Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein Isoforms as Markers for Vacuolar Functions
... We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its contents (see below), but assessing stages of dev ...
... We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its contents (see below), but assessing stages of dev ...
as a PDF
... We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its contents (see below), but assessing stages of dev ...
... We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its contents (see below), but assessing stages of dev ...
Wood Chemistry - Fundamentals and Application
... Native structural diversity of plant cell walls The wall composition and structure of differentiated cells in plants are diverse. Sections of plant tissues stained for lignin [69] and viewed with an inverted microscope (panel a) or with fluorescent-tagged antibodies directed against specific polysac ...
... Native structural diversity of plant cell walls The wall composition and structure of differentiated cells in plants are diverse. Sections of plant tissues stained for lignin [69] and viewed with an inverted microscope (panel a) or with fluorescent-tagged antibodies directed against specific polysac ...
Cardiac muscle
... zone called the Z line to which the thin filaments of the I band are attached. The nuclei are located peripherally, immediately under the plasma. The thickness of each fiber is uniform throughout its length and they do not branch out. ...
... zone called the Z line to which the thin filaments of the I band are attached. The nuclei are located peripherally, immediately under the plasma. The thickness of each fiber is uniform throughout its length and they do not branch out. ...
Macrophages but Not MyD88, in Bacteria
... of IFN- genes (22–31). Numerous reports have shown the involvement of TLR adapters in proapoptotic signaling in stimulated cells (17, 26, 32–37). These studies suggested that both the MyD88- as well as the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways can play roles in monocyte or macrophage signaling of apopt ...
... of IFN- genes (22–31). Numerous reports have shown the involvement of TLR adapters in proapoptotic signaling in stimulated cells (17, 26, 32–37). These studies suggested that both the MyD88- as well as the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways can play roles in monocyte or macrophage signaling of apopt ...
Full-Text PDF
... The importance of the C-terminus for the sorting machinery is stressed by the fact that the C-terminal Met of chitinase A could be replaced by a Phe or a Lys or even deleted, but not replaced by a Gly [7]. Similarly, addition of 1 or 2 Gly to the barley lectin propeptide or C-terminal addition of an ...
... The importance of the C-terminus for the sorting machinery is stressed by the fact that the C-terminal Met of chitinase A could be replaced by a Phe or a Lys or even deleted, but not replaced by a Gly [7]. Similarly, addition of 1 or 2 Gly to the barley lectin propeptide or C-terminal addition of an ...
1 The LF1 Gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Encodes
... the two flagella then grow out together to the wild-type length. The control of flagellar equality is further demonstrated in the null mutants of LF3 that have an unequal-length-flagella (Ulf) phenotype; these mutants are mostly flagella-less, but under certain growth conditions, two flagella of un ...
... the two flagella then grow out together to the wild-type length. The control of flagellar equality is further demonstrated in the null mutants of LF3 that have an unequal-length-flagella (Ulf) phenotype; these mutants are mostly flagella-less, but under certain growth conditions, two flagella of un ...
Role of Phospholipid Head Groups in Ethanol
... Alterations in phospholipid and fatty acyl residue composition in the presence of ethanol is known to be due to an adaptive response to the physiochemical interaction of ethanol with the plasma membrane (Ingram,1977, 1986). Unsaturated fatty acyl residues and ergosterol are considered to be importan ...
... Alterations in phospholipid and fatty acyl residue composition in the presence of ethanol is known to be due to an adaptive response to the physiochemical interaction of ethanol with the plasma membrane (Ingram,1977, 1986). Unsaturated fatty acyl residues and ergosterol are considered to be importan ...
Cell cycle regulation by the bacterial nucleoid
... correlation between the ability of SlmA mutants to inhibit FtsZ assembly in vitro and mediate nucleoid occlusion in vivo [26,27]. Moreover, obligate heterodimers of SlmA, in which only one subunit is capable of interacting with FtsZ, are functional for nucleoid occlusion [27], seemingly ruling out ...
... correlation between the ability of SlmA mutants to inhibit FtsZ assembly in vitro and mediate nucleoid occlusion in vivo [26,27]. Moreover, obligate heterodimers of SlmA, in which only one subunit is capable of interacting with FtsZ, are functional for nucleoid occlusion [27], seemingly ruling out ...
The role of lymphatics in renal inflammation
... vascular tree. The anatomy of the lymphatic tree in the human kidney seems to be very similar to what was described in the above-mentioned animal studies [54, 64]. Immunohistochemistry for podoplanin in well-preserved human kidneys demonstrated lymphatic vessels in the midcortex and along interlobul ...
... vascular tree. The anatomy of the lymphatic tree in the human kidney seems to be very similar to what was described in the above-mentioned animal studies [54, 64]. Immunohistochemistry for podoplanin in well-preserved human kidneys demonstrated lymphatic vessels in the midcortex and along interlobul ...
The Biology of Cancer Metastasis: Historical
... result in divergent expression patterns between primary tumors and metastases, secondary to the masking of metastatic signatures in the primary tumor, by persisting nonmetastatic clones (8). However, studies of clonal cell lines derived from late-stage human carcinomas (9) have provided direct evide ...
... result in divergent expression patterns between primary tumors and metastases, secondary to the masking of metastatic signatures in the primary tumor, by persisting nonmetastatic clones (8). However, studies of clonal cell lines derived from late-stage human carcinomas (9) have provided direct evide ...
Mycobacterial hypersensitivity pneumonitis + requires TLR9–MyD88 in lung CD11b + cells
... shown). The BAL fluid of wild-type mice exposed to M. avium HP strain showed T-helper (Th)1-skewed cytokine responses with high levels of IL-12p40, TNF-a, and IFN-c, but not IL-4; these cytokine responses were compatible with those reported previously in clinical HP patients (M. avium HP versus non- ...
... shown). The BAL fluid of wild-type mice exposed to M. avium HP strain showed T-helper (Th)1-skewed cytokine responses with high levels of IL-12p40, TNF-a, and IFN-c, but not IL-4; these cytokine responses were compatible with those reported previously in clinical HP patients (M. avium HP versus non- ...
Neural control of the immune system
... The source of this ACh has not been extensively studied. Pioneering work by Kawashima and colleagues (20, 21, 48) showed that some lymphocytes, including T cells, express the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and are capable of ACh biosynthesis. We discovered that electrical VNS fails to inhib ...
... The source of this ACh has not been extensively studied. Pioneering work by Kawashima and colleagues (20, 21, 48) showed that some lymphocytes, including T cells, express the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and are capable of ACh biosynthesis. We discovered that electrical VNS fails to inhib ...
Microbiology with basis immunology_1
... A. A bacterium is a one-cell organism that has a distinct nucleus. B. A bacterium is a multicellar organism that does not have a distinct nucleus. C. A bacterium is a multicellar organism that has a distinct nucleus D. All anwers are true E. A bacterium is a one-cell organism that does not have a di ...
... A. A bacterium is a one-cell organism that has a distinct nucleus. B. A bacterium is a multicellar organism that does not have a distinct nucleus. C. A bacterium is a multicellar organism that has a distinct nucleus D. All anwers are true E. A bacterium is a one-cell organism that does not have a di ...
Fighting Viral Infections and Virus
... conditions, including viral infections [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)], autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis), and malignancies (B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia) (5–9, 2 ...
... conditions, including viral infections [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)], autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis), and malignancies (B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia) (5–9, 2 ...
Spherical particles of halophilic archaea correlate with exposure to
... material in evaporites of great geological age. Survival of cells over millenia of years in dry sediments or sedimentary rocks on Earth would have important implications for the search for life on other planets, where sediment-like structures exist (Squyres & Knoll, 2005). Plausible mechanisms for t ...
... material in evaporites of great geological age. Survival of cells over millenia of years in dry sediments or sedimentary rocks on Earth would have important implications for the search for life on other planets, where sediment-like structures exist (Squyres & Knoll, 2005). Plausible mechanisms for t ...
TOR SIGNALLING IN BUGS, BRAIN AND BRAWN
... homology to lipid kinases, but evidence supports a role for TOR as a serine/threonine protein kinase19–21. TOR has several known or putative protein–protein interaction domains (FIG.1). The amino-terminal region contains ~20 tandem HEAT REPEATS22. An internal region of TOR contains a so-called FAT D ...
... homology to lipid kinases, but evidence supports a role for TOR as a serine/threonine protein kinase19–21. TOR has several known or putative protein–protein interaction domains (FIG.1). The amino-terminal region contains ~20 tandem HEAT REPEATS22. An internal region of TOR contains a so-called FAT D ...
Multiple Functions of Kip-Related Protein5
... leaf. These defects are attributable to a decrease in cell proliferation as evidenced by reduced leaf cell number (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additional roles together with their function in the regulation of CDK activity. This hypothesis is supported by d ...
... leaf. These defects are attributable to a decrease in cell proliferation as evidenced by reduced leaf cell number (Wang et al., 2000; Jasinski et al., 2002). However, KRPs may well play additional roles together with their function in the regulation of CDK activity. This hypothesis is supported by d ...
Homeotic regulation of segment-specific
... resume proliferation as postembryonic NBs in the larval stages, 47 NBs are detected in each thoracic, about 12 in the two anterior abdominal neuromeres, but only six in central abdominal segments. Furthermore, postembryonic NBs in the thorax and anterior abdomen produce hundreds of daughter cells ea ...
... resume proliferation as postembryonic NBs in the larval stages, 47 NBs are detected in each thoracic, about 12 in the two anterior abdominal neuromeres, but only six in central abdominal segments. Furthermore, postembryonic NBs in the thorax and anterior abdomen produce hundreds of daughter cells ea ...
Pore-Forming Proteins and Adaptation of Living Organisms to
... wide range of these proteins isolated from various sources, from viruses to mammals, has been used for the analysis of their role in the processes of intra- and inter-species competition, defense, attack, and signaling. Here we review a large number of pore-forming proteins from the perspective of t ...
... wide range of these proteins isolated from various sources, from viruses to mammals, has been used for the analysis of their role in the processes of intra- and inter-species competition, defense, attack, and signaling. Here we review a large number of pore-forming proteins from the perspective of t ...
Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Transporters: Relevance to
... function in patients with diabetic retinopathy (Antonetti et al., 1998). Other reports have suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) have an effect on the increase in retinal barrier permeability. In the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the ...
... function in patients with diabetic retinopathy (Antonetti et al., 1998). Other reports have suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) have an effect on the increase in retinal barrier permeability. In the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the ...
Hexose transport and phosphorylation by capillaries - AJP-Cell
... Even at 25”C, 3MG uptake was nearly half-equilithe BBB (15). In isolated brain capillaries it clearly brated by 10 s. Because this was the earliest time point inhibited 3MG transport and reduced the initial uptake that could be reliably measured using the filt&ion assay, it was not possible to deter ...
... Even at 25”C, 3MG uptake was nearly half-equilithe BBB (15). In isolated brain capillaries it clearly brated by 10 s. Because this was the earliest time point inhibited 3MG transport and reduced the initial uptake that could be reliably measured using the filt&ion assay, it was not possible to deter ...
Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of early mouse development
... Figure 13: Ratio of expected and observed genotypes of ESCs........................................................ 32 Figure 14: Pluripotency markers are expressed in mutant ESCs .................................................... 33 Figure 15: mRNA profiling of mutant (KO) cells versus wild-type ...
... Figure 13: Ratio of expected and observed genotypes of ESCs........................................................ 32 Figure 14: Pluripotency markers are expressed in mutant ESCs .................................................... 33 Figure 15: mRNA profiling of mutant (KO) cells versus wild-type ...
Decay – Revision Pack (B4)
... isotope of oxygen (O18). This formed part of a water molecule. The experiment showed that the light energy is used to split up the water, rather than the carbon dioxide. The oxygen gas made was O18 while the oxygen present in glucose was normal oxygen (O16). An isotope is a different form of a certa ...
... isotope of oxygen (O18). This formed part of a water molecule. The experiment showed that the light energy is used to split up the water, rather than the carbon dioxide. The oxygen gas made was O18 while the oxygen present in glucose was normal oxygen (O16). An isotope is a different form of a certa ...