The Role Of The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In The Second Heart
... Outflow Tract (OFT) malformations underlie a majority of congenital heart defects (CHD) in humans and are a leading cause of childhood mortality. The OFT, which gives rise to the aorta and pulmonary artery of the heart, relies on the contribution of the Second Heart Field (SHF) progenitors in the ph ...
... Outflow Tract (OFT) malformations underlie a majority of congenital heart defects (CHD) in humans and are a leading cause of childhood mortality. The OFT, which gives rise to the aorta and pulmonary artery of the heart, relies on the contribution of the Second Heart Field (SHF) progenitors in the ph ...
Low peak bone mass and attenuated anabolic response to
... the lower bone mass in the conditionally deleted mice relative to the other genotypes (Figs 2, 3), in these studies we monitored whole-BMC rather than bone density, to assess the absolute amount of bone gained in each group. In the wild-type equivalent Cx43+/fl group, PTH treatment induced rapid and ...
... the lower bone mass in the conditionally deleted mice relative to the other genotypes (Figs 2, 3), in these studies we monitored whole-BMC rather than bone density, to assess the absolute amount of bone gained in each group. In the wild-type equivalent Cx43+/fl group, PTH treatment induced rapid and ...
Low peak bone mass and attenuated anabolic response to
... the lower bone mass in the conditionally deleted mice relative to the other genotypes (Figs 2, 3), in these studies we monitored whole-BMC rather than bone density, to assess the absolute amount of bone gained in each group. In the wild-type equivalent Cx43+/fl group, PTH treatment induced rapid and ...
... the lower bone mass in the conditionally deleted mice relative to the other genotypes (Figs 2, 3), in these studies we monitored whole-BMC rather than bone density, to assess the absolute amount of bone gained in each group. In the wild-type equivalent Cx43+/fl group, PTH treatment induced rapid and ...
Modes of anaerobic respiration catalysed by
... The bacterial class Dehalococcoidia, phylum Chloroflexi, encompasses several cultivated strains and many so far uncultivated bacteria, known from molecular detection of their 16S rRNA gene sequences in marine sediments. All cultivated representatives exclusively respire with halogenated compounds as ...
... The bacterial class Dehalococcoidia, phylum Chloroflexi, encompasses several cultivated strains and many so far uncultivated bacteria, known from molecular detection of their 16S rRNA gene sequences in marine sediments. All cultivated representatives exclusively respire with halogenated compounds as ...
Damage response of XRCC1 at sites of DNA single strand breaks is
... assay, but do not affect cell survival after treatment with MMS (Taylor et al., 2000). The phosphorylation mutant of XRCC1 affects the speed of SSBR as measured by the comet assay (Loizou et al., 2004). Therefore, SSBR contains at least two XRCC1-dependent pathways, including a rapid repair througho ...
... assay, but do not affect cell survival after treatment with MMS (Taylor et al., 2000). The phosphorylation mutant of XRCC1 affects the speed of SSBR as measured by the comet assay (Loizou et al., 2004). Therefore, SSBR contains at least two XRCC1-dependent pathways, including a rapid repair througho ...
Platelet surface glutathione reductase-like activity
... collagen.7 When GSSG (5 M) was used alone as a control for the collagen-induced aggregation studies, surprisingly, it also enhanced platelet aggregation (Figure 1). As expected, GSSG alone did not contain any GSH by the 5,5⬘-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoid) acid (DTNB) assay (not shown). When the concent ...
... collagen.7 When GSSG (5 M) was used alone as a control for the collagen-induced aggregation studies, surprisingly, it also enhanced platelet aggregation (Figure 1). As expected, GSSG alone did not contain any GSH by the 5,5⬘-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoid) acid (DTNB) assay (not shown). When the concent ...
Cyp1b1 Protein in the Mouse Eye during Development
... analyzed and matched to protein sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database using the SEQUEST search engine. For protein identification, SEQUEST score was set for 1.8, 2.2, and 3.7 for ⫹1, ⫹2, and ⫹3 charge-state peptide, respectively. Histology and Immunohistochem ...
... analyzed and matched to protein sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database using the SEQUEST search engine. For protein identification, SEQUEST score was set for 1.8, 2.2, and 3.7 for ⫹1, ⫹2, and ⫹3 charge-state peptide, respectively. Histology and Immunohistochem ...
Origins of correlated activity in an olfactory circuit
... were able to assess the fraction of ORN inputs that are shared by a pair Correlated activity during olfactory stimulation We next asked whether different types of PN pairs show correlated of PNs by measuring the fraction of synchronous EPSCs. We observed that spontaneous EPSCs virtually always occur ...
... were able to assess the fraction of ORN inputs that are shared by a pair Correlated activity during olfactory stimulation We next asked whether different types of PN pairs show correlated of PNs by measuring the fraction of synchronous EPSCs. We observed that spontaneous EPSCs virtually always occur ...
BIOLOGY Ë„ýSÅ… 10 10 iï³H
... plants and rainfull? 1) Plants release water in the form of water vapour through transpiration, which helps to form clouds. 2) When air currents bring air near to clouds, it becomes fully saturated and come down as rain. 3) So more transpiration leads more rainfall. The lumen size is bigger in vein ...
... plants and rainfull? 1) Plants release water in the form of water vapour through transpiration, which helps to form clouds. 2) When air currents bring air near to clouds, it becomes fully saturated and come down as rain. 3) So more transpiration leads more rainfall. The lumen size is bigger in vein ...
Regulation of the Function of the Human ABCG2 Multidrug
... transport, either in the control or in the cholesterol-loaded membrane vesicles. These findings suggest that cholesterol enrichment of the membranes did not alter this particular substrate interaction of the mutant ABCG2 variants. Intact Sf9 cells, which transiently express ABC transporters, are sui ...
... transport, either in the control or in the cholesterol-loaded membrane vesicles. These findings suggest that cholesterol enrichment of the membranes did not alter this particular substrate interaction of the mutant ABCG2 variants. Intact Sf9 cells, which transiently express ABC transporters, are sui ...
β-catenin controls differentiation of the retinal pigment epithelium in
... formation of the optic cup. The resulting inner layer of the optic cup develops into the neural retina and the outer layer differentiates into RPE. Both retina and RPE are specified early, prior to optic cup formation. Subsequent to RPE specification, a period of differentiation and maturation follo ...
... formation of the optic cup. The resulting inner layer of the optic cup develops into the neural retina and the outer layer differentiates into RPE. Both retina and RPE are specified early, prior to optic cup formation. Subsequent to RPE specification, a period of differentiation and maturation follo ...
FGF signaling is essential for the early events in the development of
... For the morphometric analysis at the end of 22 h incubation, PC saline- 47 embryos, BSA- 57 embryos and FGF-treated 61 embryos, which reached approximately the same stage of development (HH stage 8+-9+) were selected. Mean length of the body axis of PC saline- and BSA-treated embryos was 4.32+0.12 a ...
... For the morphometric analysis at the end of 22 h incubation, PC saline- 47 embryos, BSA- 57 embryos and FGF-treated 61 embryos, which reached approximately the same stage of development (HH stage 8+-9+) were selected. Mean length of the body axis of PC saline- and BSA-treated embryos was 4.32+0.12 a ...
The ultrastructure of a doliolid and a copepod
... evaluated by their shape, size, composition, and how intact they were checked under a dissecting microscope at 20-fold magnification. For copepods, the intact nature of the outer peritrophic membrane was an additional criterion to assess how representative they were. According to our previous light ...
... evaluated by their shape, size, composition, and how intact they were checked under a dissecting microscope at 20-fold magnification. For copepods, the intact nature of the outer peritrophic membrane was an additional criterion to assess how representative they were. According to our previous light ...
Class II Histone Deacetylases Are Directly Recruited by BCL6
... such as HIC-1 (3, 4) and APM-1 (5) have been proposed to act as tumor suppressors in different human malignancies. BCL6 regulates at least lymphocyte (6, 7), myocyte (8, 9), male germ cells (10), and possibly keratinocyte survival and/or differentiation (11). Recently, a set of BCL6 potential targe ...
... such as HIC-1 (3, 4) and APM-1 (5) have been proposed to act as tumor suppressors in different human malignancies. BCL6 regulates at least lymphocyte (6, 7), myocyte (8, 9), male germ cells (10), and possibly keratinocyte survival and/or differentiation (11). Recently, a set of BCL6 potential targe ...
Vaucheria
... nuclei are not partitioned into distinct cells. The septa remain suppressed in the vegetative condition. They appear only during the formation of reproductive organs, or when the filament is injured. Also in unicellular forms, growth consists in increase in the size of the entire cell. In Vaucheria ...
... nuclei are not partitioned into distinct cells. The septa remain suppressed in the vegetative condition. They appear only during the formation of reproductive organs, or when the filament is injured. Also in unicellular forms, growth consists in increase in the size of the entire cell. In Vaucheria ...
FOCAL ADHESION KINASE: IN COMMAND AND CONTROL OF
... ECM–integrin junctions that bring together cytoskeletal and signalling proteins during the processes of cell adhesion, spreading and migration. Early studies found that FAK could be activated by either ECM or growth factors, and that tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK was a rapid event that was associa ...
... ECM–integrin junctions that bring together cytoskeletal and signalling proteins during the processes of cell adhesion, spreading and migration. Early studies found that FAK could be activated by either ECM or growth factors, and that tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK was a rapid event that was associa ...
Separation of Bacteria, Protozoa and Carbon Nanotubes by Density
... Tetrahymena thermophila has been utilized in isolating such unicellular organisms from pellets that also contain SWCNTs and bacteria, by pelleting the sample by centrifugation and then allowing ciliates to swim out of the pellet into the supernatant wherein they are collected [13]. Although elegant, ...
... Tetrahymena thermophila has been utilized in isolating such unicellular organisms from pellets that also contain SWCNTs and bacteria, by pelleting the sample by centrifugation and then allowing ciliates to swim out of the pellet into the supernatant wherein they are collected [13]. Although elegant, ...
PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation
... nondirectional stream in the phloem along with photosynthetic assimilates, and second, slow and directional cell-to-cell polar auxin transport (PAT). While phloem transport provides a general way to deliver auxin from the sites of its synthesis (mostly in young leaves) to recipient organs, PAT distr ...
... nondirectional stream in the phloem along with photosynthetic assimilates, and second, slow and directional cell-to-cell polar auxin transport (PAT). While phloem transport provides a general way to deliver auxin from the sites of its synthesis (mostly in young leaves) to recipient organs, PAT distr ...
Serum Factors from Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
... Electron microscopy analysis revealed that PXE sera seemed to affect the early steps of elastic fiber formation probably by interfering with the formation of the microfibrillar scaffold. Indeed, 5-day-old cultures of normal skin fibroblasts cultured with normal human serum produced long and parallel ...
... Electron microscopy analysis revealed that PXE sera seemed to affect the early steps of elastic fiber formation probably by interfering with the formation of the microfibrillar scaffold. Indeed, 5-day-old cultures of normal skin fibroblasts cultured with normal human serum produced long and parallel ...
... [58]. At present, the most important deactivating cytokines are IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). IL-4 has an intermediate position, since some macrophage functions are induced by IL-4 (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression) and others are inhibited, e.g. production ...
Corneal Wound Healing after LASIK Surgery Hans E. Grossniklaus
... fibrotic reparative stromal scar develops and persists in wound regions where epithelialstromal interactions occur (ie, the LASIK flap wound margin)—presumably because chemotactic cytokines and growth factors from epithelial cells, keratocytes, and tears act locally only over short distances where t ...
... fibrotic reparative stromal scar develops and persists in wound regions where epithelialstromal interactions occur (ie, the LASIK flap wound margin)—presumably because chemotactic cytokines and growth factors from epithelial cells, keratocytes, and tears act locally only over short distances where t ...
-Tubulin Plays an Essential Role in the Coordination of Mitotic Events
... germinating conidia (uninucleate asexual spores), which are arrested in G1 before germination. Incubation of conidia of the mipAD159/nimT23 strain at 43°C allowed them to germinate and proceed through the cell cycle until they were arrested in late G2 by nimT23. They were then shifted rapidly from 4 ...
... germinating conidia (uninucleate asexual spores), which are arrested in G1 before germination. Incubation of conidia of the mipAD159/nimT23 strain at 43°C allowed them to germinate and proceed through the cell cycle until they were arrested in late G2 by nimT23. They were then shifted rapidly from 4 ...
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin Masaaki Kodama
... peaks appearing in spring and summer, respectively, consisted of Alexandrium tamarense (former Protogonyaulax tamarensis) and the third peak in autumn consisted of A. catenella (former P. catenella). In order to make clear any possible relationship between the appearance of toxic dinoflagellates and ...
... peaks appearing in spring and summer, respectively, consisted of Alexandrium tamarense (former Protogonyaulax tamarensis) and the third peak in autumn consisted of A. catenella (former P. catenella). In order to make clear any possible relationship between the appearance of toxic dinoflagellates and ...
The p57 CDKi integrates stress signals into cellcycle progression to
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
In Vitro Assays Demonstrate That Pollen Tube Organelles Use
... Studies of cytoplasmic streaming have revealed that organelle transport in plant cells is an AF-dependent process. Dynamic interactions between AFs and membranes are responsible for vesicle movement during secretion, endocytosis, mitochondrial inheritance, the maintenance of an even distribution of ...
... Studies of cytoplasmic streaming have revealed that organelle transport in plant cells is an AF-dependent process. Dynamic interactions between AFs and membranes are responsible for vesicle movement during secretion, endocytosis, mitochondrial inheritance, the maintenance of an even distribution of ...