![Biological Mechanisms of Noise in Gene Expression](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015707930_1-d77cbaa72fb77cdeebbf940a683ad0a8-300x300.png)
Biological Mechanisms of Noise in Gene Expression
... expression of that gene was identical. They introduce GFP gene under the expression of Met17 promoter at the HIS genomic locus in segregants issued from a cross between these two strains and put in evidence that both noise and mean were under genetic control. After screening, they identified a QTL ( ...
... expression of that gene was identical. They introduce GFP gene under the expression of Met17 promoter at the HIS genomic locus in segregants issued from a cross between these two strains and put in evidence that both noise and mean were under genetic control. After screening, they identified a QTL ( ...
Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... with variable levels in lung, liver and kidney [3,24]. Figure 2 lists the activities of the four PDHK isoenzymes towards the three phosphorylation sites of human PDH reconstituted in PDC [22]. PDH mutants having only one of the three phosphorylation sites available for phosphorylation, with alanine ...
... with variable levels in lung, liver and kidney [3,24]. Figure 2 lists the activities of the four PDHK isoenzymes towards the three phosphorylation sites of human PDH reconstituted in PDC [22]. PDH mutants having only one of the three phosphorylation sites available for phosphorylation, with alanine ...
Osmotic Signaling in Plants. Multiple Pathways
... mechanisms. What are the processes by which plant cells sense extracellular modifications, specifically transmit the signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and ultimately to the nucleus where changes in gene expression may occur? These questions, which are crucial for plant survival and ...
... mechanisms. What are the processes by which plant cells sense extracellular modifications, specifically transmit the signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and ultimately to the nucleus where changes in gene expression may occur? These questions, which are crucial for plant survival and ...
Supplement_2_-_PLoS_
... localizes to the vacuole; YOR292C is not an essential gene Putative protein of unknown function Putative purine-cytosine permease, very similar to Fcy2p but cannot substitute for its function Putative membrane protein of unknown function Negative regulator of genes in multiple nitrogen degradation p ...
... localizes to the vacuole; YOR292C is not an essential gene Putative protein of unknown function Putative purine-cytosine permease, very similar to Fcy2p but cannot substitute for its function Putative membrane protein of unknown function Negative regulator of genes in multiple nitrogen degradation p ...
Two Domains of the Human bZIP Transcription Factor
... from an internal methionine cluster to yield a short isoform of 447 amino acids (originally described as LCR-F1 (11)). Fulllength TCF11 ranges from 728 to 772 amino acids depending on alternative splicing within an acidic N-terminal domain (1). Second, dimerization with different partners may alter ...
... from an internal methionine cluster to yield a short isoform of 447 amino acids (originally described as LCR-F1 (11)). Fulllength TCF11 ranges from 728 to 772 amino acids depending on alternative splicing within an acidic N-terminal domain (1). Second, dimerization with different partners may alter ...
Recombinant DNA procedures for producing small antimicrobial
... expressed in yeast and purified (Reichhart et al., 1992). The only example of an antimicrobial cationic peptide to be expressed in bacteria is a scorpion insectotoxin (Pang et al., 1992). This peptide was expressed in E. coli, but due to improper processing, had extra aa at the N terminus, and no bi ...
... expressed in yeast and purified (Reichhart et al., 1992). The only example of an antimicrobial cationic peptide to be expressed in bacteria is a scorpion insectotoxin (Pang et al., 1992). This peptide was expressed in E. coli, but due to improper processing, had extra aa at the N terminus, and no bi ...
Chromatin Remodeling Facilitates DNA Incision in UV
... cleosomes. Repair in dinucleosomes is also strongly inhibited by this chromatin structure even when the lesion is located within the linker DNA (Ura et al., 2001). Thus, these studies show that DNA repair in cells is affected by chromatin structure. In principle all DNA processing must require acces ...
... cleosomes. Repair in dinucleosomes is also strongly inhibited by this chromatin structure even when the lesion is located within the linker DNA (Ura et al., 2001). Thus, these studies show that DNA repair in cells is affected by chromatin structure. In principle all DNA processing must require acces ...
Epigenetics, the holy grail in the pathogenesis of
... the pathogenesis of SSc. SSc is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by immune activation, fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and obliterative vasculopathy affecting predominantly the microvessels. Remarkable progress has been made in the past few years emphasizing the importance of epig ...
... the pathogenesis of SSc. SSc is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by immune activation, fibrosis of the skin and internal organs and obliterative vasculopathy affecting predominantly the microvessels. Remarkable progress has been made in the past few years emphasizing the importance of epig ...
Eubacterial sigma
... or for adaptation to environmental changes. These proteins are not required at the same time or in the same amount. Regulation of gene expression therefore enables the cell to control the production of proteins needed for its life cycle or for adaptation to extracellular changes. This regulation in ...
... or for adaptation to environmental changes. These proteins are not required at the same time or in the same amount. Regulation of gene expression therefore enables the cell to control the production of proteins needed for its life cycle or for adaptation to extracellular changes. This regulation in ...
Regulation of translation initiation following stress
... eects of noxious agents and ensure the conservation of resources that are needed to survive under adverse conditions or (ii) activate apoptosis. In this article, we have reviewed several lines of evidence which support the notion that regulation of translation initiation is an important component o ...
... eects of noxious agents and ensure the conservation of resources that are needed to survive under adverse conditions or (ii) activate apoptosis. In this article, we have reviewed several lines of evidence which support the notion that regulation of translation initiation is an important component o ...
Development of a protein microarray using sequence
... micrograms per milliliter of antibody was labeled with the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 647 reactive dye, and was prepared in the binding buffer for the model experiment of protein–protein interaction. 400 lg/mL of GAL4 DBD/EGFP fusion protein was spotted on the slides. The protein-immobilized slides w ...
... micrograms per milliliter of antibody was labeled with the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 647 reactive dye, and was prepared in the binding buffer for the model experiment of protein–protein interaction. 400 lg/mL of GAL4 DBD/EGFP fusion protein was spotted on the slides. The protein-immobilized slides w ...
(Danio rerio) cryptochrome genes
... repressors of Clock:Bmal heterodimers-mediated transcription, and non-inhibitory Cry (NIC) including Cry2 nor Cry3 that cannot repress Clock:Bmal heterodimers-mediated transcription . We also found possible mechanisms underlying non-inhibition of Cry2 and Cry3, i .e ., Cry3 is a cytoplasmic protein, ...
... repressors of Clock:Bmal heterodimers-mediated transcription, and non-inhibitory Cry (NIC) including Cry2 nor Cry3 that cannot repress Clock:Bmal heterodimers-mediated transcription . We also found possible mechanisms underlying non-inhibition of Cry2 and Cry3, i .e ., Cry3 is a cytoplasmic protein, ...
Stress signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
... 1996). Prolonged association with calnexin and calreticulin is observed when proteins are unfolded, misfolded, or unable to oligomerize. Removal of the third glucose from the oligosaccharide core structure correlates with release from calnexin and calreticulin and transport to the Golgi apparatus. I ...
... 1996). Prolonged association with calnexin and calreticulin is observed when proteins are unfolded, misfolded, or unable to oligomerize. Removal of the third glucose from the oligosaccharide core structure correlates with release from calnexin and calreticulin and transport to the Golgi apparatus. I ...
Tan2
... Some peptides are derived by proteolysis from larger proteins, such as buforin II from histone 2A and lactoferricin from lactoferrin. Most multicellular organisms express a cocktail comprising multiple peptides from several of these structural classes within their 'defensive' tissues. ...
... Some peptides are derived by proteolysis from larger proteins, such as buforin II from histone 2A and lactoferricin from lactoferrin. Most multicellular organisms express a cocktail comprising multiple peptides from several of these structural classes within their 'defensive' tissues. ...
Can epigenetics explain transgenerational transmission of acquired
... More quoted than read, more misrepresented than understood, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck remains a fascinating, controversial figure in the history of evolutionary biology. For some the true founder of evolution, for others a mind prone to unrestrained flights of imagination, views and doctrines have been ...
... More quoted than read, more misrepresented than understood, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck remains a fascinating, controversial figure in the history of evolutionary biology. For some the true founder of evolution, for others a mind prone to unrestrained flights of imagination, views and doctrines have been ...
ChIPBase tutorials(ppt) - deepBase - Sun Yat
... Functional information of TF in ChIPBase Functional information of TF in AmiGO ...
... Functional information of TF in ChIPBase Functional information of TF in AmiGO ...
Glucocorticoid Receptor-mediated Suppression of the Interleukin 2
... response (9). We have previously reported that glucocorticoid hormones inhibit phorbol ester and calcium ionophore-induced transcription of the human I1`2 gene (10). We have also shown that such a glucocorticoid inhibition was not observed in fibroblasts expressing a transfected II,2 gene, including ...
... response (9). We have previously reported that glucocorticoid hormones inhibit phorbol ester and calcium ionophore-induced transcription of the human I1`2 gene (10). We have also shown that such a glucocorticoid inhibition was not observed in fibroblasts expressing a transfected II,2 gene, including ...
Resistance Gene-Dependent Activation of a Calcium
... possible fulfilling of its role by calcium-dependent (but calmodulin-independent) protein kinases (CDPKs) has been proposed (Roberts and Harmon, 1992). CDPKs are a class of serine/threonine protein kinases that are unique to plants and some protists. Conserved in structure, they consist of an N-term ...
... possible fulfilling of its role by calcium-dependent (but calmodulin-independent) protein kinases (CDPKs) has been proposed (Roberts and Harmon, 1992). CDPKs are a class of serine/threonine protein kinases that are unique to plants and some protists. Conserved in structure, they consist of an N-term ...
Degradation of DNA damage-independently stalled RNA
... (3). Adverse growth conditions such as lack of nutrients leading to low NTP levels most likely further impair transcription elongation as mimicked by treatment with the drug 6-azauracil (6AU). RNAPII complexes stalled during transcription elongation for a prolonged time might stall irreversibly. Thu ...
... (3). Adverse growth conditions such as lack of nutrients leading to low NTP levels most likely further impair transcription elongation as mimicked by treatment with the drug 6-azauracil (6AU). RNAPII complexes stalled during transcription elongation for a prolonged time might stall irreversibly. Thu ...
Agrobacterium Rhizogeneze
... Another part of Root- Inducing (Ri) plasmid encodes a protein that substitutes for virE2. ...
... Another part of Root- Inducing (Ri) plasmid encodes a protein that substitutes for virE2. ...
the unfolded protein response in yeast and mammals Chris
... which is necessary and sufficient for UPR inducibility of a promoter [29,30]. The ERSE contains binding sites for the ubiquitous transcription factors CBF/NF-Y and YY1 [29,31], but it is specifically activated as a result of binding the bZIP transcription factor ATF6 [32], which, like Hac1p, is memb ...
... which is necessary and sufficient for UPR inducibility of a promoter [29,30]. The ERSE contains binding sites for the ubiquitous transcription factors CBF/NF-Y and YY1 [29,31], but it is specifically activated as a result of binding the bZIP transcription factor ATF6 [32], which, like Hac1p, is memb ...
lecture 8
... GroEL/GroES system may bind 10% of all bacterial cytosolic proteins but recent study shows only a portion of those are completely chaperonin-dependent Belongs to so-called Group I chaperonins which includes evolutionarily-related bacterial GroEL, mitochondrial Hsp60, and chloroplast Rubisco subu ...
... GroEL/GroES system may bind 10% of all bacterial cytosolic proteins but recent study shows only a portion of those are completely chaperonin-dependent Belongs to so-called Group I chaperonins which includes evolutionarily-related bacterial GroEL, mitochondrial Hsp60, and chloroplast Rubisco subu ...
LexA-GAL4 Activates Transcription from a Downstream Site
... most important conclusion is diagrammed in Figure 6. Although LexA-GAL4 and LexA both bind lexA operators in yeast (this paper, and Brent and Ptashne, 1984), LexA-GAL4 activates transcription, while LexA does not. LexA-GAL4 does not interact with UASG. Activation of transcription ty LexA-GAL4 is les ...
... most important conclusion is diagrammed in Figure 6. Although LexA-GAL4 and LexA both bind lexA operators in yeast (this paper, and Brent and Ptashne, 1984), LexA-GAL4 activates transcription, while LexA does not. LexA-GAL4 does not interact with UASG. Activation of transcription ty LexA-GAL4 is les ...
View PDF - Elly Nedivi
... were less consistently increased under the same experimental conditions, in line with earlier findings (63). While Cole et al. (48) found that stimulation of convergent inhibitory synaptic inputs known to block LTP also blocked IEG induction, Wisden et al. (276) using a similar protocol but slightly ...
... were less consistently increased under the same experimental conditions, in line with earlier findings (63). While Cole et al. (48) found that stimulation of convergent inhibitory synaptic inputs known to block LTP also blocked IEG induction, Wisden et al. (276) using a similar protocol but slightly ...
Differential Expression of IFN Regulatory Factor 4 Gene in Human
... treated with GM-CSF and/or IL-4 (Table II). The IRF4 gene, instead, was one of the most strongly up-regulated genes in cytokinestimulated monocytes (Table II). Therefore, the regulation of IRF4 gene expression, a known partner of IRF8, was studied in more detail. First, to verify the results obtaine ...
... treated with GM-CSF and/or IL-4 (Table II). The IRF4 gene, instead, was one of the most strongly up-regulated genes in cytokinestimulated monocytes (Table II). Therefore, the regulation of IRF4 gene expression, a known partner of IRF8, was studied in more detail. First, to verify the results obtaine ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nucleosome_1KX5_colour_coded.png?width=300)
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.