Detergent-Insoluble Membrane Compartment CD20 Required for Its
... or lysine, and the nonspecific protease proteinase K to treat intact Raji B cells as described in Materials and Methods. There is no trypsin digest site present in the putative loop between TM1 and TM2, and four sites in the hydrophilic region between TM3 and TM4. Therefore, the presence of an extra ...
... or lysine, and the nonspecific protease proteinase K to treat intact Raji B cells as described in Materials and Methods. There is no trypsin digest site present in the putative loop between TM1 and TM2, and four sites in the hydrophilic region between TM3 and TM4. Therefore, the presence of an extra ...
Noticing Familiar Objects in Real World Scenes: The Role of
... dB; low-pass cutoff, 8 kHz /24 dB). Single, and often multiple single, cells were isolated using a software-based time-amplitude window discriminator. In this study, only the largest single cell isolated at a particular site was included in the analysis. All analog neural data were streamed to disk ...
... dB; low-pass cutoff, 8 kHz /24 dB). Single, and often multiple single, cells were isolated using a software-based time-amplitude window discriminator. In this study, only the largest single cell isolated at a particular site was included in the analysis. All analog neural data were streamed to disk ...
Assembly and function of DNA double
... that comprises 10–15% of total cellular H2A in higher eukaryotes, on S139 (to form ␥-H2AX) [23,25]. While several of the PI3Klike kinases, including ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK, seem capable of performing this function [23,26], ATM has emerged as the master kinase for both the direct phosphorylation of H2A ...
... that comprises 10–15% of total cellular H2A in higher eukaryotes, on S139 (to form ␥-H2AX) [23,25]. While several of the PI3Klike kinases, including ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK, seem capable of performing this function [23,26], ATM has emerged as the master kinase for both the direct phosphorylation of H2A ...
Protective immune responses to the E and NS1 proteins of Murray
... studies. In contrast, adult mice are highly susceptible to intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation with neurotropic flaviviruses and develop encephalitis within 7-9 days. However, this form of virus challenge is also unsuitable for protection studies as the rapid onset of disease may preclude primary or me ...
... studies. In contrast, adult mice are highly susceptible to intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation with neurotropic flaviviruses and develop encephalitis within 7-9 days. However, this form of virus challenge is also unsuitable for protection studies as the rapid onset of disease may preclude primary or me ...
growth of the plant cell wall - Personal.psu.edu
... (Fuc) residues. Arabinoxylan consists of a (1,4)-linked β-d-xylan backbone decorated with arabinose branches. Other residues, such as glucuronic acid and ferulic acid esters (FAE), are also attached in arabinoxylans that are particularly abundant in cereal grasses. Mannans are also found in primary ...
... (Fuc) residues. Arabinoxylan consists of a (1,4)-linked β-d-xylan backbone decorated with arabinose branches. Other residues, such as glucuronic acid and ferulic acid esters (FAE), are also attached in arabinoxylans that are particularly abundant in cereal grasses. Mannans are also found in primary ...
Cell-wall carbohydrates and their modification as a resource for
... exploit this resource for the production of biofuels. As a result, cell walls are naturally resistant to breakdown by mechanical and microbial forces, which are precisely the processes needed for the cost-effective and efficient production of monosaccharides. Hence, one major objective is to make wa ...
... exploit this resource for the production of biofuels. As a result, cell walls are naturally resistant to breakdown by mechanical and microbial forces, which are precisely the processes needed for the cost-effective and efficient production of monosaccharides. Hence, one major objective is to make wa ...
Transcription factor AP-2 is tissue-specific in
... reaction with antiserum to the DNA-binding region, suggesting that binding of the antibody to KTF-1 prevented access of the DNA probe to its binding site. In the reaction with antiserum to the carboxyl-terminal region, the migration of the DNA-protein complex was obviously, and reproducibly, retarde ...
... reaction with antiserum to the DNA-binding region, suggesting that binding of the antibody to KTF-1 prevented access of the DNA probe to its binding site. In the reaction with antiserum to the carboxyl-terminal region, the migration of the DNA-protein complex was obviously, and reproducibly, retarde ...
Biofuel cells and their development - ePrints Soton
... known since the experiments of Galvani in the 1780s (Galvani, 1791), when it was discovered that current from a static electricity generator could cause a severed frog’s leg to twitch, revolutionising the understanding of the nervous system. The fuel cell has been known for almost as long, since Gro ...
... known since the experiments of Galvani in the 1780s (Galvani, 1791), when it was discovered that current from a static electricity generator could cause a severed frog’s leg to twitch, revolutionising the understanding of the nervous system. The fuel cell has been known for almost as long, since Gro ...
Biosynthesis and properties of the plant cell wall Wolf
... levels in all plant organs, whereas the other putative fucosyltransferases (AtFUT2 through AtFUT10) displayed more complex expression patterns. Most of them showed a low abundance of mRNA in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) experiments [42]. These results suggest that the put ...
... levels in all plant organs, whereas the other putative fucosyltransferases (AtFUT2 through AtFUT10) displayed more complex expression patterns. Most of them showed a low abundance of mRNA in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) experiments [42]. These results suggest that the put ...
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
... The hemiacetal or carbonyl carbon atom is called the anomeric carbon. The a and b anomers of D-glucose interconvert in aqueous solution by a process called mutarotation. Thus a solution of a-D-glucose and a solution of b-D-glucose eventually form identical equilibrium mixtures having identical optic ...
... The hemiacetal or carbonyl carbon atom is called the anomeric carbon. The a and b anomers of D-glucose interconvert in aqueous solution by a process called mutarotation. Thus a solution of a-D-glucose and a solution of b-D-glucose eventually form identical equilibrium mixtures having identical optic ...
Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems [CATCH FIGURE PUO10A
... affectionately call them “water bears” because of their short legs and slow movement. (The word tardigrade comes from Latin words that mean “slow walker.”) Other people prefer to call them “moss piglets,” because they are often found living on the moist surface of mosses. So far, 26 different specie ...
... affectionately call them “water bears” because of their short legs and slow movement. (The word tardigrade comes from Latin words that mean “slow walker.”) Other people prefer to call them “moss piglets,” because they are often found living on the moist surface of mosses. So far, 26 different specie ...
Only a subset of the binary cell fate decisions
... precluded the examination of the role of numb in the asymmetric division of the IIb cell in numb null mutants. Besides the cell-intrinsic mechanism mediated by numb, a cell-extrinsic mechanism mediated by Notch and Delta is also used for asymmetric divisions in the SOP lineage (Hartenstein and Posak ...
... precluded the examination of the role of numb in the asymmetric division of the IIb cell in numb null mutants. Besides the cell-intrinsic mechanism mediated by numb, a cell-extrinsic mechanism mediated by Notch and Delta is also used for asymmetric divisions in the SOP lineage (Hartenstein and Posak ...
Generation of the podocyte and tubular components
... to induction of glomerular fates (Naylor and Jones, 2009). Notch signaling has been found to be required for generation of glomerular and proximal tubular nephron components in several species (McLaughlin et al., 2000; McCright et al., 2001; Cheng et al., 2003; Taelman et al., 2006; Cheng et al., 20 ...
... to induction of glomerular fates (Naylor and Jones, 2009). Notch signaling has been found to be required for generation of glomerular and proximal tubular nephron components in several species (McLaughlin et al., 2000; McCright et al., 2001; Cheng et al., 2003; Taelman et al., 2006; Cheng et al., 20 ...
Effects of natural antimicrobials on bacterial cell hydrophobicity
... the supernatant with free-floating cells was removed from each well and the plate was rinsed with 150 µL of sterile distilled water three times and dried with a hair dryer at 60 °C for 10 min. To observe polystyrene microtiter wells at low-magnification (up to 2000x) we used a Jeol SEM 840A (Akishim ...
... the supernatant with free-floating cells was removed from each well and the plate was rinsed with 150 µL of sterile distilled water three times and dried with a hair dryer at 60 °C for 10 min. To observe polystyrene microtiter wells at low-magnification (up to 2000x) we used a Jeol SEM 840A (Akishim ...
- UCL Discovery
... graft of a special region of the embryo, known as Spemann’s organizer1–3 (Hensen’s node in amniotes4–9) can trigger the entire process of neural induction in all vertebrate classes, generating a fully patterned central nervous system. For a long time it was thought that a single signal, emitted from ...
... graft of a special region of the embryo, known as Spemann’s organizer1–3 (Hensen’s node in amniotes4–9) can trigger the entire process of neural induction in all vertebrate classes, generating a fully patterned central nervous system. For a long time it was thought that a single signal, emitted from ...
Glucose-Regulated Anaplerosis and Cataplerosis in
... and cytosolic fractions after rapid cell fractionation of INS-1 cells previously incubated at low and high glucose. Saponin treatment of insulinoma cells has been used before for intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis (33) and mitochondrial metabolism (34) measurements; it is an optimal system for directly ...
... and cytosolic fractions after rapid cell fractionation of INS-1 cells previously incubated at low and high glucose. Saponin treatment of insulinoma cells has been used before for intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis (33) and mitochondrial metabolism (34) measurements; it is an optimal system for directly ...
regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by
... Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors There are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), also known as GDP dissociation stimulators (GDSs), that facilitate the release of GDP from the Rho family GTPases, thereby promoting the binding of GTP (33) because the cytosolic concentration of GTP is more th ...
... Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors There are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), also known as GDP dissociation stimulators (GDSs), that facilitate the release of GDP from the Rho family GTPases, thereby promoting the binding of GTP (33) because the cytosolic concentration of GTP is more th ...
Understanding Lignification: Challenges Beyond
... of small molecules across the cell membrane may occur by at least three different mechanisms: exocytosis, transporter-mediated export, and diffusion. Golgiderived vesicles are known to be involved in exporting some other cell wall components such as hemicelluloses to cell wall (Cosgrove, 2005). Wher ...
... of small molecules across the cell membrane may occur by at least three different mechanisms: exocytosis, transporter-mediated export, and diffusion. Golgiderived vesicles are known to be involved in exporting some other cell wall components such as hemicelluloses to cell wall (Cosgrove, 2005). Wher ...
Organelle communication - Repositorio Académico
... additional experimental approaches, such as live cell confocal microscopy, subcellular fractionation and the use of geneticallyengineered chimeras have confirmed the physical proximity and the functionality of such interorganellar communication sites. Lipid biosynthesis, Ca2+ handling, and degradatio ...
... additional experimental approaches, such as live cell confocal microscopy, subcellular fractionation and the use of geneticallyengineered chimeras have confirmed the physical proximity and the functionality of such interorganellar communication sites. Lipid biosynthesis, Ca2+ handling, and degradatio ...
Mark scheme F211 Cells, Exchange and Transport June 2014
... Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of st ...
... Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of st ...
The structure and function of the Golgi apparatus
... cytokinesis ( Ueda, 1997). Images of putatively dividing Golgi stacks have been reported by Craig and Staehelin (1988). In onion root meristems, it has been reported that the number of Golgi stacks increases approximately twice during mitosis, mainly between prophase and anaphase, and that this proc ...
... cytokinesis ( Ueda, 1997). Images of putatively dividing Golgi stacks have been reported by Craig and Staehelin (1988). In onion root meristems, it has been reported that the number of Golgi stacks increases approximately twice during mitosis, mainly between prophase and anaphase, and that this proc ...
Materials - HAL
... well as cell extensions (compare Fig. 2, D with Fig. 5, A). Similarly, HA-epitope tagged PTPL1 KN1-2 localization was strongly altered compared to the wild-type protein, presenting a diffuse cytosolic staining around the nucleus (compare Fig. 2, A with Fig. 5, D). Such a mislocalization was comparab ...
... well as cell extensions (compare Fig. 2, D with Fig. 5, A). Similarly, HA-epitope tagged PTPL1 KN1-2 localization was strongly altered compared to the wild-type protein, presenting a diffuse cytosolic staining around the nucleus (compare Fig. 2, A with Fig. 5, D). Such a mislocalization was comparab ...
as a PDF
... We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its contents (see below), but assessing stages of dev ...
... We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its contents (see below), but assessing stages of dev ...
Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein Isoforms as Markers for Vacuolar Functions
... We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its contents (see below), but assessing stages of dev ...
... We wanted to learn how often vacuoles with only a single TIP occurred and, when vacuoles with more than one TIP were present, if the combinations predicted a certain function or stage of development. The function of a vacuole can be assessed from its contents (see below), but assessing stages of dev ...