MES-4: an autosome-associated histone
... were raised against the C-terminal 19 amino acids+Cys, or against amino acids 530-898, then affinity purified and used at 1:100 to 1:500 dilution. Other primary antibodies used were affinity-purified rabbit anti-H3K36me2 (Tsukada et al., 2006) at 1:200, mouse monoclonal antibody H5 to RNA Pol II CTD ...
... were raised against the C-terminal 19 amino acids+Cys, or against amino acids 530-898, then affinity purified and used at 1:100 to 1:500 dilution. Other primary antibodies used were affinity-purified rabbit anti-H3K36me2 (Tsukada et al., 2006) at 1:200, mouse monoclonal antibody H5 to RNA Pol II CTD ...
Slide 1
... germinal vesicle chromatin assumes a distinctly fibrillar pattern of organization. (B) represents a primary growing oocyte from the mouse containing a centrally positioned germinal vesicle and illustrating the prominent actin-rich cortex and numerous transzonal projections emanating from surrounding ...
... germinal vesicle chromatin assumes a distinctly fibrillar pattern of organization. (B) represents a primary growing oocyte from the mouse containing a centrally positioned germinal vesicle and illustrating the prominent actin-rich cortex and numerous transzonal projections emanating from surrounding ...
390K
... and maintained as isolated clusters in the cytoplasm. However, these bacteria were rare as free-living organisms in the culture medium, making this hypothesis unlikely. Additionally, the FISH signal observed was very strong, which would not be the case if the target cells were being digested. It see ...
... and maintained as isolated clusters in the cytoplasm. However, these bacteria were rare as free-living organisms in the culture medium, making this hypothesis unlikely. Additionally, the FISH signal observed was very strong, which would not be the case if the target cells were being digested. It see ...
Plant Nutrition: Root Transporters on the Move
... of the secretory pathway where synthesis, folding, disulfide bond formation, and oligomerization of the proteins take place. Misfolded proteins are selected by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery and retrotranslocated into the cytosol for ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated de ...
... of the secretory pathway where synthesis, folding, disulfide bond formation, and oligomerization of the proteins take place. Misfolded proteins are selected by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery and retrotranslocated into the cytosol for ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated de ...
P1 and P2 protein heterodimer binding to the P0 protein of
... A site bound the four P proteins similarly, both the A and B binding sites efficiently bound practically any P1/P2 pair in mutant strains expressing truncated P0 proteins. The reported results support that while most ribosomes contain a P1a/P2b–P0–P1b/ P2a structure in normal conditions, the stalk a ...
... A site bound the four P proteins similarly, both the A and B binding sites efficiently bound practically any P1/P2 pair in mutant strains expressing truncated P0 proteins. The reported results support that while most ribosomes contain a P1a/P2b–P0–P1b/ P2a structure in normal conditions, the stalk a ...
Evaluating hypotheses for the origin of eukaryotes
... about the nature of the host and the number of partners involved in the origin of the eukaryote cell. Here we consider four general models (Fig. 1). These are not exhaustive, but instead aim to generalise the main features of a large number of models (see Martin et al.,(13) and Embley and Martin(3) ...
... about the nature of the host and the number of partners involved in the origin of the eukaryote cell. Here we consider four general models (Fig. 1). These are not exhaustive, but instead aim to generalise the main features of a large number of models (see Martin et al.,(13) and Embley and Martin(3) ...
Paramecium
... The paramecium cannot change its shape like the ameba because it has a thick outer membrane called the pellicle. The pellicle surrounds the cell membrane. Color the pellicle light blue. There are two types of nuclei (plural of nucleus). The large nucleus is called the macronucleus which controls cel ...
... The paramecium cannot change its shape like the ameba because it has a thick outer membrane called the pellicle. The pellicle surrounds the cell membrane. Color the pellicle light blue. There are two types of nuclei (plural of nucleus). The large nucleus is called the macronucleus which controls cel ...
Nuclear and Nucleolar Localization by the N
... relief of positive and negative supercoiling that attends high transcriptional rates associated with rDNA templating (11, 14, 32, 47). Nucleolar egress of topoIN-EGFP following treatment with transcriptional inhibitors suggests that retention of topo I within the nucleolar milieu is dependent on ong ...
... relief of positive and negative supercoiling that attends high transcriptional rates associated with rDNA templating (11, 14, 32, 47). Nucleolar egress of topoIN-EGFP following treatment with transcriptional inhibitors suggests that retention of topo I within the nucleolar milieu is dependent on ong ...
Characterization of the Distal Polyadenylation Site of the ß
... mRNAs contain an unusually long 39UTR of 5–6 kb, depending on the species, and are localized in dendrites [17,18]. Adducins are membrane skeletal proteins encoded in mammalian genomes by three closely related genes: a-, ß-, and c-adducins (Add1, Add2 and Add3, respectively). Adducins are present in ...
... mRNAs contain an unusually long 39UTR of 5–6 kb, depending on the species, and are localized in dendrites [17,18]. Adducins are membrane skeletal proteins encoded in mammalian genomes by three closely related genes: a-, ß-, and c-adducins (Add1, Add2 and Add3, respectively). Adducins are present in ...
Mechanism of translation of the bicistronic mRNA encoding human
... complementary to a specific gene or its mRNA. When targeted at mRNA or its precursor (pre-mRNA), antisense oligonucleotides hybridize and form duplexes which prevent the translation of the message into the encoded protein (Paterson et al., 1977; Izant & Weintraub, 1985; Melton, 1985; Blake et al., 1 ...
... complementary to a specific gene or its mRNA. When targeted at mRNA or its precursor (pre-mRNA), antisense oligonucleotides hybridize and form duplexes which prevent the translation of the message into the encoded protein (Paterson et al., 1977; Izant & Weintraub, 1985; Melton, 1985; Blake et al., 1 ...
Alternative splicing in human tumour viruses
... key cellular proteins. For example, SRSF1 regulates production of anti-apoptotic isoforms of the tumour suppressor BIN1 (bridging integrator 1) and stimulates synthesis of specific oncogenic isoforms of the kinases Mnk2 [MAPK (mitogenactivated protein kinase)-interacting serine/threonine kinase] and ...
... key cellular proteins. For example, SRSF1 regulates production of anti-apoptotic isoforms of the tumour suppressor BIN1 (bridging integrator 1) and stimulates synthesis of specific oncogenic isoforms of the kinases Mnk2 [MAPK (mitogenactivated protein kinase)-interacting serine/threonine kinase] and ...
Escherichia coli Evolutionary-conserved and Essential*
... family (reviewed in Ref. 1). Oxa1 was found to mediate insertion and assembly of various proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane without being absolutely essential for this process. Substrates of Oxa1 include both nuclear and mitochondrially encoded IMPs, most notably subunits of respiratory ...
... family (reviewed in Ref. 1). Oxa1 was found to mediate insertion and assembly of various proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane without being absolutely essential for this process. Substrates of Oxa1 include both nuclear and mitochondrially encoded IMPs, most notably subunits of respiratory ...
Cell cycle progression in response to oxygen levels | SpringerLink
... additional studies have shown that p27 is regulated independent of HIF1α, through transcriptional regulation of its proximal promoter [67]. Although the regulation of p27 during hypoxia is still an area of debate, it is clear that p27 plays a critical role in the cell cycle arrest observed during hy ...
... additional studies have shown that p27 is regulated independent of HIF1α, through transcriptional regulation of its proximal promoter [67]. Although the regulation of p27 during hypoxia is still an area of debate, it is clear that p27 plays a critical role in the cell cycle arrest observed during hy ...
fulltext
... The human genome consists of about 3 billion bases. Each cell contains several genes. The number of the genes, their duplication and patterns of gene expression and the fact that our bodies contain several hundred cell types make very complex biological systems. The cell has evolved many strategies ...
... The human genome consists of about 3 billion bases. Each cell contains several genes. The number of the genes, their duplication and patterns of gene expression and the fact that our bodies contain several hundred cell types make very complex biological systems. The cell has evolved many strategies ...
Switching the Cell Cycle. Kip-Related Proteins in Plant Cell
... Despite their low sequence similarity with the mammalian CKIs, plant KRP genes encode functional CKIs, as demonstrated by their ability to inhibit CDK activity. In vitro, CKI activity was proven by adding recombinant KRP to partially purified CDK complexes (Wang et al., 1997; Lui et al., 2000; Jasin ...
... Despite their low sequence similarity with the mammalian CKIs, plant KRP genes encode functional CKIs, as demonstrated by their ability to inhibit CDK activity. In vitro, CKI activity was proven by adding recombinant KRP to partially purified CDK complexes (Wang et al., 1997; Lui et al., 2000; Jasin ...
Energetics and genetics across the prokaryote
... Despite their metabolic virtuosity, living prokaryotes are barely distinguishable from 3-billion year old microfossils in their morphological appearance [18]. At a molecular level there is no obvious reason for this limitation: bacteria made a start up every avenue of complexity, but then stopped sh ...
... Despite their metabolic virtuosity, living prokaryotes are barely distinguishable from 3-billion year old microfossils in their morphological appearance [18]. At a molecular level there is no obvious reason for this limitation: bacteria made a start up every avenue of complexity, but then stopped sh ...
A new fusion hypothesis for the origin of Eukarya: better than
... exclusively restricted to Eukarya. Plancomycetes are quite large cells that divide by budding, a feature that reminds us of Eukarya (in fact, Plancomycetes were once confused with fungi, hence their name) (Fuerts, 1995). Similar to Eukarya, some PVC bacteria also lack peptidoglycan and the bacterial ...
... exclusively restricted to Eukarya. Plancomycetes are quite large cells that divide by budding, a feature that reminds us of Eukarya (in fact, Plancomycetes were once confused with fungi, hence their name) (Fuerts, 1995). Similar to Eukarya, some PVC bacteria also lack peptidoglycan and the bacterial ...
The song of lipids and proteins: dynamic lipid
... While protein complexes involved in exocytosis and endocytosis are relatively well known across eukaryotes, data on the involvement of lipid membrane components lag significantly behind, despite the obvious fact that membrane fusion processes must also involve phospholipids. This is especially true ...
... While protein complexes involved in exocytosis and endocytosis are relatively well known across eukaryotes, data on the involvement of lipid membrane components lag significantly behind, despite the obvious fact that membrane fusion processes must also involve phospholipids. This is especially true ...
impression cytologic analysis of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
... Extensive nuclear pyknosis Condensation of masses of chromatin The shrinkage of the nuclear envelope from its surrounding cytoplasm ...
... Extensive nuclear pyknosis Condensation of masses of chromatin The shrinkage of the nuclear envelope from its surrounding cytoplasm ...
The cell cycle and pluripotency
... be constitutively expressed at levels exceeding those seen in somatic cell lines. As a result, although Cdk2 expression was comparable with somatic cell lines, it was active throughout the cell cycle and displayed no cell-cycle-dependent regulation in this study. Although CDK2 activity did not oscil ...
... be constitutively expressed at levels exceeding those seen in somatic cell lines. As a result, although Cdk2 expression was comparable with somatic cell lines, it was active throughout the cell cycle and displayed no cell-cycle-dependent regulation in this study. Although CDK2 activity did not oscil ...
Assembly and function of cell surface structures of the
... of the cell volume and it contains many other proteins and glycoprotein sugar chains (Rachel et al., 2002, Nickell et al., 2003). S-layers of the Sulfolobales assume a three-fold symmetry and their threedimensional organization is structurally conserved as shown by several transmission electron micr ...
... of the cell volume and it contains many other proteins and glycoprotein sugar chains (Rachel et al., 2002, Nickell et al., 2003). S-layers of the Sulfolobales assume a three-fold symmetry and their threedimensional organization is structurally conserved as shown by several transmission electron micr ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.