cells
... • A large cell cannot move material in & out fast enough to support life • How to get bigger?? Become multicellular! ...
... • A large cell cannot move material in & out fast enough to support life • How to get bigger?? Become multicellular! ...
dependency relations between events in mitosis in
... assembly, and used by Hartwell and colleagues to investigate the early stages of the Saccharomyces cell cycle (reviewed by Hartwell, 1978; and discussed in detail by Pringle, 1978). Third, it is sometimes possible to determine the dependency relation between two gene-controlled events, provided the ...
... assembly, and used by Hartwell and colleagues to investigate the early stages of the Saccharomyces cell cycle (reviewed by Hartwell, 1978; and discussed in detail by Pringle, 1978). Third, it is sometimes possible to determine the dependency relation between two gene-controlled events, provided the ...
Precursor of human adenovirus core polypeptide Mu targets the
... Fig. 1. Identification of regions of Mu protein involved in nuclear and nucleolar targeting. (A) Schematic showing the regions of preMu protein fused to EGFP. On the left, each protein is identified by the amino acids from the full-length preMu protein sequence, expressed N-terminal to the EGFP sequ ...
... Fig. 1. Identification of regions of Mu protein involved in nuclear and nucleolar targeting. (A) Schematic showing the regions of preMu protein fused to EGFP. On the left, each protein is identified by the amino acids from the full-length preMu protein sequence, expressed N-terminal to the EGFP sequ ...
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis
... Male germ line development in flowering plants is initiated with the formation of the generative cell that is the progenitor of the two sperm cells. While structural features of the generative cell are well documented, genetic programs required for generative cell cycle progression are unknown. We d ...
... Male germ line development in flowering plants is initiated with the formation of the generative cell that is the progenitor of the two sperm cells. While structural features of the generative cell are well documented, genetic programs required for generative cell cycle progression are unknown. We d ...
The cerebellum. A
... of the bag is filled with white matter made up of efferent fibers that leave the nucleus through the opening to form a large part of the superior cerebellar peduncle The emboliform nucleus is ovoid and is situated medial to the dentate nucleus, partially covering its hilus The globose nucleus consis ...
... of the bag is filled with white matter made up of efferent fibers that leave the nucleus through the opening to form a large part of the superior cerebellar peduncle The emboliform nucleus is ovoid and is situated medial to the dentate nucleus, partially covering its hilus The globose nucleus consis ...
Transport Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus
... and eventually vesicle budding. After this, the protein coat must be released in order for the vesicle to fuse with the target membrane (in this case the Golgi apparatus). This step is induced by the hydrolysis of GTP by Sar1p, causing a conformational change that allows Sar1p to dissociate from the ...
... and eventually vesicle budding. After this, the protein coat must be released in order for the vesicle to fuse with the target membrane (in this case the Golgi apparatus). This step is induced by the hydrolysis of GTP by Sar1p, causing a conformational change that allows Sar1p to dissociate from the ...
Dynamin and the Actin Cytoskeleton Cooperatively Regulate
... (A) Negative staining electron microscopy. Upper panels: Liposomes were incubated with recombinant F-BAR-containing proteins or their isolated F-BAR domains. Lower panels: Liposomes were incubated either with FBP17 or with dynamin alone, or with both proteins together, as indicated. The presence of ...
... (A) Negative staining electron microscopy. Upper panels: Liposomes were incubated with recombinant F-BAR-containing proteins or their isolated F-BAR domains. Lower panels: Liposomes were incubated either with FBP17 or with dynamin alone, or with both proteins together, as indicated. The presence of ...
Analysis of relative risk factors for diabetic nephropathy/XU
... IκBα was modified by SUMO1 and it’s the acted site of ubiquitin. IκBα modified by SUMO1 cannot be polyubiquitinated, therefore it can’t be degraded by proteases. The action is forming nuclear factor (NF)-κB—IκBα—SUMO1 complex that can inhibit signal transduction. Expression of SUMO1 can strongly inh ...
... IκBα was modified by SUMO1 and it’s the acted site of ubiquitin. IκBα modified by SUMO1 cannot be polyubiquitinated, therefore it can’t be degraded by proteases. The action is forming nuclear factor (NF)-κB—IκBα—SUMO1 complex that can inhibit signal transduction. Expression of SUMO1 can strongly inh ...
Ch 17 HW - WordPress.com
... from the premRNA by a splicing process that is catalyzed by snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) complexed with proteins. The product of RNA processing, mRNA (messenger RNA), exits the nucleus. Outside the nucleus, the mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis on the ribosomes, which consist of cataly ...
... from the premRNA by a splicing process that is catalyzed by snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) complexed with proteins. The product of RNA processing, mRNA (messenger RNA), exits the nucleus. Outside the nucleus, the mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis on the ribosomes, which consist of cataly ...
Non-protein-coding RNA
... Cell growth and proliferation are processes in the cell that must be tightly regulated. Transcription of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal biogenesis are directly linked to cell growth and proliferation, since the ribosomal RNA encodes for the majority of transcription in a cell and ribosomal biogenesis i ...
... Cell growth and proliferation are processes in the cell that must be tightly regulated. Transcription of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal biogenesis are directly linked to cell growth and proliferation, since the ribosomal RNA encodes for the majority of transcription in a cell and ribosomal biogenesis i ...
Cell division and leaf morphogenesis - Development
... Mironov et al., 1999). One conclusion from this work has been that although the plant cell cycle shows many similarities with that found in other eukaryotes, differences are also apparent. In particular, genome sequencing strategies have revealed a plethora of genes encoding putative components of t ...
... Mironov et al., 1999). One conclusion from this work has been that although the plant cell cycle shows many similarities with that found in other eukaryotes, differences are also apparent. In particular, genome sequencing strategies have revealed a plethora of genes encoding putative components of t ...
Arabidopsis CSLD5 Functions in Cell Plate
... csld3 csld5 (csld3/5) mutants may be primarily due to the cytokinesis defects associated with loss of csld function. These results suggest that the stomatal lineage provides a sensitized background in which to uncover CSLD5 activity at a cellular level but that CSLD5 activity may be required in all ...
... csld3 csld5 (csld3/5) mutants may be primarily due to the cytokinesis defects associated with loss of csld function. These results suggest that the stomatal lineage provides a sensitized background in which to uncover CSLD5 activity at a cellular level but that CSLD5 activity may be required in all ...
mTORC1 regulates the efficiency and cellular capacity for protein
... activity. Many agents which activate protein synthesis, such as growth hormone, insulin (in many cell types) or hypertrophic agents in cardiomyocytes, induce the rapid (15–30 min) dephosphorylation of eEF2 [8–10]. They also cause the inactivation of eEF2K and, in almost all cases, this effect, and t ...
... activity. Many agents which activate protein synthesis, such as growth hormone, insulin (in many cell types) or hypertrophic agents in cardiomyocytes, induce the rapid (15–30 min) dephosphorylation of eEF2 [8–10]. They also cause the inactivation of eEF2K and, in almost all cases, this effect, and t ...
Functional diversification of centrins and cell morphological
... PtCenBP1p has previously been characterised as an essential component of the ICL forming the backbone of the network (Gogendeau et al., 2007). The new PtCenBP3 subfamily identified by the proteomic analysis comprises two proteins, PtCenBP2p and PtCenBP3p, which are paralogues of the most recent whol ...
... PtCenBP1p has previously been characterised as an essential component of the ICL forming the backbone of the network (Gogendeau et al., 2007). The new PtCenBP3 subfamily identified by the proteomic analysis comprises two proteins, PtCenBP2p and PtCenBP3p, which are paralogues of the most recent whol ...
The SMN Complex Is Associated with snRNPs throughout Their
... quality of the cellular fractionation was monitored by the presence in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the nuclear-restricted hnRNP C protein (compare Fig. 1B and C). The immunoprecipitated proteins were then analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The snRNA export factor PHAX is the earlies ...
... quality of the cellular fractionation was monitored by the presence in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the nuclear-restricted hnRNP C protein (compare Fig. 1B and C). The immunoprecipitated proteins were then analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The snRNA export factor PHAX is the earlies ...
A Biological Overview of the Cell Cycle and its Response to Osmotic
... is highly conserved, from unicellular eukaryotes, such as yeasts, to multicellular eukaryotes [35]. Therefore, simple eukaryotes, such as fission yeast and budding yeast, serve as model organisms to understand the cell cycle control mechanisms in Metazoa including humans. To understand such a comple ...
... is highly conserved, from unicellular eukaryotes, such as yeasts, to multicellular eukaryotes [35]. Therefore, simple eukaryotes, such as fission yeast and budding yeast, serve as model organisms to understand the cell cycle control mechanisms in Metazoa including humans. To understand such a comple ...
Working paper - Complex Systems Lab
... One particular scenario where living systems develop a spatial asymmetry is provided by single cells in morphogenesis. During early morphogenesis, cells often display a spatially asymmetric distribution of some molecules which appear preferentially located in different cell poles (Alberts et al., 20 ...
... One particular scenario where living systems develop a spatial asymmetry is provided by single cells in morphogenesis. During early morphogenesis, cells often display a spatially asymmetric distribution of some molecules which appear preferentially located in different cell poles (Alberts et al., 20 ...
MES-4: an autosome-associated histone
... were raised against the C-terminal 19 amino acids+Cys, or against amino acids 530-898, then affinity purified and used at 1:100 to 1:500 dilution. Other primary antibodies used were affinity-purified rabbit anti-H3K36me2 (Tsukada et al., 2006) at 1:200, mouse monoclonal antibody H5 to RNA Pol II CTD ...
... were raised against the C-terminal 19 amino acids+Cys, or against amino acids 530-898, then affinity purified and used at 1:100 to 1:500 dilution. Other primary antibodies used were affinity-purified rabbit anti-H3K36me2 (Tsukada et al., 2006) at 1:200, mouse monoclonal antibody H5 to RNA Pol II CTD ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.