Download Microbiology with basis immunology_1

Which of the following vaccines are prepared from live microbes?
A. diphtheria vaccine
B. Solk polio vaccine.
C. Influenza vaccine
D. DPT
E. BCG and oral polio vaccines
ANSWER: E
Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins can cross the placenta?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgM
E. IgG
ANSWER: E
Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins can transfer from mother to child?
A. IgM
B. IgE
C. IgD
D. IgA
E. IgG
ANSWER: E
Choose antibody production cells:
A. T cells
B. B cells
C. T helpers
D. Macrophages
E. Plasma cells
ANSWER: E
The classic complement pathway is initiated by interaction of Cl with:
A. antigen
B. factor B
C. bacterial lipopolysaccharides
D. endotoxin
E. antigen-IgG complexes
ANSWER: E
Choose of the following T cells which assist in the functions of certain B cells and other T cells are:
A. Sensitized
B. Cytotoxic
C. Natural killer
D. T killer
E. Helper
ANSWER: E
An antigen is:
A. a hapten that combines with an antibody
B. a small molecule that attaches to cells.
C. a carbohydrate
D. a protein that combines with antibodies
E. a substance that incites an antibody respons and can combine specifically with these
antibodies.
ANSWER: E
The first, direct symptoms of anaphylaxis are associated with action of:
A. the allergen directly on smooth muscle
B. the allergen on B lymphocytes
C. lymphotoxin on mast cells
D. lgE on smooth muscle
E. allergic mediators released from mast cells and basophils
ANSWER: E
Cell wall is lacking in:
A. Actinomyces
B. Corynebacterium
C. Brucella
D. Spirocheates
E. Mycoplasma
ANSWER: E
What is serological identification?
A. Examination of morphological properties
B. Examination of reducing properties
C. Examination of biochemical properties
D. Examination of tinctorial properties
E. Examination of antigenic properties
ANSWER: E
Humoral factor of a nonspecific resistance to infection is:
A. NK cells
B. unbroken skin
C. cilia in trachea
D. all of these
E. lysozyme in saliva
ANSWER: E
What is the value of a hanging-drop preparation?
A. For study sensitivity to antibiotics
B. For examinate biochemical properties
C. For study morphology of bacteria
D. For study cultural properties of bacteria
E. For study motility of bacteria
ANSWER: E
Choose the nutrient medium for obtaining the separate colonies:
A. Meat-pepton broth
B. Sugar broth
C. Kitt-Tarozzi medium
D. Alkaline pepton water
E. Meat-pepton agar
ANSWER: E
Choose among the listed microorganisms obligate aerobes.
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum
C. Shigelladysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucellamelitensis
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcacae
ANSWER: E
Choose among these bacteria obligate anaerobes.
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcacae
C. Bacillus anthracis, Brucellamelitensis
D. Shigelladysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
E. Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulini
ANSWER: E
Spores are necessary to bacteria for:
A. Survival into human and animal’s organism
B. Reproduction
C. Defence from fagocytosis
D. Defence from acid in stomack
E. Survival in an external environment
ANSWER: E
Vaccination is synonymous with immunity.
A. natural active
B. artificial passive
C. natural passive
D. antitoxic passive
E. artificial active
ANSWER: E
Anaerobic conditions can be created with using:
A. Zoessler's method
B. Shukevich's method
C. Veinberg's method
D. Paster's method
E. Fortner's method
ANSWER: E
Specify the nutrients media on which it is possible to cultivate anaerobic microorganisms:
A. Meat - pepton agar, meat - pepton broth
B. medium Endo's and Lewin's media
C. The curtailed serum, meat- pepton gelatin
D. Blood agar, serum agar
E. Zoessler's, Kitt-Tarozzi's media
ANSWER: E
Peptolytic properties of bacteria we can study by detection in tubes:
A. Carbonic acids and waters
B. Glucose and lactoses
C. Carbonic acids and nitrogen
D. Mannitol and metanol
E. Indol and hydrogen sulphide
ANSWER: E
For obtaining separated colony of anaerobic microorganisms we use one of next nutrient media:
A. Kitt-Tarozzi's medium
B. Hiss media
C. Endo's medium
D. Ploskirev medium
E. Sugar - blood Zoessler's agar
ANSWER: E
Which of the following normal component of serum has antiviral activity?
A. complement
B. collagenase
C. lysozyme
D. lysosome
E. interferon
ANSWER: E
Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when an:
A. Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus.
B. 0 mother carries an AB fetus
C. AB mother carries an 0 fetus.
D. Two of the above are correct.
E. Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus
ANSWER: E
Cell wall of gram-positive bacteria consist of:
A. thin monolayer peptidoglycan
B. lipoproteins
C. lipopolysaccharides
D. outer membrane
E. polilayer peptidoglycan
ANSWER: E
Plasma cells are:
A. mature T cells.
B. immature macrophages
C. mature macrophages.
D. immature T cells.
E. antibody-producing cells.
ANSWER: E
Which of the following molecules would be the best antigens?
A. glucose
B. fatty acids
C. sugars
D. lipide
E. proteins
ANSWER: E
Choose among listed where peptidoglycan is major constituent of cell wall:
A. gram-negative bacteria.
B. fungi
C. protozoa
D. none of the above.
E. gram-positive bacteria.
ANSWER: E
Choose among listed where lipopolysaccharide is a major constituent of cell wall:
A. gram-positive bacteria.
B. fungi
C. protozoa
D. none of the above
E. gram-negative bacteria.
ANSWER: E
When flagella are distributedall round the bacterial cell, the arrangement is known as:
A. monotrichous
B. lophotrichous
C. amphitrichous
D. bitrichous
E. peritrichous
ANSWER: E
Endo medium is an example of:
A. transport medium.
B. enrichment medium.
C. enriched medium.
D. selective medium
E. differential medium.
ANSWER: E
Choose among listed bacteria which produce endospores:
A. Bacterium
B. Corynebacterium
C. Mycobacterium
D. Micrococcus
E. Bacillus
ANSWER: E
Bacteria whose optimal temperature for growth is 37°C are known as:
A. psychrophiles.
B. thermophiles.
C. heterophiles.
D. nitrophiles.
E. mesophiles.
ANSWER: E
The process of freeing of an article from living organisms including bacterial and fungal spores
and viruses is known as:
A. disinfection
B. antisepsis
C. asepsis
D. pasteurisation
E. sterilization
ANSWER: E
Destruction or inhibition of microorganisms in living tissues is known as:
A. sterilization
B. disinfection
C. asepsis
D. pasteurisation
E. antisepsis
ANSWER: E
Biological control used in an autoclave is:
A. Fungy
B. Ricketsia
C. E. colli
D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
E. Spores of bacillus
ANSWER: E
A positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test is a classic example of
A. an anaphylactic reaction
B. degranulation and release of mediators
C. a humoral immune response
D. an IgG-complement mediated reaction
E. a delayed hypersensitivity reaction
ANSWER: E
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by:
A. lymphocytes
B. myeloma cells.
C. spleen cells.
D. plasma cells.
E. hybridomas.
ANSWER: E
An attenuated vaccine is composed of:
A. killed microorganisms.
B. inactivated bacterial toxins.
C. purified macromolecules.
D. recombinant vectors.
E. living, weakened microorganisms.
ANSWER: E
Which of the following procedures can be used to isolate a pure culture of a bacteria from a mixture
more frequently?
A. dilution in liquid medium.
B. dilution plating
C. enrichment culture
D. sedementation method.
E. streak plating
ANSWER: E
Which of the following obtain energy from the oxidation of organic chemicals?
A. Autotroph
B. Heterotroph
C. Lithotroph
D. Phototroph
E. Chemotroph
ANSWER: E
Transformation is the genetic process by which:
A. Bacteriophage attach to bacterial cells.
B. Bacterial genes acquire mutations and variants.
C. Bacterial DNA is carried by bacteriophage between different bacteria.
D. None of the above.
E. Pieces of free DNA or free plasmids are taken up by bacterial cells.
ANSWER: E
Which antibiotics can damage cell wall ?
A. tetracyclines
B. erythromycins
C. aminoglycosides
D. Polymixins
E. Penicillins
ANSWER: E
Bacterial pili are involved in:
A. Motility
B. Resistance to heat
C. Resistance to phagocytosis
D. Endotoxic activity
E. Adherence to host cells.
ANSWER: E
Microorganisms capable of producing endospores include:
A. Escherichia species
B. Bacterium species
C. Leptospirae
D. Staphylococci
E. Clostridium species
ANSWER: E
Resistance to many antibiotics is carried on:
A. sexpili.
B. enzymes
C. chromosomes
D. Col factor plasmids.
E. R factor plasmids.
ANSWER: E
Which of the following is the most common polyhedral shape of a virus?
A. bullet-shaped
B. dodecahedral
C. helical
D. complex
E. icosahedral
ANSWER: E
All viruses have
A. RNA
B. envelopes
C. glycoprotein spikes
D. DNA
E. capsid
ANSWER: E
Which of the following will not support the growth of viruses?
A. embryonated eggs
B. continuous cell cultures
C. animals
D. primary cell cultures
E. blood agar
ANSWER: E
Viruses are spread between people in different ways, including:
A. contact with contaminated blood.
B. insects that transmit infected blood.
C. contact with contaminated saliva or mucus.
D. contact with contaminated vaginal secrets
E. all of the listed answers.
ANSWER: E
Which of the following statements about bacterial endotoxins is true?
A. They usually act at a tissue site in the host that is removed from the site of bacterial growth
B. They typically have an enzymatic (specific) type of activity
C. They can be converted into toxoids.
D. none of the above
E. They are nonantigenic.
ANSWER: E
The portion of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is responsible for the toxicity of the
molecule is
A. lipoteichoic acid
B. O polysaccharide
C. Omp A
D. N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
E. lipid A
ANSWER: E
What mechanism reproduction of bacteria is:
A. by a mitosis
B. by spore formation
C. by sexual way
D. by a disjunctive way
E. by a simple transversal division
ANSWER: E
The most commonly encountered bacteria are roughly spherical. The microbiological term
describing this shape is
A. bacillus
B. pleomorphic
C. vibrio
D. spirochete
E. coccus
ANSWER: E
Cells that do not have a membrane separating their nuclear material from their cytoplasm are called
A. heterozygous.
B. homozygous.
C. eukaryotic.
D. viruses.
E. prokaryotic
ANSWER: E
Why is a bacterium called a prokaryotic organism?
A. A bacterium is a one-cell organism that has a distinct nucleus.
B. A bacterium is a multicellar organism that does not have a distinct nucleus.
C. A bacterium is a multicellar organism that has a distinct nucleus
D. All anwers are true
E. A bacterium is a one-cell organism that does not have a distinct nucleus.
ANSWER: E
What is a plasmid?
A. Self-replicating segment of single stranded RNA
B. A bacterial chromosome
C. Bacterial inclusion
D. Part of the ribosome
E. Self-replicating segment of double stranded DNA
ANSWER: E
What is the value of a wet-mount preparation?
A. For study cultural properties of bacteria
B. For study morphology of bacteria
C. For examinate biochemical properties
D. For study sensitivity to antibiotics
E. For study motility of bacteria
ANSWER: E
What color does Mycobacterium tuberculosis have after staining by Ziehl-Neelsen technique?
A. yellow
B. blue
C. violet
D. brown
E. red
ANSWER: E
Acid fast microbes are resistante to acid because they contain in cell wall:
A. lipopolysaccharides
B. acetylglucosamine
C. diaminopimelic acid
D. polyphosphates
E. waxes, fatty acid
ANSWER: E
Temperature optimum for mesophilic bacteria is :
A. 10-15 1 C
B. 20-30 2C
C. 40-50 4C
D. 50-60 5C
E. 30-37 3С
ANSWER: E
What color do lactose-negative colony of bacteria on Ploskirev’s medium have?
A. dark blue
B. rose
C. brown
D. green
E. colorless
ANSWER: E
It is necessary to check the peptolytic properties of bacteria. What nutrient medium will you
recommend?
A. MPA
B. Endo’s medium
C. Roux’s medium
D. 1 % alkaline peptone water
E. MPB
ANSWER: E
A condition in which bacteria circulate in blood without multiplication is known as:
A. septicaemia.
B. pyaemia.
C. endotoxaemia.
D. viraemia
E. bacteraemia.
ANSWER: E
A condition in which toxin circulate in blood is known as:
A. bacteraemia.
B. septicaemia.
C. pyaemia.
D. viraemia
E. toxaemia.
ANSWER: E
T cells mature in:
A. peyers patch
B. lymph node
C. bursa of fabricius
D. bone marrow
E. thymus
ANSWER: E
Match the types of immunity after vaccination:
A. Innate
B. naturally acquired active
C. naturally acquired passive
D. artificially acquired passive
E. artificially acquired active
ANSWER: E
Match the types of immunity after recovery from disease:
A. innate
B. naturally acquired passive
C. artificially acquired active
D. artificially acquired passive
E. naturally acquired active
ANSWER: E
Match the types of immunity after administration antitoxic serum:
A. innate
B. naturally acquired active
C. naturally acquired passive
D. artificially acquired active
E. artificially acquired passive
ANSWER: E
Match the types of immunity after transfer of immunity from mother to fetus:
A. innate
B. naturally acquired active
C. artificially acquired active
D. artificially acquired passive
E. naturally acquired passive
ANSWER: E
The most important role of the prokaryotic cell wall is to
A. maintain the shape of the cell.
B. protect the cell from osmotic pressures.
C. prevent ions from diffusing away from the cell.
D. block the effects of antibiotics like penicillin.
E. protectcellfromoxygen
ANSWER: A
Which of the following materials is NOT a bacterial storage granule:
A. Sulfur
B. Glycogen
C. Phosphorous
D. Ribosomes
E. Volutin
ANSWER: D
The appearance of a group of viruses under the light micoscope within cells is termed the:
A. inclusion
B. viroid
C. colony
D. cytopathiceffect
E. plaque
ANSWER: A
The characteristic cytophatologic effect (CPE) that viruses cause in cells include:
A. vacuolation
B. necrosis
C. celllysis
D. syncytiaformation
E. alloftheabove
ANSWER: E
The function/s of a viral capsid is/are:
A. it protects the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destruction.
B. it provides binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor sites on the host
cell.
C. it serves as a vehicle of transmission from one host to another.
D. Itconsistsofproteins
E. alloftheabove.
ANSWER: E
The smallest known viruses are the:
A. Picornavirus
B. Adenovirus
C. Enterovirus
D. Orthomyxovirus
E. Paramyxovirus
ANSWER: A
Viruses are intracellular obligate parasites, which means that they cannot reproduce or express their
genes without
A. enzymes
B. a hostcell
C. anothervirus
D. acellwall
E. nutriencemedia
ANSWER: B
What is a virus that infects bacteria called?
A. Virophage
B. Bacteriophage
C. Arbovirus
D. Rhabdovirus
E. Provirus
ANSWER: B
What is always required for a successful first step in viral infection of aneucaryotic cell?
A. the presence of the correct viral polymerase
B. the presence of the correct virus receptor
C. the presence of a nucleus in the eucaryotic cell
D. thepresenceofcellularpolyribosomes
E. the presence of the correct number of viral genome segments
ANSWER: B
What is one component of all mammalian viruses?
A. theenvelope
B. thepolymerase
C. theicosahedralcapsid
D. thelipid
E. thenucleicacid
ANSWER: E
What mechanism of action of ultraviolet light against bacteria?
A. does not have any effect according to the cell
B. affect RNA molecules
C. affect DNA molecules and as a result forms thymine dimers
D. affecttheribosomes
E. affect the structure of cell wall
ANSWER: C
What signs of hemolytic activity of bacteria are present on blood MPA?
A. appearance of areas of darkening on a mat red background
B. thechangesofmediumcolor
C. appearance of bright red colonies of microbes, if they cause haemolysis
D. appearance of colorless areas surround the colonies on mat red background if the have
hemolytic activity
E. appearanceofcolorlesscolonies
ANSWER: D
When antibody titers are used in the laboratory diagnosis of viral infections, the diagnosis can be
made only if
A. the acute titer is less than 10
B. the convalescent titcr is greater than 20
C. there is a twofold rise in titer
D. there is a fourfold rise in titer
E. there is no change in titer
ANSWER: D
What component is it necessary to take for carrying out presumptive agglutination test for
examination of bacterial antigens?
A. Precipitatingserum
B. Agglutinatingserum
C. Neutralizingserum
D. Hemolyticserum
E. Rightanswerisnotpresent
ANSWER: B
For examination of saccharolytic properties of bacteria we can use such medium:
A. Veinberg’smedium
B. Zeissler’smedium
C. Giss’ media
D. Kitt-Tarozzi’smedium
E. Milk
ANSWER: C
It is necessary to verify the hemolytic properties of bacteria. What nutrient media will you
recommend?
A. simple MPA
B. simple MPB
C. Endo’smedium
D. blood MPA
E. serum MPA
ANSWER: D
It is necessary to study bacterial peptolytic properties. Indicate the proper medium:
A. Meat-peptoneagar
B. Sugar MPA
C. Coagulatedserum
D. Meat-peptonebroth
E. gelatin
ANSWER: D
Peculiarities of S-colonies of bacteria:
A. smooth, convexsurface
B. gyrosesurface
C. fibredconsistency
D. edgesarerosette-like
E. havecapsules
ANSWER: A
What is a sign of proteolytic properties of bacteria in a column gelatin?
A. Formationofdiffuseturbidity
B. Formationofpellicle
C. Dissolutionofcaseinclot
D. Formationofsediment
E. Gelatinliquefacience
ANSWER: E
What main idea of the first stage of isolation of pure cultures of aerobes?
A. Tostudytestedmaterial
B. To choose nutrient medium for inoculation
C. Toobtaintheisolatedcolonies
D. To study the morphological features of possible causative agent
E. To study the antigen features of causative agent
ANSWER: C
Some bacteria can cause generalized infection due to ability to split host tissue and spread from the
site of entry. Choose from the list invasion factors of a pathogen:
A. Endotoxins
B. Virulentenzymes
C. Adhesins
D. Exotoxins
E. Antiphagocyticfactors
ANSWER: B
A direct immunofluorescence which is used for the pathogenic microorganisms
detection(Treponemapallidum, Streptococcus pyogenes etc.) fluorescein can be binded to:
A. microorganism
B. thesheepredbloodcells
C. specific antibody against the human globulins
D. specificantibodyagainst a microorganism
E. specificantibodyagainstcomplement
ANSWER: D
A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of
A. delayed-typeallergy
B. acutecontactdermatitis
C. autoimmunity
D. eczema
E. atopy
ANSWER: A
A preliminary conclusion about the selected pure culture allows to do presumptive agglutination
test. Choose faithful assertion concerning this test:
A. used for the exposure of unknown microorganism by a specific serum
B. used only for determination of level of antibodies in the patient’s serum
C. a test is conducted in the wells of polystyrene plates
D. the account of test is conducted in 2-3 hours
E. allows to define the titre of incomplete antibodies
ANSWER: A
A subunit vaccine contains
A. antiserum
B. partsofbacterialcells
C. partsofviruses
D. parts of bacterial cells or parts of viruses
E. exotoxin
ANSWER: D
A titre of agglutination test is accepted as:
A. theleastdillutionofantigen
B. maximum dillution of serum, which resutspositivly with the specific antigen
C. minimum dillution of serum, which results positivly with an antigen
D. minimumdillutionofantibody
E. maximumdillutionofantigen
ANSWER: B
A toxoid is a(n)
A. type of antibody that combines with a toxin,
B. type of enzyme that destroys toxins
C. inactivatedtoxin.
D. type of bacterium that resists phagocytosis.
E. typeofvirus.
ANSWER: C
All immunologic tests are based on:
A. process of recognition of antigen by the receptors of macrophage
B. co-operating of antigen with dendritic cells
C. recognition of antibody by antigen’s epitopes
D. co-operating of antigen with an antibody
E. allofassertionsaretrue
ANSWER: D
Immediate hypersensitivities are mediated by
A. allergens
B. macrophages
C. humoralantibodies
D. antigens
E. T cells
ANSWER: A
The direct, immediate cause of allergic symptoms is the action of
A. the allergen directly on smooth muscle
B. theallergenon B lymphocytes
C. allergic mediators released from mast cells and basophils
D. IgEonsmoothmuscle
E. theallergenonmastcells
ANSWER: C
Laboratory diagnosis of tetanus was made in the laboratory. What method of sterilization is it
necessary to use for killing the selected cultures?
A. Autoclaving
B. Boiling
C. Tindalization
D. In the heat oven
E. Pasteurization
ANSWER: A