the Golgi Apparatus as the central station of the
... (Rambourg y Clermont, 1990) (Fig. 2). The morphologic polarity of the Golgi apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the ...
... (Rambourg y Clermont, 1990) (Fig. 2). The morphologic polarity of the Golgi apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the ...
Diffusion of Green Fluorescent Protein in Three Cell
... clipping at the C terminus, but there is no indication that the intact GFP domain can be excised. Thus, we can be confident that all the GFP fluorescence seen in the transformant originates from the TatA-GFP fusion (19). We used qualitative FRAP to show that dispersed material diffuses freely, where ...
... clipping at the C terminus, but there is no indication that the intact GFP domain can be excised. Thus, we can be confident that all the GFP fluorescence seen in the transformant originates from the TatA-GFP fusion (19). We used qualitative FRAP to show that dispersed material diffuses freely, where ...
Review Cell Death Signalling Pathways in the
... malignancies, are associated with defects in the cell death mechanism. These defects are not only important for the growth advantage of malignant clones, but when understood can be used for specific therapeutic targeting of malignant cells while sparing normal cells. The cellular and molecular mecha ...
... malignancies, are associated with defects in the cell death mechanism. These defects are not only important for the growth advantage of malignant clones, but when understood can be used for specific therapeutic targeting of malignant cells while sparing normal cells. The cellular and molecular mecha ...
Role of hsp90 and the hsp90-binding immunophilins in signalling
... and they showed that FKBP52 selectively potentiates GRdependent reporter gene activation. The potentiation was due to an increase in GR hormone binding affinity that required both the hsp90 binding activity and the PPIase activity of FKBP52. Co-expression of FKBP51 with FKBP52 blocked the potentiati ...
... and they showed that FKBP52 selectively potentiates GRdependent reporter gene activation. The potentiation was due to an increase in GR hormone binding affinity that required both the hsp90 binding activity and the PPIase activity of FKBP52. Co-expression of FKBP51 with FKBP52 blocked the potentiati ...
Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex
... are speci®cally removed and the coding sequences joined to form mature mRNA, which is subsequently transported into the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Splicing takes place in the nucleus, via a two-step transesteri®cation mechanism, and this is catalysed by a large RNA±protein complex termed the s ...
... are speci®cally removed and the coding sequences joined to form mature mRNA, which is subsequently transported into the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Splicing takes place in the nucleus, via a two-step transesteri®cation mechanism, and this is catalysed by a large RNA±protein complex termed the s ...
Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell - CiteSeerX
... Downloaded from http://ec.asm.org/ on February 21, 2013 by PENN STATE UNIV ...
... Downloaded from http://ec.asm.org/ on February 21, 2013 by PENN STATE UNIV ...
From spores to antibiotics via the cell cycle
... occurring soon after the critical first asymmetrical division (Lewis et al., 1994). DNA sequencing had shown that the spoIIA and spoIIG loci both contained genes encoding sigma (s) factors (Fort & Piggot, 1984; Stragier et al., 1984) – subunits of RNA polymerase that specify which promoters are reco ...
... occurring soon after the critical first asymmetrical division (Lewis et al., 1994). DNA sequencing had shown that the spoIIA and spoIIG loci both contained genes encoding sigma (s) factors (Fort & Piggot, 1984; Stragier et al., 1984) – subunits of RNA polymerase that specify which promoters are reco ...
Subcellular Localization and Activity of Multidrug
... could easily ascertain the phenotypes conferred by the protein of interest, because nonexpressing cells were present alongside cells expressing the protein and exposed to identical culture conditions. The ECFP tag on each protein permitted easy identification of those cells that expressed a drug tra ...
... could easily ascertain the phenotypes conferred by the protein of interest, because nonexpressing cells were present alongside cells expressing the protein and exposed to identical culture conditions. The ECFP tag on each protein permitted easy identification of those cells that expressed a drug tra ...
Understanding the role of cholesterol in cellular biomechanics and
... detergent solubilization (reason why they were first called detergent resistant membranes or DRMs). They were also known for its interaction with GPI-anchored proteins [94,113]. Despite its packaged structure, rafts were also shown to be dynamic structures, since their components still retained some ...
... detergent solubilization (reason why they were first called detergent resistant membranes or DRMs). They were also known for its interaction with GPI-anchored proteins [94,113]. Despite its packaged structure, rafts were also shown to be dynamic structures, since their components still retained some ...
Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a
... Mitochondria and related organellesdmitosomes and hydrogenosomesdall derive from a common ancestor (reviewed in van der Giezen and Tovar, 2005). For brevity, we will refer to mitochondria throughout, but references we make to the mitochondrial ancestor will assume that we are talking about the ances ...
... Mitochondria and related organellesdmitosomes and hydrogenosomesdall derive from a common ancestor (reviewed in van der Giezen and Tovar, 2005). For brevity, we will refer to mitochondria throughout, but references we make to the mitochondrial ancestor will assume that we are talking about the ances ...
Dynamic Organization of DNA Replication in Mammalian Cell Nuclei
... within the nucleus by folding in a specific manner and by contacting the nuclear surface at specific sites (Agard and Sedat, 1983 ; Mathog et al ., 1984; Hochstrasser et al., 1986; Hochstrasser and Sedat, 1987a,b) . Often, the disposition of the nucleolus is characteristic of the cell type . In epit ...
... within the nucleus by folding in a specific manner and by contacting the nuclear surface at specific sites (Agard and Sedat, 1983 ; Mathog et al ., 1984; Hochstrasser et al., 1986; Hochstrasser and Sedat, 1987a,b) . Often, the disposition of the nucleolus is characteristic of the cell type . In epit ...
analysis of the significance of a periodic, cell size
... age, it follows directly that the average cell size in a wild type population will always be 2' larger than in small mutant populations. From equation (10) the average amount of poly(A)+mRNA in wild type cells is also 2' greater than in mutant cells at all times. Therefore, it follows directly that ...
... age, it follows directly that the average cell size in a wild type population will always be 2' larger than in small mutant populations. From equation (10) the average amount of poly(A)+mRNA in wild type cells is also 2' greater than in mutant cells at all times. Therefore, it follows directly that ...
Dynamics of PhiX174 protein E-mediated lysis of
... membrane enzymes through the E-lysis tunnel. This result also indicates that the envelope structures, including the inner membrane of E-lysed cells, are well conserved in their native structure. Bacterial ghosts obtained after E-mediated lysis may represent a new tool for studies of membrane-bound e ...
... membrane enzymes through the E-lysis tunnel. This result also indicates that the envelope structures, including the inner membrane of E-lysed cells, are well conserved in their native structure. Bacterial ghosts obtained after E-mediated lysis may represent a new tool for studies of membrane-bound e ...
PDF Full-text
... machinery of the host cell for their replication. As a pararetrovirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires multiple nuclear enzymatic activities, which are only partially understood but late activities needed for mRNA synthesis are evident. Also obvious are all enzymes that are involved in the repair o ...
... machinery of the host cell for their replication. As a pararetrovirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires multiple nuclear enzymatic activities, which are only partially understood but late activities needed for mRNA synthesis are evident. Also obvious are all enzymes that are involved in the repair o ...
OsRAN2, essential for mitosis, enhances cold tolerance in rice by
... (Haizel et al. 1997; Vernoud et al. 2003). The temperaturesensitive mutants of Pim1 were reported to enter mitosis without completing chromosomal DNA replication in Fission yeast, and overexpression of yeast Ran GTPase homolog Spi1 could suppress the pim1-46 mutant phenotype (Matsumoto & Beach 1991) ...
... (Haizel et al. 1997; Vernoud et al. 2003). The temperaturesensitive mutants of Pim1 were reported to enter mitosis without completing chromosomal DNA replication in Fission yeast, and overexpression of yeast Ran GTPase homolog Spi1 could suppress the pim1-46 mutant phenotype (Matsumoto & Beach 1991) ...
The Developmental Capacity of Nuclei taken from Intestinal
... intestine nuclei were found to have been fixed at exactly this time, and in 3 of these the chromosomes were clumped and pycnotic. In some cases the spindle also seemed abnormal. It is clear that these eggs could not have cleaved normally; the chromosomes would probably have broken up into pycnotic l ...
... intestine nuclei were found to have been fixed at exactly this time, and in 3 of these the chromosomes were clumped and pycnotic. In some cases the spindle also seemed abnormal. It is clear that these eggs could not have cleaved normally; the chromosomes would probably have broken up into pycnotic l ...
Cytoplasmic sequestration of the tumor suppressor p53 by a heat
... discovered in embryonic mouse fibroblasts, where two forms were isolated, mot-1 and mot-2, differing in two amino acids. Mot-1 was found throughout the cytoplasm, while mot-2 was detected in the perinuclear region of immortal cells. A single human homologue of mortalin (HSPA9) was identified, resultin ...
... discovered in embryonic mouse fibroblasts, where two forms were isolated, mot-1 and mot-2, differing in two amino acids. Mot-1 was found throughout the cytoplasm, while mot-2 was detected in the perinuclear region of immortal cells. A single human homologue of mortalin (HSPA9) was identified, resultin ...
PDF
... cyclins A and B during mitosis inactivates CDK1, facilitating reformation of the nuclear membrane in daughter cells subsequent to karyokinesis. Cyclins A and B re-accumulate during the G2 phase of the cell cycle to activate CDK1 in preparation for the next mitosis. However, transgenic mice expressin ...
... cyclins A and B during mitosis inactivates CDK1, facilitating reformation of the nuclear membrane in daughter cells subsequent to karyokinesis. Cyclins A and B re-accumulate during the G2 phase of the cell cycle to activate CDK1 in preparation for the next mitosis. However, transgenic mice expressin ...
Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet
... If they are found in pairs, adding the prefix diplo- to their shape forms the name. An example is diplococci (a sphere shaped bacteria that is found in pairs). If the bacteria are found in chains, the prefix strepto- is added to their shape (ex. streptococci = long chains of sphere shaped bacteria). ...
... If they are found in pairs, adding the prefix diplo- to their shape forms the name. An example is diplococci (a sphere shaped bacteria that is found in pairs). If the bacteria are found in chains, the prefix strepto- is added to their shape (ex. streptococci = long chains of sphere shaped bacteria). ...
Fig. - Journal of Cell Science
... division, and in unicellular organisms this is particularly well orchestrated. This often allows the identification of cells at various stages of cell division by morphology alone due to asymmetrical morphogenesis, which results in two identical daughter cells. For instance, in Saccharomyces cerevis ...
... division, and in unicellular organisms this is particularly well orchestrated. This often allows the identification of cells at various stages of cell division by morphology alone due to asymmetrical morphogenesis, which results in two identical daughter cells. For instance, in Saccharomyces cerevis ...
Electron Microscopy of Intermediate Filaments: Teaming up with
... IFs were definitely identified a year later as unique structural elements of approximately 10 nm diameter by the group of Howard Holtzer in skeletal muscle cells cultured from chick embryos (Ishikawa et al., 1968). These authors noticed them as unique structures at all stages of development, because ...
... IFs were definitely identified a year later as unique structural elements of approximately 10 nm diameter by the group of Howard Holtzer in skeletal muscle cells cultured from chick embryos (Ishikawa et al., 1968). These authors noticed them as unique structures at all stages of development, because ...
- CSHL Institutional Repository
... factor involved in the translocation of membrane proteins with a hydrophobic signal-anchor sequence (1, 2). Consistent with the function of a general chaperone, trigger factor and ribosomes form 1:1 complexes whereas bacterial SRP, which is required for the biogenesis of only a subset of newly synth ...
... factor involved in the translocation of membrane proteins with a hydrophobic signal-anchor sequence (1, 2). Consistent with the function of a general chaperone, trigger factor and ribosomes form 1:1 complexes whereas bacterial SRP, which is required for the biogenesis of only a subset of newly synth ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.