Calcium Signaling and Homeostasis in Nuclei
... generate and to pattern the calcium signals. Thus the main nuclear calcium store has long been supposed to be located in the perinuclear space corresponding to the lumen between the outer and inner membranes of the NE. However, this view has recently evolved with the observation of nuclear invaginat ...
... generate and to pattern the calcium signals. Thus the main nuclear calcium store has long been supposed to be located in the perinuclear space corresponding to the lumen between the outer and inner membranes of the NE. However, this view has recently evolved with the observation of nuclear invaginat ...
Genes Dev - The Jenny Lab
... al. 1994). Because it has recently been reported that purified recombinant CPSF 160K binds to AAUAAA containing pre-mRNA (Murthy and Manley 1995), the possibility exists that the 30-kD polypeptide may correspond to the smallest CPSF subunit. However, active CPSF preparations have been reported that ...
... al. 1994). Because it has recently been reported that purified recombinant CPSF 160K binds to AAUAAA containing pre-mRNA (Murthy and Manley 1995), the possibility exists that the 30-kD polypeptide may correspond to the smallest CPSF subunit. However, active CPSF preparations have been reported that ...
Regulation of transcription by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 14-3
... SIN4 resulted in growth at the restrictive temperature. RTG3 encodes a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor involved in the expression of CIT2 and other genes in respiratory-deficient yeast cells (retrograde signalling) [27]. The Rtg3 protein forms a heterodimer with another basic helix–loop– ...
... SIN4 resulted in growth at the restrictive temperature. RTG3 encodes a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor involved in the expression of CIT2 and other genes in respiratory-deficient yeast cells (retrograde signalling) [27]. The Rtg3 protein forms a heterodimer with another basic helix–loop– ...
Cellular Adaptation to Injury
... Necrosis vs. Apoptosis Apoptosis Chromatin condensation and fragmentation. Cytoplasmic budding. ...
... Necrosis vs. Apoptosis Apoptosis Chromatin condensation and fragmentation. Cytoplasmic budding. ...
Centromeres: An Integrated Protein/DNA Complex
... Ill is not known,but suggestsa role for structural DNA in this unique protein/DNAcomplex. CentromereDNAfrom a related species of Saccharomyes,S. uvarum, can stabilize minichromosomes in S. cerevisiae, and it contains the conserved sequenceelementsCDEI-III. It is unlikely that centromerefunction exte ...
... Ill is not known,but suggestsa role for structural DNA in this unique protein/DNAcomplex. CentromereDNAfrom a related species of Saccharomyes,S. uvarum, can stabilize minichromosomes in S. cerevisiae, and it contains the conserved sequenceelementsCDEI-III. It is unlikely that centromerefunction exte ...
Rab cascades and tethering factors in the endomembrane system
... 3.1. Regulation of endocytic transport Given the fact that Rab4 and Rab5 are both acting at a similar stage of the endocytic pathway it is likely that mechanisms exist that coordinate the interplay of both GTPases. Similar to the connection of Rabs and GEFs in the early secretory pathway, evidence h ...
... 3.1. Regulation of endocytic transport Given the fact that Rab4 and Rab5 are both acting at a similar stage of the endocytic pathway it is likely that mechanisms exist that coordinate the interplay of both GTPases. Similar to the connection of Rabs and GEFs in the early secretory pathway, evidence h ...
Amniotic membrane modulates innate immune response inhibiting
... b, and by the other hand activate the nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) favoring the production of proinflammatory cytokines (Kawai et al., 2005; Hirata et al., 2007; Kanneganti, 2010). In this context, it has been described that NFkB is an important molecule in cell activation process throughout maintaining ...
... b, and by the other hand activate the nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) favoring the production of proinflammatory cytokines (Kawai et al., 2005; Hirata et al., 2007; Kanneganti, 2010). In this context, it has been described that NFkB is an important molecule in cell activation process throughout maintaining ...
Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet
... plasmid instead of a proper nucleus. They also have many ribosomes which make proteins for the bacteria. The bacteria also have one or more pili (singular = pilus) sticking through the cell membrane. Bacteria use the pilus to trade pieces of its DNA with other bacteria during a process called conjug ...
... plasmid instead of a proper nucleus. They also have many ribosomes which make proteins for the bacteria. The bacteria also have one or more pili (singular = pilus) sticking through the cell membrane. Bacteria use the pilus to trade pieces of its DNA with other bacteria during a process called conjug ...
The Methylosome, a 20S Complex Containing JBP1 and pICln
... transferred to the SMN complex in vitro. Together with previous results, these data indicate that methylation of Sm proteins by the methylosome directs Sm proteins to the SMN complex for assembly into snRNP core particles and suggest that the methylosome can regulate snRNP assembly. ters Sm proteins ...
... transferred to the SMN complex in vitro. Together with previous results, these data indicate that methylation of Sm proteins by the methylosome directs Sm proteins to the SMN complex for assembly into snRNP core particles and suggest that the methylosome can regulate snRNP assembly. ters Sm proteins ...
Spindle pole body-anchored Kar3 drives the nucleus
... the two SPBs toward each other and thus of the entire nuclei. This process depends on the activity of the Kar3 motor protein. To explain the mechanism of force generation for nuclear congression, two different models were proposed. Both models involve direct interactions between MTs from the opposit ...
... the two SPBs toward each other and thus of the entire nuclei. This process depends on the activity of the Kar3 motor protein. To explain the mechanism of force generation for nuclear congression, two different models were proposed. Both models involve direct interactions between MTs from the opposit ...
Midbodies and phragmoplasts: analogous structures
... elegans, extensive ER structures have also been shown to be associated with the spindle [12,13]. The extent of Golgi membranes in these systems has not been explored and might predominantly be associated with the ER during this time. In mammalian tissue-culture cells, spindleassociated Golgi has bee ...
... elegans, extensive ER structures have also been shown to be associated with the spindle [12,13]. The extent of Golgi membranes in these systems has not been explored and might predominantly be associated with the ER during this time. In mammalian tissue-culture cells, spindleassociated Golgi has bee ...
SNX9 – a prelude to vesicle release - Journal of Cell Science
... SNX9 was first described in 1999 as a Src homology 3 (SH3)domain and phox homology (PX)-domain protein that interacted with the metalloproteinases ADAM9 and ADAM15, and was proposed to regulate the turnover of these enzymes (Howard et al., 1999). The sorting nexins are a rather weakly related group ...
... SNX9 was first described in 1999 as a Src homology 3 (SH3)domain and phox homology (PX)-domain protein that interacted with the metalloproteinases ADAM9 and ADAM15, and was proposed to regulate the turnover of these enzymes (Howard et al., 1999). The sorting nexins are a rather weakly related group ...
Fal1p Is an Essential DEAD-Box Protein Involved in 40S
... on the amino acid level to yeast eIF4A, the prototype of ATP-dependent RNA helicases of the DEAD-box protein family. Although clearly grouped in the eIF4A subfamily, the essential Fal1p displays a different subcellular function and localization. An HA epitope-tagged Fal1p is localized predominantly ...
... on the amino acid level to yeast eIF4A, the prototype of ATP-dependent RNA helicases of the DEAD-box protein family. Although clearly grouped in the eIF4A subfamily, the essential Fal1p displays a different subcellular function and localization. An HA epitope-tagged Fal1p is localized predominantly ...
Imaging Single-mRNA Localization and Translation in Live Neurons
... growth cones of retinal ganglion neurons lose their ability to turn away from a source of Sema3A when translation is inhibited (Campbell and Holt, 2001). Inhibition of protein translation also blocked Sema3A-induced collapse of growth cones. Zhang and Poo showed that localized synaptic potentiation ...
... growth cones of retinal ganglion neurons lose their ability to turn away from a source of Sema3A when translation is inhibited (Campbell and Holt, 2001). Inhibition of protein translation also blocked Sema3A-induced collapse of growth cones. Zhang and Poo showed that localized synaptic potentiation ...
Divergence between motoneurons: gene
... captured area for somatic and visceral MNs, respectively, assuming that we capture four slices for every somatic MN and two slices for every visceral MN and that we capture the entire 8-m section in every case. Thus, theoretically, different levels of nonneuronal contamination could lead to some of ...
... captured area for somatic and visceral MNs, respectively, assuming that we capture four slices for every somatic MN and two slices for every visceral MN and that we capture the entire 8-m section in every case. Thus, theoretically, different levels of nonneuronal contamination could lead to some of ...
Chapter 5
... 4. Cell-surface markers. Membrane sections are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum, transferred to the Golgi apparatus, and then transported to the plasma membrane. During passage, the ER adds chains of sugar molecules to the membrane proteins and lipids, converting them into glycoproteins and g ...
... 4. Cell-surface markers. Membrane sections are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum, transferred to the Golgi apparatus, and then transported to the plasma membrane. During passage, the ER adds chains of sugar molecules to the membrane proteins and lipids, converting them into glycoproteins and g ...
Who wants to be a Millionaire?
... Phone a friend • Hello, it's Chris Tarrant on Who wants to be a millionaire, this question is for €64,000. • I think it is C or D. I’m nor sure which. Take a chance on D. Back to question ...
... Phone a friend • Hello, it's Chris Tarrant on Who wants to be a millionaire, this question is for €64,000. • I think it is C or D. I’m nor sure which. Take a chance on D. Back to question ...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay - Case Western Reserve University
... Upf3 is required to trigger mRNA decay, thus providing a physical and functional link between the EJC and NMD [41!!]. An mRNA can also be recognized as aberrant through mRNP features independent of an EJC, as is the case for several mammalian genes [42]. Moreover, in yeast and Drosophila, for exampl ...
... Upf3 is required to trigger mRNA decay, thus providing a physical and functional link between the EJC and NMD [41!!]. An mRNA can also be recognized as aberrant through mRNP features independent of an EJC, as is the case for several mammalian genes [42]. Moreover, in yeast and Drosophila, for exampl ...
Lysosomal biogenesis and function is critical for necrotic cell death
... homeostasis mechanisms in necrosis. Two other major mechanisms have been implicated in cytoplasmic and subcellular organelle pH regulation; first, the sodium–hydrogen exchanger (NHX), and second, the cation transporter P-type ATPase. These mechanisms operate both on the plasma membrane and at the me ...
... homeostasis mechanisms in necrosis. Two other major mechanisms have been implicated in cytoplasmic and subcellular organelle pH regulation; first, the sodium–hydrogen exchanger (NHX), and second, the cation transporter P-type ATPase. These mechanisms operate both on the plasma membrane and at the me ...
Regulation of ISWI -family of chromatin remodelling complexes
... essential to gain knowledge on chromatin dynamics. Since their discovery, different levels of regulation of ISWI chromatin remodelling activity emerged (Erdel, Krug et al. 2011). Although the auxiliary subunits of ISWI complexes greatly contribute to the regulation of its activity, recent work has s ...
... essential to gain knowledge on chromatin dynamics. Since their discovery, different levels of regulation of ISWI chromatin remodelling activity emerged (Erdel, Krug et al. 2011). Although the auxiliary subunits of ISWI complexes greatly contribute to the regulation of its activity, recent work has s ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.