral motor nuclei (variable in location) o Edinger-Westfall (III) – actually dorsal to oculomotor nucleus, not medial as shown o superior salivatory (VII) – slightly below and lateral to the facial nucleus o inferior salivatory (IX) – below superior salivatory nucleus o dorsal nucleus of the v ...
... visceral motor nuclei (variable in location) o Edinger-Westfall (III) – actually dorsal to oculomotor nucleus, not medial as shown o superior salivatory (VII) – slightly below and lateral to the facial nucleus o inferior salivatory (IX) – below superior salivatory nucleus o dorsal nucleus of the v ...
Stress response in yeast mRNA export factor
... export factors under stressed conditions. We found that the localization of Rat8p/Dbp5p, an essential mRNA export factor, changed in ethanol stressed cells. Rat8p is one of the DEAD box proteins and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Snay-Hodge et al., 1998; Hodge et al., 1999). As it i ...
... export factors under stressed conditions. We found that the localization of Rat8p/Dbp5p, an essential mRNA export factor, changed in ethanol stressed cells. Rat8p is one of the DEAD box proteins and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Snay-Hodge et al., 1998; Hodge et al., 1999). As it i ...
here - The Nebenführ Lab
... cells in preparation for cell division (Katsuta et al. 1990) but play little role in interphase TVS. The different overall arrangements of TVS during the cell cycle have been described in great detail (Kumagai and Hasezawa 2001, Kutsuna and Hasezawa 2002). However, TVS are remarkably dynamic structu ...
... cells in preparation for cell division (Katsuta et al. 1990) but play little role in interphase TVS. The different overall arrangements of TVS during the cell cycle have been described in great detail (Kumagai and Hasezawa 2001, Kutsuna and Hasezawa 2002). However, TVS are remarkably dynamic structu ...
Mechanisms Shaping the Membranes of Cellular Organelles
... one, whereas during fission a continuous membrane is divided into two separate ones. For example, ER tubules can fuse with an existing tubule to form a three-way junction. How the characteristic shape of an organelle is achieved and how membrane curvature is generated are still only poorly understood ...
... one, whereas during fission a continuous membrane is divided into two separate ones. For example, ER tubules can fuse with an existing tubule to form a three-way junction. How the characteristic shape of an organelle is achieved and how membrane curvature is generated are still only poorly understood ...
Microbial Cell Structure and Function
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Hitting the Sweet Spot-Glycans as Targets of Fungal Defense
... highly basic and cysteine-stabilized defensin-like proteins, AntiFungal Protein (AFP) from Aspergillus giganteus [23], Penicillium Antifungal Protein (PAF) from Penicillium chrysogenum [24], Bubble Protein (BP) from Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx and their homologs in other ascomycetes [25]. Def ...
... highly basic and cysteine-stabilized defensin-like proteins, AntiFungal Protein (AFP) from Aspergillus giganteus [23], Penicillium Antifungal Protein (PAF) from Penicillium chrysogenum [24], Bubble Protein (BP) from Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx and their homologs in other ascomycetes [25]. Def ...
A Simple 1-D Physical Model for the Crawling Nematode Sperm Cell
... Nematode sperm cells crawl, rather than swim, like most other sperm cells. The crawling cells, moving at tenths of microns per second, are tens of microns long and wide and a few microns high; see Fig. 1. In these cells, which appear to be dedicated solely to migration, the locomotion machinery has ...
... Nematode sperm cells crawl, rather than swim, like most other sperm cells. The crawling cells, moving at tenths of microns per second, are tens of microns long and wide and a few microns high; see Fig. 1. In these cells, which appear to be dedicated solely to migration, the locomotion machinery has ...
Chapter 05 Membranes
... Originally, it was believed that because of its fluidity, the plasma membrane was uniform, with lipids and proteins free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane. However, in the last decade evidence has accumulated suggesting the plasma membrane is not homogeneous and contains microdomains w ...
... Originally, it was believed that because of its fluidity, the plasma membrane was uniform, with lipids and proteins free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane. However, in the last decade evidence has accumulated suggesting the plasma membrane is not homogeneous and contains microdomains w ...
Article
... predict different topologies, and many algorithms fail to account for cotranslational processing events or the effects of post‑translational modifications on protein topology.9 Translation in a cell‑free system containing microsomes or semipermeabilized cells can provide empirical data about membran ...
... predict different topologies, and many algorithms fail to account for cotranslational processing events or the effects of post‑translational modifications on protein topology.9 Translation in a cell‑free system containing microsomes or semipermeabilized cells can provide empirical data about membran ...
The Sad1-UNC-84 homology domain in Mps3 interacts with Mps2 to
... of its structure and function at a molecular level are only beginning to emerge. Four proteins are found at the half-bridge: Cdc31, Kar1, Mps3, and Sfi1. Kar1 and Mps3 are integral membrane proteins that localize to the cytoplasmic and nuclear sides of the half-bridge, respectively (Spang et al., 19 ...
... of its structure and function at a molecular level are only beginning to emerge. Four proteins are found at the half-bridge: Cdc31, Kar1, Mps3, and Sfi1. Kar1 and Mps3 are integral membrane proteins that localize to the cytoplasmic and nuclear sides of the half-bridge, respectively (Spang et al., 19 ...
Actin microfilaments in fungi
... et al. 1997). ABPs associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane are thought to mediate interaction between the mitochondria and actin cables (Boldogh et al. 1998). There have been suggestions that the force powering mitochondrial movement arises from Arp2/3 complex mediated actin nucleation and ...
... et al. 1997). ABPs associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane are thought to mediate interaction between the mitochondria and actin cables (Boldogh et al. 1998). There have been suggestions that the force powering mitochondrial movement arises from Arp2/3 complex mediated actin nucleation and ...
(pdf-file 1,2 Mb)
... electrostatic repulsion. Subsequent removal of the phosphate group from Rps3 might then allow it to form a more stable association with the rRNA. The significance of the structural reorganization of the pre-40S particle remains to be determined, but a protruding, rigid beak might hinder passage thro ...
... electrostatic repulsion. Subsequent removal of the phosphate group from Rps3 might then allow it to form a more stable association with the rRNA. The significance of the structural reorganization of the pre-40S particle remains to be determined, but a protruding, rigid beak might hinder passage thro ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... genotyping to be homozygous for their respective T-DNA insertions. No full-length EXO84b transcript was detected in either of the lines by RT-PCR (Figure 2C). The phenotypic defect of the exo84b-2 homozygous plants was more severe than that of exo84b-1 homozygotes; we speculated that the exo84b-1 al ...
... genotyping to be homozygous for their respective T-DNA insertions. No full-length EXO84b transcript was detected in either of the lines by RT-PCR (Figure 2C). The phenotypic defect of the exo84b-2 homozygous plants was more severe than that of exo84b-1 homozygotes; we speculated that the exo84b-1 al ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.