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Structure-activity Relationships in Flexible Protein Domains
... be established. Overall, when exogenously introduced into cells the GDIs behave as negative regulators by maintaining rho GTPases as inactive cytosolic forms which are unable to effectively interact with GEFs and/or downstream target molecules. However, in some situations, for example, ezrin/radixin ...
... be established. Overall, when exogenously introduced into cells the GDIs behave as negative regulators by maintaining rho GTPases as inactive cytosolic forms which are unable to effectively interact with GEFs and/or downstream target molecules. However, in some situations, for example, ezrin/radixin ...
access full article - Caister Academic Press
... gene expression in prokaryotes. It is well known that tRNAs are involved in the regulation of transcriptional termination (Williamson and Oxender, 1992; Yanofsky, 2000). In addition, certain transfer RNAs are considered as possible regulatory molecules participating in the regulation of gene express ...
... gene expression in prokaryotes. It is well known that tRNAs are involved in the regulation of transcriptional termination (Williamson and Oxender, 1992; Yanofsky, 2000). In addition, certain transfer RNAs are considered as possible regulatory molecules participating in the regulation of gene express ...
- Catalyst
... NLRP3) the inflammasome oligomerizes with an adapator protein and capsapse 1. Once Caspase-1 become apart of the inflammasome it is activated and capable of cleaving cytokines and ...
... NLRP3) the inflammasome oligomerizes with an adapator protein and capsapse 1. Once Caspase-1 become apart of the inflammasome it is activated and capable of cleaving cytokines and ...
Plant nuclear proteomics inside the cell maestro
... the main advantages of 2DE consists of its ability to simultaneously separate and visualize a wide number of proteins [56]. The 2DE process is based on two autonomous separation methods, the first of which is isoelectric focusing. This process is defined by differently charged proteins being separated ...
... the main advantages of 2DE consists of its ability to simultaneously separate and visualize a wide number of proteins [56]. The 2DE process is based on two autonomous separation methods, the first of which is isoelectric focusing. This process is defined by differently charged proteins being separated ...
Chlamydia pneumoniae CdsQ functions as a multi
... (approximate molecular weight 42.07kDa). Lane B: oligomerization of His-CdsQ following formaldehyde fixation, 11.66 ug of a formaldehyde fixed sample of His-CdsQ was seperated on an 8% SDS PAGE gel and analyzed by Western blot using anti-His antibody. The CdsQ monomer can be visualized and potential ...
... (approximate molecular weight 42.07kDa). Lane B: oligomerization of His-CdsQ following formaldehyde fixation, 11.66 ug of a formaldehyde fixed sample of His-CdsQ was seperated on an 8% SDS PAGE gel and analyzed by Western blot using anti-His antibody. The CdsQ monomer can be visualized and potential ...
The regulation of receptor protein tyrosine
... are unlikely. In addition, the highly conserved orientation of the D1-D2 domains suggests that the D1 and D2 domains interact (Figure 4A). The residues at the interface between the D1 and D2 domains are generally conserved (Figure 4B). Moreover, ∆iGs at the interface between the D1 and D2 domains of ...
... are unlikely. In addition, the highly conserved orientation of the D1-D2 domains suggests that the D1 and D2 domains interact (Figure 4A). The residues at the interface between the D1 and D2 domains are generally conserved (Figure 4B). Moreover, ∆iGs at the interface between the D1 and D2 domains of ...
as a PDF
... regulatory mechanism that can increase both the selectivity and intensity of a cAMP-mediated hormonal response. For the free C-subunit, subcellular localization also can be modulated by PKI which, in addition to serving as an inhibitor, also contains a nuclear export signal that actively exports C f ...
... regulatory mechanism that can increase both the selectivity and intensity of a cAMP-mediated hormonal response. For the free C-subunit, subcellular localization also can be modulated by PKI which, in addition to serving as an inhibitor, also contains a nuclear export signal that actively exports C f ...
medline:93194904
... The cellular oncogene c-myb can interact synergistically with the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 transactivator in lymphoid cells. Regulation of replicative functions in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome is mediated through activation of a virally encoded transcription factor, Z (BZLF1). We have shown t ...
... The cellular oncogene c-myb can interact synergistically with the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 transactivator in lymphoid cells. Regulation of replicative functions in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome is mediated through activation of a virally encoded transcription factor, Z (BZLF1). We have shown t ...
Protein-DNA Interaction Analysis Brochure
... of these types of gene regulation. For more complete information and a full listing of available kits, antibodies and proteins to enable your gene regulation research, please visit us at www.activemotif.com. ...
... of these types of gene regulation. For more complete information and a full listing of available kits, antibodies and proteins to enable your gene regulation research, please visit us at www.activemotif.com. ...
Sirtuins at a Glance - Journal of Cell Science
... have different specific substrates and biological functions, and are found in various cell compartments. The fact that sirtuins require NAD for their enzymatic activity connects metabolism to aging and agingrelated diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarize the recent data rela ...
... have different specific substrates and biological functions, and are found in various cell compartments. The fact that sirtuins require NAD for their enzymatic activity connects metabolism to aging and agingrelated diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarize the recent data rela ...
pombe fbp1 gene occurs by a cAMP signaling pathway. Glucose
... cyclase. The regulatory subunit of cAPK is encoded by BCY1, mutations in which bypass the requirement for active adenylate cyclase (Matsumoto et al. 1982a). The catalytic subunits of cAPK are encoded by each of the TPK1, TPK2, and TPK3 genes (Toda et al. 1987b). In S. pombe, less is known about the ...
... cyclase. The regulatory subunit of cAPK is encoded by BCY1, mutations in which bypass the requirement for active adenylate cyclase (Matsumoto et al. 1982a). The catalytic subunits of cAPK are encoded by each of the TPK1, TPK2, and TPK3 genes (Toda et al. 1987b). In S. pombe, less is known about the ...
DNA transcription 3.lecture ENG OK
... and the basal transcription machinery (Pol II and the GTF). Mediator complex can be subdivided into four modules referred to as head, middle, tail and the dissociable kinase module and contains 31 subunits. The mediator binds to the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Pol II acting as a bridge between th ...
... and the basal transcription machinery (Pol II and the GTF). Mediator complex can be subdivided into four modules referred to as head, middle, tail and the dissociable kinase module and contains 31 subunits. The mediator binds to the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Pol II acting as a bridge between th ...
MINI REVIEW Lectin-like proteins in model organisms: implications
... The lectins that contain CRDs listed in the Table I fall broadly in two categories. Lectins that contain CRDs in the first three structural groups are located mostly intracellularly, in luminal compartments. They function in the trafficking, sorting, and targetting of glycoproteins in the secretory ...
... The lectins that contain CRDs listed in the Table I fall broadly in two categories. Lectins that contain CRDs in the first three structural groups are located mostly intracellularly, in luminal compartments. They function in the trafficking, sorting, and targetting of glycoproteins in the secretory ...
A single mutation in the core domain of the lac repressor reduces
... showed that the roles played by individual amino acids in long-distance allosteric transmission are still incompletely understood. Furthermore, the construction of chimeric repressors showed that specificity and function could be retained by the individual domains despite “mismatched interfaces” [39 ...
... showed that the roles played by individual amino acids in long-distance allosteric transmission are still incompletely understood. Furthermore, the construction of chimeric repressors showed that specificity and function could be retained by the individual domains despite “mismatched interfaces” [39 ...
Control of notochord gene expression by Brachyury
... elements required for notochord activity ~2 kb ...
... elements required for notochord activity ~2 kb ...
Enhancers as non-coding RNA transcription units: recent
... and next-generation sequencing (ChIP–seq) to predict enhancers18,19. Commonly used annotation methods for putative enhancers now include: the integration of the DNase hypersensitivity assay with deep sequencing; the detection of a higher ratio of histone H3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) compa ...
... and next-generation sequencing (ChIP–seq) to predict enhancers18,19. Commonly used annotation methods for putative enhancers now include: the integration of the DNase hypersensitivity assay with deep sequencing; the detection of a higher ratio of histone H3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) compa ...
Ricinus communis - Scientific Research Publishing
... tree of WRI1 homologs and AP2 homologs indicates that the castor bean WRI1-related genes formed a distant group from other AP2-related genes including AtERF1, AtDREB1A and RAV1 (Figure 1(a)). The RcWRI1,2,3 and other WRI1 orthologs share a very similar domain structure, composing of two AP2-type dom ...
... tree of WRI1 homologs and AP2 homologs indicates that the castor bean WRI1-related genes formed a distant group from other AP2-related genes including AtERF1, AtDREB1A and RAV1 (Figure 1(a)). The RcWRI1,2,3 and other WRI1 orthologs share a very similar domain structure, composing of two AP2-type dom ...
GEFs: master regulators of G
... mechanisms allow a signal to diverge into multiple pathways10. Signaling networks also involve indirect connections. For example, Rho-family GEFs Vav and Tiam contain PH domains directly C-terminal to their GEF domains. These phosphoinositolbinding domains might not only function as membrane localiz ...
... mechanisms allow a signal to diverge into multiple pathways10. Signaling networks also involve indirect connections. For example, Rho-family GEFs Vav and Tiam contain PH domains directly C-terminal to their GEF domains. These phosphoinositolbinding domains might not only function as membrane localiz ...
review of the EBNA3 proteins here - EBV Microarray data interrogation
... per cell, suggesting that their expression is tightly regulated. Although it is related to one another, there is nothing to suggest that the large nuclear proteins encoded by these genes have redundant functions; moreover, they possess no obvious similarities to any known cell or viral proteins—othe ...
... per cell, suggesting that their expression is tightly regulated. Although it is related to one another, there is nothing to suggest that the large nuclear proteins encoded by these genes have redundant functions; moreover, they possess no obvious similarities to any known cell or viral proteins—othe ...
Signaling Mechanisms That Regulate Smooth Muscle Cell
... activity play a major role in the regulation of SMC differentiation. Hendrix et al demonstrated that myocardin mRNA expression was significantly reduced in rat carotid arteries following wire injury in a time course that closely paralleled the downregulation of SMC differentiation marker gene expres ...
... activity play a major role in the regulation of SMC differentiation. Hendrix et al demonstrated that myocardin mRNA expression was significantly reduced in rat carotid arteries following wire injury in a time course that closely paralleled the downregulation of SMC differentiation marker gene expres ...
as a PDF
... enzymes is reflected in their diversity. PTPs can be grouped into two structurally distinct groups: receptor-like proteins that span the membrane and soluble cytosolic enzymes. Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) have the potential to transduce extracellular signals into changes in p ...
... enzymes is reflected in their diversity. PTPs can be grouped into two structurally distinct groups: receptor-like proteins that span the membrane and soluble cytosolic enzymes. Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) have the potential to transduce extracellular signals into changes in p ...
Sus1, a Functional Component of the SAGA Pore-Associated mRNA Export Machinery
... nuclear protein Yra1/Aly, which acts upstream of the mRNA-exporter and is thought to couple intranuclear steps in mRNP biogenesis with mRNA export (Reed and Hurt, 2002). In yeast, Yra1 interacts with Mex67 (Sträßer and Hurt, 200; Stutz et al., 2000; Zenklusen et al., 2001). Aly, the metazoan counte ...
... nuclear protein Yra1/Aly, which acts upstream of the mRNA-exporter and is thought to couple intranuclear steps in mRNP biogenesis with mRNA export (Reed and Hurt, 2002). In yeast, Yra1 interacts with Mex67 (Sträßer and Hurt, 200; Stutz et al., 2000; Zenklusen et al., 2001). Aly, the metazoan counte ...
Document
... - uninducible: mutant that cannot be expressed at all. - constitutive gene expression: the continued expression of a gene that does not respond to regulation The operator was originally identified by constitutive mutations, denoted OC. The mutation changes the operator so that the repressor no lon ...
... - uninducible: mutant that cannot be expressed at all. - constitutive gene expression: the continued expression of a gene that does not respond to regulation The operator was originally identified by constitutive mutations, denoted OC. The mutation changes the operator so that the repressor no lon ...
- Wiley Online Library
... certain genes and operons, the mechanisms leading to repression may be quite diverse. The presence of a repressing carbon source can result in lower concentrations of inducers speci¢c for alternate routes of catabolism, in altered activities of speci¢c regulators, or in the activation of global cont ...
... certain genes and operons, the mechanisms leading to repression may be quite diverse. The presence of a repressing carbon source can result in lower concentrations of inducers speci¢c for alternate routes of catabolism, in altered activities of speci¢c regulators, or in the activation of global cont ...
doc
... demonstrated a strong synergistic transcriptional activation of NF-B-dependent promoters (IL-6, HIV1, ICAM-1, IL-8) by NF-B inducers of the classical pathway (TNF, IL-1, PMA and pervanadate) and deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Mechanistically, HDAC inhibitors prolonged the activated IKK complex act ...
... demonstrated a strong synergistic transcriptional activation of NF-B-dependent promoters (IL-6, HIV1, ICAM-1, IL-8) by NF-B inducers of the classical pathway (TNF, IL-1, PMA and pervanadate) and deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Mechanistically, HDAC inhibitors prolonged the activated IKK complex act ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nucleosome_1KX5_colour_coded.png?width=300)
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.