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THE SCIENCE BEHIND AGERA Rx® The human skin is the largest
THE SCIENCE BEHIND AGERA Rx® The human skin is the largest

... Stimulysin™ - A family of small cationic peptides with complex amino acid sequences which possess both mammalian cell stimulatory properties as well as antimicrobial activity which destroys yeast and bacteria. These peptides and their lipid conjugates offer low toxicity with excellent antimicrobial ...
A note on the fine structure of a spirochaete By A. V. GRIMSTONE
A note on the fine structure of a spirochaete By A. V. GRIMSTONE

... their sheaths (fig. 3, D). The sheath as a whole is irregular in form and, for the most part, not closely applied to the cell-body. This, of course, might well be an artifact arising during preparation, but it suggests that the adhesion between cellbody and its sheath, if it exists at all, can hardl ...
the Golgi Apparatus as the central station of the
the Golgi Apparatus as the central station of the

... (Rambourg y Clermont, 1990) (Fig. 2). The morphologic polarity of the Golgi apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the ...
Protists - nowyoudothemath
Protists - nowyoudothemath

... Animal-like Protists (Protozoa) • Protozoans are classified by their type of locomotion, life cycle, reproduction, nutrition and whether the protist is parasitic or free-living. • All animal-like protists are heterotrophs. Similar to organisms in the animal kingdom, these protists have to be motile ...
Overexpression of yeast karyopherin Pse1p/Kap121p stimulates the
Overexpression of yeast karyopherin Pse1p/Kap121p stimulates the

... Q 1999 Blackwell Science Ltd, Molecular Microbiology, 31, 1499±1511 ...
A Review of Centriole Activity, and Wrongful Activity, during Cell
A Review of Centriole Activity, and Wrongful Activity, during Cell

... Following centriole duplication and separation into two pair, the younger pair moves around the nucleus to the opposite side. While this is occurring, the nuclear membrane begins to soften. The centrioles at the opposite sides of the nucleus then begin to pull the nucleus apart. As the nucleus is be ...
Bone physiology
Bone physiology

...  Junctional complexs (gap junctions) are often found between the osteoblasts.  The plasma membrane of the osteoblast is characteristically rich in alkaline phosphatase (used as an index of bone formation) and been shown to have rceptors for parathyroid hormone, but not for calcitonin. ...
Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues
Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues

...  Separated chromatids are called chromosomes  Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of cell  Cleavage furrow develops at end of anaphase • Telophase—fourth stage  Cell division is completed  Nuclei appear in daughter cells  Nuclear envelope and nucleoli appear  Cytoplasm is divided (cytokin ...
Truncated products of the vestigial proliferation gene
Truncated products of the vestigial proliferation gene

... disc integrating developmental cues by its two enhancers, the `boundary' and the `quadrant' enhancers. Ectopic expression of vg in all imaginal discs leads to ectopic proliferation of wing tissue.8 All vg mutants characterized so far have been considered to be hypomorph with a wing phentoype due to ...
Fibroblast activation protein is induced by
Fibroblast activation protein is induced by

Risk Reduction in Drinking Water Distribution Systems by On
Risk Reduction in Drinking Water Distribution Systems by On

... initiated in the fourth quarter of this year (Objective 6). Biofilm formation was monitored on-line using the bacterial autofluorescence which was more sensitive than tryptophan fluorescence. Preliminary results demonstrated that chlorine did not affect cell attachment, but no significant increase i ...
Document
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... • 18xx Interphase-Mitosis (Flemming) • 1951 Discovery of a distinct S-phase (Howard and Pelc) • 1970 Cell fusion experiments (Rao and Johnson) • 1971 Discovery of MPF (Masui and Markert) • 197x Yeast cdc mutants (Nurse, Hartwell etc.) • 1983 Discovery of the first cyclins (Hunt) • 1988 Cyclin B+c ...
Neurogenesis in adulthood: a possible role in
Neurogenesis in adulthood: a possible role in

... requires evidence that a progenitor cell has divided in adulthood and that its daughter cells attain a neuronal phenotype. The classical method of demonstrating cell division is that of 3H-thymidine autoradiography (Ref. a). For in vivo studies, this method involves injecting 3H-thymidine into live ...
Power tools for gene expression and clonal analysis in
Power tools for gene expression and clonal analysis in

... 18 °C but does not repress GAL4 at 29 °C or higher temperatures. Alternatively, one can use recombinases to temporally control the expression of GAL80, as we will discuss below. This threecomponent system (GAL4-UAS, transgene and GAL80) is the basis of two powerful technologies: MARCM (discussed bel ...
Circadian Regulator CLOCK Is a Histone Acetyltransferase
Circadian Regulator CLOCK Is a Histone Acetyltransferase

... the carboxy-terminal region of CLOCK displays a significant sequence homology with the carboxy-terminal domain of ACTR (Figure 1B), a domain previously described to have intrinsic HAT activity (Chen et al., 1997). In this region at least six independent amino acid regions are found to share signific ...
99 Establishing a Symbiotic Relationship Between Legume Plants
99 Establishing a Symbiotic Relationship Between Legume Plants

... strains, or even pathogens5. Having trapped the rhizobia cells, the root hair then (quite remarkably) begins to grow back into itself, forming a long narrow invagination that becomes a tubular structure composed of plant cell wall components, called an “infection thread”, in which the bacteria enter ...
1 Electrophysiology and pacemaker function of the - AJP
1 Electrophysiology and pacemaker function of the - AJP

... canine hearts the pacemaker cells are more concentrated in the proximity of the sinus node artery at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium (12, 94, 99). Studies on the cytological organization of the SAN have revealed a structure composed of a dense array of connective tissue i ...
Differential Internalization of the Prostaglandin F2α Receptor
Differential Internalization of the Prostaglandin F2α Receptor

... cloned from a sheep corpus luteum library (Pierce et al., 1997). These two isoforms are generated by alternative mRNA splicing that gives rise to differences in their intracellular carboxyl-terminal domain. Studies on these receptor isoforms have demonstrated that upon stimulation with PGF2␣ more th ...
Rab cascades and tethering factors in the endomembrane system
Rab cascades and tethering factors in the endomembrane system

... is responsible for generating stable, Rab5 positive endosomal structures. Upon membrane recruitment, Rab5 gets activated by the Rabex-5 exchange factor. Rab5-GTP is then able to interact with its effector Rabaptin5, which forms a complex with Rabex-5. Interestingly, the effector stimulates the excha ...
ATK1 is required for male meiotic spindle
ATK1 is required for male meiotic spindle

... unlike the wild type with fully grown siliques, the mutant produced many siliques of reduced size (Fig. 1A), particularly from early arising flowers (not shown). Only approximately Fig. 1. Wild-type, atk1-1 and revertant phenotypes. (A) A region of an atk1-1 plant with both mutant branch (arrow) and ...
The TNF-family cytokine TL1A drives IL-13
The TNF-family cytokine TL1A drives IL-13

... the TNF-family ligand for DR3, costimulates T-cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro.3 TL1A expression is highly regulated and requires induction by TNF- and interleukin1 (IL-1) in endothelial cells,3 and Toll-like receptor or FcR stimulation in myeloid cells.4–6 T-cell receptor (TCR ...
Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism
Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism

... have been observed in several instances of apical constriction. For example, convergent movements of myosin and other apical proteins have been observed, where these proteins coalesce into larger foci (Martin et al., 2009; Roh-Johnson et al., 2012; David et al., 2013). This flow can be visualized du ...
p.1 MicroRNA miR-144 modulates oxidative stress
p.1 MicroRNA miR-144 modulates oxidative stress

... together, these results indicated that group I patients exhibited a more severely anemic phenotype than group II patients, with lower Hb and Hct levels and a higher degree of reticulocytosis. On the other hand, these two groups did not vary significantly in terms of their gender, age, HbF p.10 ...
Apical constriction
Apical constriction

... have been observed in several instances of apical constriction. For example, convergent movements of myosin and other apical proteins have been observed, where these proteins coalesce into larger foci (Martin et al., 2009; Roh-Johnson et al., 2012; David et al., 2013). This flow can be visualized du ...
Role of Integration Host Factor in the Transcriptional Activation of
Role of Integration Host Factor in the Transcriptional Activation of

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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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