Gene expression profiling of Escherichia coli growth transitions: an
... Gene expression during transient growth arrest 293 seem to control gene expression under these conditions; these became our focus during the following analysis. Statistical and cluster analysis With this analysis, we aimed to identify those genes that appear to be involved directly or indirectly in ...
... Gene expression during transient growth arrest 293 seem to control gene expression under these conditions; these became our focus during the following analysis. Statistical and cluster analysis With this analysis, we aimed to identify those genes that appear to be involved directly or indirectly in ...
Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase and
... the coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and the assembly and function of several subunits as an active complex. As a result of the centrality of mitochondrial energy generation in all vital cellular functions, impairment of this process in the mitochondria is strongly associate ...
... the coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and the assembly and function of several subunits as an active complex. As a result of the centrality of mitochondrial energy generation in all vital cellular functions, impairment of this process in the mitochondria is strongly associate ...
Phosphorylation of Beclin 1 by DAP
... to regulation by phosphorylation of either one of the two partners in this complex (Fig. 3). One event is the DAPk-mediated phosphorylation on the T119 residue of Beclin 1, and the other is the JNK-1-dependent phosphorylation at residues T69, S70 and S87 of Bcl-2. Future experiments should test whet ...
... to regulation by phosphorylation of either one of the two partners in this complex (Fig. 3). One event is the DAPk-mediated phosphorylation on the T119 residue of Beclin 1, and the other is the JNK-1-dependent phosphorylation at residues T69, S70 and S87 of Bcl-2. Future experiments should test whet ...
user manual for MS Amanda Standalone
... [protein="true|false"] [delta_mass="+XX.XX"]>Name[(AA,AA)]‐‐>Carbamidomethyl(C)
Oxidation(M)
MyOw ...
... [protein="true|false"] [delta_mass="+XX.XX"]>Name[(AA,AA)]‐‐>
Role of Polycomb Group Protein Cbx2/M33 in Meiosis Onset and
... proper homologous chromosome synapsis [12–14]. Notably, biochemical analyses as well as several genetic mouse models support the existence of critical factors that might be exclusively involved in the control of germline-specific epigenetic modifications essential for the successful completion of me ...
... proper homologous chromosome synapsis [12–14]. Notably, biochemical analyses as well as several genetic mouse models support the existence of critical factors that might be exclusively involved in the control of germline-specific epigenetic modifications essential for the successful completion of me ...
NUCLEAR PROTEINS II. Similarity of Nonhistone Proteins in
... the major N H P indicates that they are present in a range of 2.2 • 105-5.2 • l06 copies per diploid nucleus. Most of the electrophoretically visible NHP are probably structural rather than regulatory proteins; 09 actin, myosin, tubulin, and tropomyosin, if present at all, constitute a very minor fr ...
... the major N H P indicates that they are present in a range of 2.2 • 105-5.2 • l06 copies per diploid nucleus. Most of the electrophoretically visible NHP are probably structural rather than regulatory proteins; 09 actin, myosin, tubulin, and tropomyosin, if present at all, constitute a very minor fr ...
Distinct domains within Mash1 and Math1 are required
... neuronal differentiation, Tuj1 (Fig. 1C,E,Q), and have exited the cell cycle as determined by the lack of BrdU incorporation (Fig. 1D,F,R). Although Mash1 appears to function more efficiently in this assay than Math1, by all three criteria, cells with excess expression of each of these neural bHLH f ...
... neuronal differentiation, Tuj1 (Fig. 1C,E,Q), and have exited the cell cycle as determined by the lack of BrdU incorporation (Fig. 1D,F,R). Although Mash1 appears to function more efficiently in this assay than Math1, by all three criteria, cells with excess expression of each of these neural bHLH f ...
2 Biogenesis and the regulation of the maturation of miRNAs
... PAZ domain (similar to the Dicer PAZ domain with similar function), an MID domain that orientates the miRNA by accommodating the 5′ phosphate of the miRNA and a PIWI motif which is the catalytic domain [38]. All plant Argonautes are cleavage-competent [39]; however, many animal Argonautes have lost ...
... PAZ domain (similar to the Dicer PAZ domain with similar function), an MID domain that orientates the miRNA by accommodating the 5′ phosphate of the miRNA and a PIWI motif which is the catalytic domain [38]. All plant Argonautes are cleavage-competent [39]; however, many animal Argonautes have lost ...
Centromeres: An Integrated Protein/DNA Complex
... backand forth along its helical axis in a zig-zag fashion, quite distinct from other structural sequences such as bent DNA,or the bent DNA locus in kinetoplast DNA and autonomouslyreplicating sequences. This structural motif is conservedin 12 CDEII regions that exhibit minimal sequence homology.Whet ...
... backand forth along its helical axis in a zig-zag fashion, quite distinct from other structural sequences such as bent DNA,or the bent DNA locus in kinetoplast DNA and autonomouslyreplicating sequences. This structural motif is conservedin 12 CDEII regions that exhibit minimal sequence homology.Whet ...
Initiation of Innate Immune Responses in the
... only a few species of gram-negative bacteria and are bacteriostatic rather than bacteriolytic. However, until now no glycine-rich molecules have been reported in mammals. Some of this group antibacterial peptides such as apidaecin, gloverins, and attacins have an immediate effect on protein synthesi ...
... only a few species of gram-negative bacteria and are bacteriostatic rather than bacteriolytic. However, until now no glycine-rich molecules have been reported in mammals. Some of this group antibacterial peptides such as apidaecin, gloverins, and attacins have an immediate effect on protein synthesi ...
BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATION
... 2. Temperature alters the strength of the weak bonds that are critical to the conformation of macromolecules and to the conformational changes that occur during ligand binding and catalysis in enzymes. A decrease in temperature increases the stability of hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, a ...
... 2. Temperature alters the strength of the weak bonds that are critical to the conformation of macromolecules and to the conformational changes that occur during ligand binding and catalysis in enzymes. A decrease in temperature increases the stability of hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, a ...
Linking folding and binding
... A feature of many disordered recognition elements is that they can fold into different structures on binding to different target proteins. Examples include the intrinsically disordered regulatory region near the C-terminus of p53, which folds into helical, b-strand, and extended irregular structures ...
... A feature of many disordered recognition elements is that they can fold into different structures on binding to different target proteins. Examples include the intrinsically disordered regulatory region near the C-terminus of p53, which folds into helical, b-strand, and extended irregular structures ...
Photomorphogenesis, B-Box Transcription Factors
... targets, and it was found that together they can negatively regulate the expression of BBX22. It was shown previously that BBX22 expression is regulated directly by HY5 binding to its promoter (Chang et al., 2008) and that COP1 degrades BBX22 in the dark (Datta et al., 2008; Chang et al., 2011). Bas ...
... targets, and it was found that together they can negatively regulate the expression of BBX22. It was shown previously that BBX22 expression is regulated directly by HY5 binding to its promoter (Chang et al., 2008) and that COP1 degrades BBX22 in the dark (Datta et al., 2008; Chang et al., 2011). Bas ...
RNA polymerase II transcription is concentrated outside replication
... Recently, labelling nascent RNA with 5-bromouridine 5′triphosphate (BrUTP) showed that transcription by RNA polymerase II (RPII) is, like replication, located in domains in the nucleus (Jackson et al., 1993; Wansink et al., 1993). Transcription domains, which may contain one or more actively transcr ...
... Recently, labelling nascent RNA with 5-bromouridine 5′triphosphate (BrUTP) showed that transcription by RNA polymerase II (RPII) is, like replication, located in domains in the nucleus (Jackson et al., 1993; Wansink et al., 1993). Transcription domains, which may contain one or more actively transcr ...
Characterization of a novel phosphatidylinositol 3
... highly conserved between species and are named after the first four proteins (Fab1p, YOTB, Vac1p and EEA1) shown to contain them [1]. Although first identified in proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, their functions are not restricted to this process, having been identified in proteins that p ...
... highly conserved between species and are named after the first four proteins (Fab1p, YOTB, Vac1p and EEA1) shown to contain them [1]. Although first identified in proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, their functions are not restricted to this process, having been identified in proteins that p ...
The Methylosome, a 20S Complex Containing JBP1 and pICln
... in vivo. SMN binds preferentially and directly to the symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA)-modified arginineand glycine-rich (RG-rich) domains of SmD1 and SmD3. We found that the unmodified, but not the sDMAmodified, RG domains of SmD1 and SmD3 associate with a 20S methyltransferase complex, termed t ...
... in vivo. SMN binds preferentially and directly to the symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA)-modified arginineand glycine-rich (RG-rich) domains of SmD1 and SmD3. We found that the unmodified, but not the sDMAmodified, RG domains of SmD1 and SmD3 associate with a 20S methyltransferase complex, termed t ...
Vernalization and epigenetics: how plants remember winter
... two of the main environmental cues that plants monitor to determine the correct time to flower. Vernalization is a term that describes the promotion of flowering after exposure to cold. Specifically, vernalization results in ‘the acquisition or acceleration of the ability to flower by a chilling tre ...
... two of the main environmental cues that plants monitor to determine the correct time to flower. Vernalization is a term that describes the promotion of flowering after exposure to cold. Specifically, vernalization results in ‘the acquisition or acceleration of the ability to flower by a chilling tre ...
Structure and function of tomato disease resistance proteins van
... (McHale et al., 2006). All NB-LRR proteins are believed to act intracellularly. A more limited number of R proteins acts extracellularly and they contain a predicted extracellular LRR (eLRR) domain at their N-terminus. This eLRR is connected via a transmembrane domain to a variable cytoplasmic C-ter ...
... (McHale et al., 2006). All NB-LRR proteins are believed to act intracellularly. A more limited number of R proteins acts extracellularly and they contain a predicted extracellular LRR (eLRR) domain at their N-terminus. This eLRR is connected via a transmembrane domain to a variable cytoplasmic C-ter ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... b. the mRNA that binds to a ribosome. c. DNA that binds RNA polymerase. d. the mRNA that binds tRNAs. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 16.3 How Is Eukaryotic Gene Transcription Regulated? Page: 353 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 41. In eukaryotic cells, promoters are a. transcrib ...
... b. the mRNA that binds to a ribosome. c. DNA that binds RNA polymerase. d. the mRNA that binds tRNAs. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 16.3 How Is Eukaryotic Gene Transcription Regulated? Page: 353 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 41. In eukaryotic cells, promoters are a. transcrib ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... • Transcription from many eukaryotic promoters can be stimulated by control elements located thousands of base pairs away from the start site. • Such long-distance transcription control elements, referred to as enhancers, are common in eukaryotic genomes but fairly rare in bacterial genomes. • An e ...
... • Transcription from many eukaryotic promoters can be stimulated by control elements located thousands of base pairs away from the start site. • Such long-distance transcription control elements, referred to as enhancers, are common in eukaryotic genomes but fairly rare in bacterial genomes. • An e ...
The mTERF protein MOC1 terminates mitochondrial DNA
... at the level of transcription initiation. To date, three mTERF factors from different organisms have been shown to terminate mtDNA transcription (23). Human mTERF1 binds specifically to a sequence within the tRNALeu(UUR) gene and arrests RNA polymerase progression in vitro (24,32). Simultaneous bindi ...
... at the level of transcription initiation. To date, three mTERF factors from different organisms have been shown to terminate mtDNA transcription (23). Human mTERF1 binds specifically to a sequence within the tRNALeu(UUR) gene and arrests RNA polymerase progression in vitro (24,32). Simultaneous bindi ...
Gene Section JUND (proto-oncogene) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... JUND is a member of the JUN family of basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA-binding proteins. Analysis of the protein expression levels demonstrated an opposite expression pattern between JUN and JUND. When cells entry into the G0 phase of the cell cycle by serum starvation, JUN level decreases and ...
... JUND is a member of the JUN family of basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA-binding proteins. Analysis of the protein expression levels demonstrated an opposite expression pattern between JUN and JUND. When cells entry into the G0 phase of the cell cycle by serum starvation, JUN level decreases and ...
Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and
... ternary complex with spectrin and actin. Phosphorylation induces the dissociation of glycophorin C from the membrane skeleton. Therefore the final effect of this process is a marked decrease in the mechanical stability of the erythrocyte membrane [78]. Protein 4.1 also interacts with glycophorin C a ...
... ternary complex with spectrin and actin. Phosphorylation induces the dissociation of glycophorin C from the membrane skeleton. Therefore the final effect of this process is a marked decrease in the mechanical stability of the erythrocyte membrane [78]. Protein 4.1 also interacts with glycophorin C a ...
reprint - Charles Brenner Laboratory
... and mitochondrial Ac-coA increases, more protein Lys acetylation occurs. Such protein modifications would tend to relieve mitochondrial Ac-coA and could have important regulatory roles. One of the first mitochondrial acetylomic analyses (Zhao et al., 2010) showed that metabolic enzymes are highly mo ...
... and mitochondrial Ac-coA increases, more protein Lys acetylation occurs. Such protein modifications would tend to relieve mitochondrial Ac-coA and could have important regulatory roles. One of the first mitochondrial acetylomic analyses (Zhao et al., 2010) showed that metabolic enzymes are highly mo ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.