How migration occurs
... • Extracellular signal activated receptor protein activated PI-3-kinase PI(3,4,5)P3 docked Rac GEF • How Rac GEF promotes GTP loading o PI(3,4,5)P3 binding relieves interaction between PH and DH domain to stimulate activity o Loss of activity due to deletion of PH domain is restored by addition of a ...
... • Extracellular signal activated receptor protein activated PI-3-kinase PI(3,4,5)P3 docked Rac GEF • How Rac GEF promotes GTP loading o PI(3,4,5)P3 binding relieves interaction between PH and DH domain to stimulate activity o Loss of activity due to deletion of PH domain is restored by addition of a ...
AKAP MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION Jennifer J. Carlisle
... 5’ RACE procedure (37). Northern blot analysis revealed a single 8-kb mRNA transcript in humans with highest levels of expression found in heart and skeletal muscle and lowest levels in lung and brain (50). The rat and human proteins contain over 2300 amino acid residues with 79% identity and are pr ...
... 5’ RACE procedure (37). Northern blot analysis revealed a single 8-kb mRNA transcript in humans with highest levels of expression found in heart and skeletal muscle and lowest levels in lung and brain (50). The rat and human proteins contain over 2300 amino acid residues with 79% identity and are pr ...
A protein domain interaction interface database: InterPare | BMC
... the website. As the threshold gets higher the number of interface residue gets smaller. We used SCOP 1.65 as a domain definition. It contains 54,745 domains from 20,619 PDB Entries (August 2003). InterPare, at the time of this writing, contains 26,999 PDB entries (September 2004). At present, there ...
... the website. As the threshold gets higher the number of interface residue gets smaller. We used SCOP 1.65 as a domain definition. It contains 54,745 domains from 20,619 PDB Entries (August 2003). InterPare, at the time of this writing, contains 26,999 PDB entries (September 2004). At present, there ...
An Abscisic Acid-Activated and Calcium-lndependent
... ABA Activates a 48-kD Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase from Guard Cell Protoplasts in a Ca2+-lndependent Manner The routine yield of guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) from 30 leaflets of fava bean was ~5 x 106 with 99.9% purity (calculated on a cell basis by counting a sample of ~6000 cells). The purifie ...
... ABA Activates a 48-kD Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase from Guard Cell Protoplasts in a Ca2+-lndependent Manner The routine yield of guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) from 30 leaflets of fava bean was ~5 x 106 with 99.9% purity (calculated on a cell basis by counting a sample of ~6000 cells). The purifie ...
Regulatory Roles for Long ncRNA and mRNA
... of GENCODE [6]. From an ever-increasing number of functional studies it has become apparent that lncRNAs—transcripts over 200 nucleotides in size—are involved in the regulation of gene expression at many levels, ranging from changing the epigenetic state of genes to influencing mRNA stability and tr ...
... of GENCODE [6]. From an ever-increasing number of functional studies it has become apparent that lncRNAs—transcripts over 200 nucleotides in size—are involved in the regulation of gene expression at many levels, ranging from changing the epigenetic state of genes to influencing mRNA stability and tr ...
Structure and function of steroid receptor AF1 transactivation domains
... structural basis for this inhibitory activity, but since these sequences are necessary for the binding of the co-repressors NcoR (nuclear receptor co-repressor) and SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor), the mechanism is likely to be distinct from the IF activity identif ...
... structural basis for this inhibitory activity, but since these sequences are necessary for the binding of the co-repressors NcoR (nuclear receptor co-repressor) and SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor), the mechanism is likely to be distinct from the IF activity identif ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... Structural differences between cis and trans isomers Structural differences between the cis and trans Itk SH2 domain provide a basis for conformer-specific binding to the Itk SH3 domain. a, A backbone ribbon representation of the Itk cis SH2 domain with the Itk polyproline peptide (KPLPPTP shown in ...
... Structural differences between cis and trans isomers Structural differences between the cis and trans Itk SH2 domain provide a basis for conformer-specific binding to the Itk SH3 domain. a, A backbone ribbon representation of the Itk cis SH2 domain with the Itk polyproline peptide (KPLPPTP shown in ...
Altered Cell Fate in LiCI-Treated Sea Urchin Embryos
... of End016 in vegetalized embryos. Cultures were exposed to various concentrations of LiCl as detailed under Materials and Methods. Embryos were collected at 28 hr (late mesenchyme blastula, panel G), 36 hr (midgastrula stage; A, B, and C) and at 84 hr (pluteus larva stage; D, E, and F). Whole mounts ...
... of End016 in vegetalized embryos. Cultures were exposed to various concentrations of LiCl as detailed under Materials and Methods. Embryos were collected at 28 hr (late mesenchyme blastula, panel G), 36 hr (midgastrula stage; A, B, and C) and at 84 hr (pluteus larva stage; D, E, and F). Whole mounts ...
Catalysts 1
... years, it has been shown that several metal triflates such as In(OTf)3 [19], Cu(OTf)2 [4], Bi(OTf)3 [20], ZrO(OTf)2 [21], Ce(OTf)4 [22], Gd(OTf)3 [23], and Sc(OTf)3 [24–28], as well as Me3SiOTf [29,30] are excellent catalysts for efficient acetylation of various types of structurally diverse alcohol ...
... years, it has been shown that several metal triflates such as In(OTf)3 [19], Cu(OTf)2 [4], Bi(OTf)3 [20], ZrO(OTf)2 [21], Ce(OTf)4 [22], Gd(OTf)3 [23], and Sc(OTf)3 [24–28], as well as Me3SiOTf [29,30] are excellent catalysts for efficient acetylation of various types of structurally diverse alcohol ...
Dynamics of protein noise can distinguish between alternate
... degradation rate and p(t) denotes the protein count at time t. Together, Equations (1) and (2) constitute a stochastic hybrid gene-expression model in which mRNA time evolution is discrete and stochastic, while protein levels evolve continuously and deterministically. As in many studies, protein-exp ...
... degradation rate and p(t) denotes the protein count at time t. Together, Equations (1) and (2) constitute a stochastic hybrid gene-expression model in which mRNA time evolution is discrete and stochastic, while protein levels evolve continuously and deterministically. As in many studies, protein-exp ...
Brooker Chapter 12
... Analysis of eukaryotic structural genes in the late 1970s revealed that they are not always colinear with their functional mRNAs Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Analysis of eukaryotic structural genes in the late 1970s revealed that they are not always colinear with their functional mRNAs Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Role of Integration Host Factor in the Transcriptional Activation of
... (37, 48, 65). The assembly of the hook structure is, in turn, required for translation of the flagellin subunits (class IV) that comprise the filament. The temporal regulation of class III and IV flagellar gene expression is influenced by both cell cycle events and the progression of flagellar assem ...
... (37, 48, 65). The assembly of the hook structure is, in turn, required for translation of the flagellin subunits (class IV) that comprise the filament. The temporal regulation of class III and IV flagellar gene expression is influenced by both cell cycle events and the progression of flagellar assem ...
Heterogeneous chromatin mobility derived from chromatin
... Protein occupancy and poising. We investigated the distribution of proteins across chromatin states. For each protein, we applied a binary hidden Markov Model (HMM) to the raw ChIP data, determining which loci were occupied (see (34)). We then quantified the fraction of loci of a given state tha ...
... Protein occupancy and poising. We investigated the distribution of proteins across chromatin states. For each protein, we applied a binary hidden Markov Model (HMM) to the raw ChIP data, determining which loci were occupied (see (34)). We then quantified the fraction of loci of a given state tha ...
the scf ubiquitin ligase: insights into a molecular machine
... (LRR)), the domain is an arc-shaped α–β-repeat structure that is also found in many protein-binding contexts, including the extracellular-binding domain of certain surface receptors11,12. In most cases, FBLs also seem to involve substrate phosphorylation for their interaction, but this does not seem ...
... (LRR)), the domain is an arc-shaped α–β-repeat structure that is also found in many protein-binding contexts, including the extracellular-binding domain of certain surface receptors11,12. In most cases, FBLs also seem to involve substrate phosphorylation for their interaction, but this does not seem ...
- Wiley Online Library
... activity and lending further specificity of target gene expression (Zhong et al., 2002). IKKb plays an important role in mediating cell survival and proliferation. IKKb can phosphorylate and inhibit the activity of the transcription factor FOXO3a (Hu et al., 2004), a factor that inhibits proliferati ...
... activity and lending further specificity of target gene expression (Zhong et al., 2002). IKKb plays an important role in mediating cell survival and proliferation. IKKb can phosphorylate and inhibit the activity of the transcription factor FOXO3a (Hu et al., 2004), a factor that inhibits proliferati ...
Acetylation of Polysaccharides in Plant Cell Wall
... 1.3 What makes plant cell wall recalcitrant? Cell wall is complex matrix and properties of individual polymers and cross linking between them, make it resistant to enzymatic degradation during biofuel production. Cellulose microfibrils containing 500-14000 Glc units are tightly arranged to form crys ...
... 1.3 What makes plant cell wall recalcitrant? Cell wall is complex matrix and properties of individual polymers and cross linking between them, make it resistant to enzymatic degradation during biofuel production. Cellulose microfibrils containing 500-14000 Glc units are tightly arranged to form crys ...
Spatial Relationship between Transcription Sites and Chromosome
... with respect to the structural organization of interphase chromosomes is of functional significance for gene control. The aim of the present study is to elucidate whether transcription sites have a distinct spatial distribution in relation to the organization of chromosome territories and chromatin. ...
... with respect to the structural organization of interphase chromosomes is of functional significance for gene control. The aim of the present study is to elucidate whether transcription sites have a distinct spatial distribution in relation to the organization of chromosome territories and chromatin. ...
GT-B fold
... The small variety of folds observed for GTs (constraint in nucleotide-sugar binding ?) is compensated by a large structural variability in the acceptor binding domain: «Functional plasticity» which allows fine-tuning with respect to the acceptor. ...
... The small variety of folds observed for GTs (constraint in nucleotide-sugar binding ?) is compensated by a large structural variability in the acceptor binding domain: «Functional plasticity» which allows fine-tuning with respect to the acceptor. ...
Not Every Disulfide Lasts Forever: Disulfide Bond
... the conformation in a way that exposes additional DNA binding residues. It results in a conformation that allows now the transcription factor to cooperatively interact with RNA polymerase (RNAp), an essential prerequisite to induce gene transcription. The major conformational changes that occur upon ...
... the conformation in a way that exposes additional DNA binding residues. It results in a conformation that allows now the transcription factor to cooperatively interact with RNA polymerase (RNAp), an essential prerequisite to induce gene transcription. The major conformational changes that occur upon ...
video slide - Independent School District 196
... A A G Anticodon (a) Two-dimensional structure. The four base-paired regions and three loops are characteristic of all tRNAs, as is the base sequence of the amino acid attachment site at the 3 end. The anticodon triplet is unique to each tRNA type. (The asterisks mark bases that have been chemically ...
... A A G Anticodon (a) Two-dimensional structure. The four base-paired regions and three loops are characteristic of all tRNAs, as is the base sequence of the amino acid attachment site at the 3 end. The anticodon triplet is unique to each tRNA type. (The asterisks mark bases that have been chemically ...
Full Text
... been described in flies and worms, including instructive functions in the targeting of dendritic trees to their proper termini (39) and cell type specification (40–42). More recently, the model in which a transcription factor recruits complexes has been questioned by genomic studies in ES cells (11) ...
... been described in flies and worms, including instructive functions in the targeting of dendritic trees to their proper termini (39) and cell type specification (40–42). More recently, the model in which a transcription factor recruits complexes has been questioned by genomic studies in ES cells (11) ...
Expression and purification of proteins using Strep
... The Strep-tag® II is a short peptide tag with negligible effect on the recombinant protein due to its chemically balanced amino acid composition (8 amino acids, WSHPQFEK) which can be fused to the protein as either N- or C-terminal tag. A two amino acid spacer (SerAla) between the protein and the ta ...
... The Strep-tag® II is a short peptide tag with negligible effect on the recombinant protein due to its chemically balanced amino acid composition (8 amino acids, WSHPQFEK) which can be fused to the protein as either N- or C-terminal tag. A two amino acid spacer (SerAla) between the protein and the ta ...
Spaceflight and simulated microgravity have been shown to cause
... attributed to the downregulation of gene expression. However, how unloading altered gene expression, protein synthesis and induced atrophy of antigravity muscles is a question to be answered. In recent years, the research of machanotransduction has been developed rapidly. Machanotransduction is the ...
... attributed to the downregulation of gene expression. However, how unloading altered gene expression, protein synthesis and induced atrophy of antigravity muscles is a question to be answered. In recent years, the research of machanotransduction has been developed rapidly. Machanotransduction is the ...
Sulphur and nitrogen regulation of the protease
... responds to the availability of sulphur to the fungal cell, we used a modified B05.10 B. cinerea strain (strain T3) carrying a transcriptional fusion (pACP1-GUS) able to drive an intracellular production of b-glucuronidase (GUS) that parallels that of the endogenous ACP1 (Rolland et al., 2003). The ...
... responds to the availability of sulphur to the fungal cell, we used a modified B05.10 B. cinerea strain (strain T3) carrying a transcriptional fusion (pACP1-GUS) able to drive an intracellular production of b-glucuronidase (GUS) that parallels that of the endogenous ACP1 (Rolland et al., 2003). The ...
Pea–Fusarium solani Interactions Contributions of a System Toward
... pI39, pI230. These pea genes code for high cysteine content proteins (12,28) called defensins. Antifungal products of pea PR genes: Defensins. Defensins are antifungal products of some PR genes. Some of the first defensin genes cloned, pI39 and pI230, came from pea (7,12). These two genes, now named ...
... pI39, pI230. These pea genes code for high cysteine content proteins (12,28) called defensins. Antifungal products of pea PR genes: Defensins. Defensins are antifungal products of some PR genes. Some of the first defensin genes cloned, pI39 and pI230, came from pea (7,12). These two genes, now named ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.