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trisphosphate specifically interacts with the phox homology domain
... cell survival (Stephens et al., 1998). However, PtdInsspecific cellular functions, especially PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-induced molecular activation and signaling events, are not fully understood. The Phox homology (PX) domain is named after its presence in the p40phox and p47phox subunits of the NADPH oxidas ...
... cell survival (Stephens et al., 1998). However, PtdInsspecific cellular functions, especially PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-induced molecular activation and signaling events, are not fully understood. The Phox homology (PX) domain is named after its presence in the p40phox and p47phox subunits of the NADPH oxidas ...
Enhancer timing of Hox gene expression: deletion of
... 1995). A minimum of seven putative transcription factor binding motifs including two CDX-binding sites have been identified within the EE by means of sequence analysis and mutational studies involving reporter constructs in transgenic mice (Shashikant et al., 1995; Shashikant and Ruddle, 1996). In a ...
... 1995). A minimum of seven putative transcription factor binding motifs including two CDX-binding sites have been identified within the EE by means of sequence analysis and mutational studies involving reporter constructs in transgenic mice (Shashikant et al., 1995; Shashikant and Ruddle, 1996). In a ...
The TEA Transcription Factor Tec1 Links TOR and MAPK Pathways
... Genetics, Vol. 189, 479–494 October 2011 ...
... Genetics, Vol. 189, 479–494 October 2011 ...
1 Regulation of Substrate Oxidation Preferences in Muscle by the
... Recent evidence suggests that the peptide hormone adropin plays a role in energy homeostasis (1; 2). These studies linked adropin actions to the control of lipid glucose metabolism, however the exact role remains unclear (1; 2). Adropin is mainly expressed in liver (1), and its expression in this or ...
... Recent evidence suggests that the peptide hormone adropin plays a role in energy homeostasis (1; 2). These studies linked adropin actions to the control of lipid glucose metabolism, however the exact role remains unclear (1; 2). Adropin is mainly expressed in liver (1), and its expression in this or ...
Temporal Regulation of RNA Polymerase II by Srb10 and Kin28
... Srb10 is a negative regulator of transcription in vivo. An artificial holoenzyme recruitment assay (Barberis et al., 1995; Farrell et al., 1996; reviewed in Ptashne and Gann, 1997) provides another in vivo test of the hypothesis that Srb10 is a negative regulator. Tethering of a holoenzyme component ...
... Srb10 is a negative regulator of transcription in vivo. An artificial holoenzyme recruitment assay (Barberis et al., 1995; Farrell et al., 1996; reviewed in Ptashne and Gann, 1997) provides another in vivo test of the hypothesis that Srb10 is a negative regulator. Tethering of a holoenzyme component ...
Signaling pathways in myocyte hypertrophy. Role of GATA4
... affected. Antisense PKCα treatment inhibited PE induced expression of α-SkA, while increased protein synthesis or β-MHC gene expression were not affected. Sretching of the perfused rat atria increased BNP, c-fos and BNP gene expression via mechanism involving p38 MAP kinase activation of transcripti ...
... affected. Antisense PKCα treatment inhibited PE induced expression of α-SkA, while increased protein synthesis or β-MHC gene expression were not affected. Sretching of the perfused rat atria increased BNP, c-fos and BNP gene expression via mechanism involving p38 MAP kinase activation of transcripti ...
Diverse roles of the Mediator complex in plants
... eukaryotic lineages, Bourbon, (2008) showed that Mediator subunits from very diverse phyla could be identified using evolutionary conserved signature sequence motifs (SSMs). Using these analyses, Bourbon (2008) identified all but two Mediator subunits in plants and all of the human subunits in the d ...
... eukaryotic lineages, Bourbon, (2008) showed that Mediator subunits from very diverse phyla could be identified using evolutionary conserved signature sequence motifs (SSMs). Using these analyses, Bourbon (2008) identified all but two Mediator subunits in plants and all of the human subunits in the d ...
Current Topics Intrinsic Disorder and Protein Function†
... Second, molecular crowding should induce folding into a particular 3-D structure only if the protein has an appropriately shaped energy landscape. Proteins with functions that depend on lack of folding would be expected to have evolved energy landscapes incommensurate with folding into a specific st ...
... Second, molecular crowding should induce folding into a particular 3-D structure only if the protein has an appropriately shaped energy landscape. Proteins with functions that depend on lack of folding would be expected to have evolved energy landscapes incommensurate with folding into a specific st ...
Transcriptional mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle
... Box 1 | Skeletal muscle cell specification and differentiation during embryogenesis Formation of trunk muscles The morphogenetic events that are involved in the formation of the myotome have been extensively studied. Cell tracing methods have shown that a first wave of myogenic factor 5 (MYF5)-expre ...
... Box 1 | Skeletal muscle cell specification and differentiation during embryogenesis Formation of trunk muscles The morphogenetic events that are involved in the formation of the myotome have been extensively studied. Cell tracing methods have shown that a first wave of myogenic factor 5 (MYF5)-expre ...
The role of AMPK and CREB-1 in the regulation of mitochondrial
... promoter as a representative promoter since cytochrome c levels correlate well with respiratory chain complexes. We chose the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) as promising candidates, which could control the process of mitochondrial proliferation ...
... promoter as a representative promoter since cytochrome c levels correlate well with respiratory chain complexes. We chose the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) as promising candidates, which could control the process of mitochondrial proliferation ...
The application of Tet repressor in prokaryotic gene regulation and
... The widespread use of tet regulation in the eukaryotic kingdom, in particular for the control of mammalian genes by means of TetR fused to mammalian transcription factor domains like VP16 for transactivation (Gossen and Bujard, 1992) or KRAB for transsilencing (Deuschle et al., 1995), is an impressi ...
... The widespread use of tet regulation in the eukaryotic kingdom, in particular for the control of mammalian genes by means of TetR fused to mammalian transcription factor domains like VP16 for transactivation (Gossen and Bujard, 1992) or KRAB for transsilencing (Deuschle et al., 1995), is an impressi ...
ZOO-302CR:(1.4)CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE
... undergo division varies depending on the cell type but on average it takes approx 24 h. Fig. 1. The five distinct phases of the cell cycle are each controlled by specific cyclin/CDK complexes. The cyclin/CDK complexes in turn are negatively regulated by CIP/KIP and INK4 CDKI family members. E2F tran ...
... undergo division varies depending on the cell type but on average it takes approx 24 h. Fig. 1. The five distinct phases of the cell cycle are each controlled by specific cyclin/CDK complexes. The cyclin/CDK complexes in turn are negatively regulated by CIP/KIP and INK4 CDKI family members. E2F tran ...
Protein S deficiency
... a membrane composition which has little, if any, effect on the procoagulant reactions. PE and oxidation increase the binding of many antiphospholipid antibodies and the ability of at least some of them to inhibit the APCprotein S complex specifically. IgG purified from several antiphospholipid syndr ...
... a membrane composition which has little, if any, effect on the procoagulant reactions. PE and oxidation increase the binding of many antiphospholipid antibodies and the ability of at least some of them to inhibit the APCprotein S complex specifically. IgG purified from several antiphospholipid syndr ...
Auxin Action in a Cell
... added directly to protein extracts prepared from seedlings expressing c-myc-tagged TIR1 (TIR1-myc). A glutathionine-S-transferase fusion protein (GST-IAA7) was added to extracts together with the endogenous auxin IAA or the synthetic auxin 2,4-D. GST-IAA7 was recovered, and the presence of TIR1-myc ...
... added directly to protein extracts prepared from seedlings expressing c-myc-tagged TIR1 (TIR1-myc). A glutathionine-S-transferase fusion protein (GST-IAA7) was added to extracts together with the endogenous auxin IAA or the synthetic auxin 2,4-D. GST-IAA7 was recovered, and the presence of TIR1-myc ...
Protein Engineering in the Development of
... and motifs used in the responsive materials. We also highlight protein domains with unrealized potential for hydrogel materials applications. One of the most widely exploited protein domains is the α-helical coiled-coil or leucine zipper domain. Coiled coils have been extensively studied (23–29) and ...
... and motifs used in the responsive materials. We also highlight protein domains with unrealized potential for hydrogel materials applications. One of the most widely exploited protein domains is the α-helical coiled-coil or leucine zipper domain. Coiled coils have been extensively studied (23–29) and ...
Full-Text PDF
... prevent re-licensing after initiation. Abolition of either process by itself does not measurably affect the extent of DNA replication, but if both processes are inactivated simultaneously then the genome is massively over-duplicated [4,8,9]. The molecular mechanism by which Geminin inhibits Cdt1 and ...
... prevent re-licensing after initiation. Abolition of either process by itself does not measurably affect the extent of DNA replication, but if both processes are inactivated simultaneously then the genome is massively over-duplicated [4,8,9]. The molecular mechanism by which Geminin inhibits Cdt1 and ...
GATA-2 functions downstream of BMPs and CaM KIV in ectodermal
... also been shown to interact with the sequence GCCGnCGC, called the GC-rich element. Although Smads bind to DNA with low specifity, it has been shown that they rely on various DNA-binding partners to regulate the transcription of target genes. The list of DNA-binding partners is growing; examples inc ...
... also been shown to interact with the sequence GCCGnCGC, called the GC-rich element. Although Smads bind to DNA with low specifity, it has been shown that they rely on various DNA-binding partners to regulate the transcription of target genes. The list of DNA-binding partners is growing; examples inc ...
of Pseudomonas aeruginosa - BMC Microbiology
... Background: Community and nosocomial infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa still create a major therapeutic challenge. The resistance of this opportunist pathogen to β-lactam antibiotics is determined mainly by production of the inactivating enzyme AmpC, a class C cephalosporinase with a regulation s ...
... Background: Community and nosocomial infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa still create a major therapeutic challenge. The resistance of this opportunist pathogen to β-lactam antibiotics is determined mainly by production of the inactivating enzyme AmpC, a class C cephalosporinase with a regulation s ...
Ribosomal proteins L5 and L15 Ivailo Simoff in vivo
... genes. The eukaryotic ribosome consists of two unequal parts called: small and large ribosomal subunits. Both ribosome subunits are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins (r-proteins). Although rRNAs build the matrix of the ribosome and carry out its main enzymatic function, catalys ...
... genes. The eukaryotic ribosome consists of two unequal parts called: small and large ribosomal subunits. Both ribosome subunits are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins (r-proteins). Although rRNAs build the matrix of the ribosome and carry out its main enzymatic function, catalys ...
Operons - John Innes Centre
... to protect Aspergillus nidulans from predation by an arthropod [44]. In a more complex three-way interaction, colonization of perennial ryegrass by secondary metabolite-producing fungal endophytes has been shown to confer protection against insect herbivory [45]. Secondary metabolite gene clusters i ...
... to protect Aspergillus nidulans from predation by an arthropod [44]. In a more complex three-way interaction, colonization of perennial ryegrass by secondary metabolite-producing fungal endophytes has been shown to confer protection against insect herbivory [45]. Secondary metabolite gene clusters i ...
Poster
... β-catenin is a multi-functional protein involved in two essential cellular pathways: cell-cell adhesion and transcriptional regulation8. β-catenin contains 12 armadillo repeats capped by a C-helix. An amino acid important for β-catenin’s electrostatic interactions with ligands is Lys-435 known as th ...
... β-catenin is a multi-functional protein involved in two essential cellular pathways: cell-cell adhesion and transcriptional regulation8. β-catenin contains 12 armadillo repeats capped by a C-helix. An amino acid important for β-catenin’s electrostatic interactions with ligands is Lys-435 known as th ...
Hornstein, E. - Weizmann Institute of Science
... We seek to gain insight into the role of miRNAs in key developmental events including differentiation, patterning and tissue size control and in miRNA contribution to the evolution of developmental pathways. The genomes of animals contain hundreds of miRNA genes, which encode for short regulatory RN ...
... We seek to gain insight into the role of miRNAs in key developmental events including differentiation, patterning and tissue size control and in miRNA contribution to the evolution of developmental pathways. The genomes of animals contain hundreds of miRNA genes, which encode for short regulatory RN ...
Use of lac regulatory elements for gene expression in
... Antiterminator proteins of the BglG family, such as LacT, share three common domains: an RNA binding domain and two PTS regulated domains (PRD-I and PRD-II) [30, 35, 36]. According to the proposed model of PTS-mediated control of PRDcontaining antiterminators, LacT would exist in three forms: (i) ac ...
... Antiterminator proteins of the BglG family, such as LacT, share three common domains: an RNA binding domain and two PTS regulated domains (PRD-I and PRD-II) [30, 35, 36]. According to the proposed model of PTS-mediated control of PRDcontaining antiterminators, LacT would exist in three forms: (i) ac ...
CHAPTER 13 – PROKARYOTE GENES: E. COLI LAC OPERON
... develop and function differently from each other? The answer lies in the regulation of gene expression. Only a subset of all the genes is expressed (i.e. are functionally active) in any given cell participating in a particular biological process. Gene expression i ...
... develop and function differently from each other? The answer lies in the regulation of gene expression. Only a subset of all the genes is expressed (i.e. are functionally active) in any given cell participating in a particular biological process. Gene expression i ...
Cis-acting sites contributing to expression of divergently transcribed
... A CEN-based lacZ reporter plasmid, for analyzing the expression supported by wild-type and mutant alleles of the DAL1±DAL4 intergenic promoter region, was constructed by cloning a BamHI linker (5¢-CGCGGATCCGCG-3¢) into the SmaI site of pHP41 (Park et al. 1992) to yield pVAN1. BamHI digestion of pVAN ...
... A CEN-based lacZ reporter plasmid, for analyzing the expression supported by wild-type and mutant alleles of the DAL1±DAL4 intergenic promoter region, was constructed by cloning a BamHI linker (5¢-CGCGGATCCGCG-3¢) into the SmaI site of pHP41 (Park et al. 1992) to yield pVAN1. BamHI digestion of pVAN ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nucleosome_1KX5_colour_coded.png?width=300)
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.