1 Cell polarity and asymmetric cell division: the C. elegans early
... PAR-5 is also involved in polarity maintenance, although its molecular targets are not known. It is plausible, however, that PAR-5 binds phosphorylated PAR-1 to exclude it from the anterior or PAR-3 to exclude it from the posterior, similar to Drosophila and mammalian cells [50–52]. LGL-1, the homol ...
... PAR-5 is also involved in polarity maintenance, although its molecular targets are not known. It is plausible, however, that PAR-5 binds phosphorylated PAR-1 to exclude it from the anterior or PAR-3 to exclude it from the posterior, similar to Drosophila and mammalian cells [50–52]. LGL-1, the homol ...
-Tubulin Plays an Essential Role in the Coordination of Mitotic Events
... 1997). MipAD159 inhibits growth almost completely at 20 – 25°C but allows near normal growth at high temperatures (Jung et al., 2001). Our experiments were carried out with germinating conidia (uninucleate asexual spores), which are arrested in G1 before germination. Incubation of conidia of the mip ...
... 1997). MipAD159 inhibits growth almost completely at 20 – 25°C but allows near normal growth at high temperatures (Jung et al., 2001). Our experiments were carried out with germinating conidia (uninucleate asexual spores), which are arrested in G1 before germination. Incubation of conidia of the mip ...
Cell Structure Tumor Microenvironment
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
Caryoneme alternative to chromosome and a new caryological
... Since the choice of the prefix caryo suggests the synonymy caryosome = chromosome, the author does not support a modern re-use or re-definition of caryosome. On the contrary the author supports a wide terminological system based on caryoneme and related compound terms. Thus, for instance, given that ...
... Since the choice of the prefix caryo suggests the synonymy caryosome = chromosome, the author does not support a modern re-use or re-definition of caryosome. On the contrary the author supports a wide terminological system based on caryoneme and related compound terms. Thus, for instance, given that ...
The tubby-like proteins - Journal of Cell Science
... humans and mice. These four genes probably comprise the entire vertebrate family because only one gene has been found in Drosophila (GenBank accession number: AE003453) and C. elegans (AF143297), which is consistent with the proposed two genome duplications that occurred during vertebrate evolution ...
... humans and mice. These four genes probably comprise the entire vertebrate family because only one gene has been found in Drosophila (GenBank accession number: AE003453) and C. elegans (AF143297), which is consistent with the proposed two genome duplications that occurred during vertebrate evolution ...
1 1 2 3 4 5 Wnt proteins can direct planar cell polarity in
... To find out whether the observed effect on PCP is specific to Wnt5a or can be mediated by other ...
... To find out whether the observed effect on PCP is specific to Wnt5a or can be mediated by other ...
Chemical–Biological Studies of Subcellular Organization in Bacteria
... Another class of putative FtsZ inhibitors that may have significant off-target effects based on their in vivo activity is the Zantrins. The Zantrins consist of a family of small molecules discovered in a screen for modulators of the GTPase activity of recombinant FtsZ.38 Five GTPase inhibitors were ide ...
... Another class of putative FtsZ inhibitors that may have significant off-target effects based on their in vivo activity is the Zantrins. The Zantrins consist of a family of small molecules discovered in a screen for modulators of the GTPase activity of recombinant FtsZ.38 Five GTPase inhibitors were ide ...
Systematic Analysis of Arabidopsis Organelles
... ordered assembly of more than one molecular function such as regulation of transcription. The cellular component term describes the macromolecular subcellular constituents of the cell such as the nucleus or the plasma membrane. With each category, terms are organized into a hierarchy where general t ...
... ordered assembly of more than one molecular function such as regulation of transcription. The cellular component term describes the macromolecular subcellular constituents of the cell such as the nucleus or the plasma membrane. With each category, terms are organized into a hierarchy where general t ...
Mechanics of the Cvtoskeleton
... Abstract This chapter summarizesevidencefor a cytoskeletalfunction in tensegral integrationon both the organismaland the cellular levels.The plant cytoskeleton consistsof two major elements,microtubulesand actin filaments.The spatial organization of these elements is highly dynamic and changes funda ...
... Abstract This chapter summarizesevidencefor a cytoskeletalfunction in tensegral integrationon both the organismaland the cellular levels.The plant cytoskeleton consistsof two major elements,microtubulesand actin filaments.The spatial organization of these elements is highly dynamic and changes funda ...
No. 25
... results obtained from detailed experiments on other mammals, it has been determined that certain areas of the cortex are related to specific functions. ...
... results obtained from detailed experiments on other mammals, it has been determined that certain areas of the cortex are related to specific functions. ...
Slide 1
... Covers the fourth ventricle, responsible for the initiation and planning of movement, cerebellar sighs are ipsilateral, midline lobe is called vermis, highly lobulated cortex is called “arbor vitae”, key cells = pyramidal, granular, and molecular ...
... Covers the fourth ventricle, responsible for the initiation and planning of movement, cerebellar sighs are ipsilateral, midline lobe is called vermis, highly lobulated cortex is called “arbor vitae”, key cells = pyramidal, granular, and molecular ...
Observing Bacteria Types
... When most people think of bacteria, they think of disease-causing organisms, like the Streptococcus bacteria, which cause strep throat. While bacteria are notorious for such diseases as tetanus, tuberculosis, and salmonella poisoning, such disease-causing species are a comparatively tiny fraction of ...
... When most people think of bacteria, they think of disease-causing organisms, like the Streptococcus bacteria, which cause strep throat. While bacteria are notorious for such diseases as tetanus, tuberculosis, and salmonella poisoning, such disease-causing species are a comparatively tiny fraction of ...
In vivo characterization of the properties of SUMO1
... SUMOylation in vivo. For example, expression of an artificial SIM peptide has been shown to decrease protein–protein interactions necessary for DNA damage repair [17]. However, most SIM peptides do not discriminate between different SUMO isoforms and bind with low affinity [17,18]. A significant adv ...
... SUMOylation in vivo. For example, expression of an artificial SIM peptide has been shown to decrease protein–protein interactions necessary for DNA damage repair [17]. However, most SIM peptides do not discriminate between different SUMO isoforms and bind with low affinity [17,18]. A significant adv ...
5 | structure and function of plasma membranes
... The mosaic characteristics of the membrane explain some but not all of its fluidity. There are two other factors that help maintain this fluid characteristic. One factor is the nature of the phospholipids themselves. In their saturated form, the fatty acids in phospholipid tails are saturated with b ...
... The mosaic characteristics of the membrane explain some but not all of its fluidity. There are two other factors that help maintain this fluid characteristic. One factor is the nature of the phospholipids themselves. In their saturated form, the fatty acids in phospholipid tails are saturated with b ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane - e-learning
... TMEM16 (Ist2 in Yeast) In S. cerevisiae, the ER apparatus forms three domains: the perinuclear ER (pER), the cortical ER (cER), and occasional strands that link them. cER appears as tubules and small cisternae apposed to the PM. The ER membrane protein Ist2 interacts with phosphoinositides (PIPs) of ...
... TMEM16 (Ist2 in Yeast) In S. cerevisiae, the ER apparatus forms three domains: the perinuclear ER (pER), the cortical ER (cER), and occasional strands that link them. cER appears as tubules and small cisternae apposed to the PM. The ER membrane protein Ist2 interacts with phosphoinositides (PIPs) of ...
association of drg1 and drg2 with ribosomes from pea, arabidopsis
... varied in abundance in different tissues. The predicted mass of DRG2 from pea and Arabidopsis is ;44.5 kDa. As will be demonstrated here, we believe that the 43- and 30-kDa bands recognized by these antibodies are specific proteolytic products of the full-length DRG2 protein. Relatively modest change ...
... varied in abundance in different tissues. The predicted mass of DRG2 from pea and Arabidopsis is ;44.5 kDa. As will be demonstrated here, we believe that the 43- and 30-kDa bands recognized by these antibodies are specific proteolytic products of the full-length DRG2 protein. Relatively modest change ...
Saito et al, 2009 - The EMBO Journal
... VII, while the PRD binds Sec23A and Sec24C and is required for TANGO1 localization at ER exit sites. Based on these findings, it has been proposed that TANGO1 facilitates the loading of Collagen VII into COPII-coated carriers at ER exit sites (Saito et al, 2009). TANGO1, itself, is not packed into t ...
... VII, while the PRD binds Sec23A and Sec24C and is required for TANGO1 localization at ER exit sites. Based on these findings, it has been proposed that TANGO1 facilitates the loading of Collagen VII into COPII-coated carriers at ER exit sites (Saito et al, 2009). TANGO1, itself, is not packed into t ...
Cyclin synthesis and degradation and the embryonic cell cycle
... required for the exit from meiosis. To address these issues, we turned to in vitro cell cycle extracts of frog eggs that were prepared by an adaptation of the method pioneered by Lohka and Masui (1983). These cell cycle extracts are capable of several cell cycles that proceed at rates similar to tho ...
... required for the exit from meiosis. To address these issues, we turned to in vitro cell cycle extracts of frog eggs that were prepared by an adaptation of the method pioneered by Lohka and Masui (1983). These cell cycle extracts are capable of several cell cycles that proceed at rates similar to tho ...
Author`s personal copy
... (MZT) in metazoan embryos involves a profound remodeling of the cell cycle: S phase length increases then G2 is introduced. Although β-catenin is the master regulator of endomesoderm patterning at MZT in all metazoans, the influence of maternal β-catenin on the cell cycle at MZT remains poorly unders ...
... (MZT) in metazoan embryos involves a profound remodeling of the cell cycle: S phase length increases then G2 is introduced. Although β-catenin is the master regulator of endomesoderm patterning at MZT in all metazoans, the influence of maternal β-catenin on the cell cycle at MZT remains poorly unders ...
Calcium Signaling and Homeostasis in Nuclei
... generate and to pattern the calcium signals. Thus the main nuclear calcium store has long been supposed to be located in the perinuclear space corresponding to the lumen between the outer and inner membranes of the NE. However, this view has recently evolved with the observation of nuclear invaginat ...
... generate and to pattern the calcium signals. Thus the main nuclear calcium store has long been supposed to be located in the perinuclear space corresponding to the lumen between the outer and inner membranes of the NE. However, this view has recently evolved with the observation of nuclear invaginat ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.