The mechanism of redox sensing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
... redox potential using mycothiol as an intracellular redox buffer [8]. Mycothiol is a conjugate of N-acetylcysteine with a pseudo-disaccharide of glucosamine and myoinositol [9]. Using these protective mechanisms in a regulated manner, Mtb can survive physiologically relevant levels of ROS [2]. The r ...
... redox potential using mycothiol as an intracellular redox buffer [8]. Mycothiol is a conjugate of N-acetylcysteine with a pseudo-disaccharide of glucosamine and myoinositol [9]. Using these protective mechanisms in a regulated manner, Mtb can survive physiologically relevant levels of ROS [2]. The r ...
HSP101 functions as a specific translational
... The 5ⴕ leader (⍀) of tobacco mosaic viral RNA functions as a translational enhancer. Sequence analysis of a 102-kD protein, identified previously as a specific ⍀ RNA-binding protein, revealed homology to the HSP101/HSP104/ClpB family of heat shock proteins and its expression in yeast complemented a ...
... The 5ⴕ leader (⍀) of tobacco mosaic viral RNA functions as a translational enhancer. Sequence analysis of a 102-kD protein, identified previously as a specific ⍀ RNA-binding protein, revealed homology to the HSP101/HSP104/ClpB family of heat shock proteins and its expression in yeast complemented a ...
Defensin-like antifungal proteins secreted by filamentous fungi
... with such properties with antifungal activity have been isolated and investigated from 4 ascomycetous fungal species (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium nalgiovense, Aspergillus giganteus and Aspergillus niger). Furthermore, in silico investigation of genomic databases has been revealed a putative ...
... with such properties with antifungal activity have been isolated and investigated from 4 ascomycetous fungal species (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium nalgiovense, Aspergillus giganteus and Aspergillus niger). Furthermore, in silico investigation of genomic databases has been revealed a putative ...
Biochemical Journal
... Abbreviations used: Ago2, Argonaute 2; ARE, AU-rich element; ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; ATF, activating transcription factor; BAF60, BRG1-associated factor 60; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; c-IAP1/2, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1/2; CREB, c ...
... Abbreviations used: Ago2, Argonaute 2; ARE, AU-rich element; ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; ATF, activating transcription factor; BAF60, BRG1-associated factor 60; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; c-IAP1/2, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1/2; CREB, c ...
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes: beyond translation
... simultaneously, and only a subset of ARSs are involved. Although there is still some ambiguity about the stoichiometry and total number of components, at least nine different ARSs, including both class I and class II enzymes, have been consistently found in the mammalian complex: EPRS, IRS, LRS, MRS ...
... simultaneously, and only a subset of ARSs are involved. Although there is still some ambiguity about the stoichiometry and total number of components, at least nine different ARSs, including both class I and class II enzymes, have been consistently found in the mammalian complex: EPRS, IRS, LRS, MRS ...
Communication - Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
... DAP and dystrophin) (1-6). The α-dystroglycan (156-DAG) binds laminin and dystrophin binds to actin filaments, indicating that one function of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex is to provide a link between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton (5, 6). 59-DAP (now named syntrophin) is ...
... DAP and dystrophin) (1-6). The α-dystroglycan (156-DAG) binds laminin and dystrophin binds to actin filaments, indicating that one function of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex is to provide a link between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton (5, 6). 59-DAP (now named syntrophin) is ...
Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction from Receptor Kinases to
... amino acid residues deleted, displayed higher kinase activity in vitro and more complete rescue of the bri1 mutant phenotype in transgenic plants, suggesting an autoinhibitory role of the CT (92). The CT region contains multiple phosphorylation sites, and mutation of these Ser/Thr residues to phosph ...
... amino acid residues deleted, displayed higher kinase activity in vitro and more complete rescue of the bri1 mutant phenotype in transgenic plants, suggesting an autoinhibitory role of the CT (92). The CT region contains multiple phosphorylation sites, and mutation of these Ser/Thr residues to phosph ...
C-terminal processing of yeast Spt7 occurs in the absence of
... TFIID [18,19]. Spt7, Ada1 and Spt20, members of the TBP-subclass of Spt (Suppressors of Ty insertions) [2,2022] proteins, are located near the core of the complex and are required for its integrity, forming an interface between TAFs and other SAGA-specific components [19]. The additional Spt protein ...
... TFIID [18,19]. Spt7, Ada1 and Spt20, members of the TBP-subclass of Spt (Suppressors of Ty insertions) [2,2022] proteins, are located near the core of the complex and are required for its integrity, forming an interface between TAFs and other SAGA-specific components [19]. The additional Spt protein ...
Identification and characterisation of SMIM1
... This thesis contains one of the three original discovery studies reporting the Vel antigen-defining SMIM1deletion. We analysed SNP microarray data from Vel-positive and -negative individuals and identified SMIM1 as a potential gene. We then found the 17-bp deletion to only be present in Vel-negative ...
... This thesis contains one of the three original discovery studies reporting the Vel antigen-defining SMIM1deletion. We analysed SNP microarray data from Vel-positive and -negative individuals and identified SMIM1 as a potential gene. We then found the 17-bp deletion to only be present in Vel-negative ...
Mucolipin 1 channel activity is regulated by protein kinase A
... activity. The stimulatory effect of H89 on MCOLN1 function was not observed when Ser557 and Ser559 were mutated to alanine residues, indicating that these two residues are essential for PKAmediated negative regulation of MCOLN1. This paper presents the first example of regulation of a member of the ...
... activity. The stimulatory effect of H89 on MCOLN1 function was not observed when Ser557 and Ser559 were mutated to alanine residues, indicating that these two residues are essential for PKAmediated negative regulation of MCOLN1. This paper presents the first example of regulation of a member of the ...
Control of Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilin gene
... role related to bacterial cell growth. Indeed, when pilA is inactivated by transposon insertion, only the pilA+/pilA ::mTn3Cm-3 heterodiploids are viable (Taha et al., 1988). In addition, it has been shown that PilA protein is implicated in the gonococcal stress response (Taha et al., 1992) and in t ...
... role related to bacterial cell growth. Indeed, when pilA is inactivated by transposon insertion, only the pilA+/pilA ::mTn3Cm-3 heterodiploids are viable (Taha et al., 1988). In addition, it has been shown that PilA protein is implicated in the gonococcal stress response (Taha et al., 1992) and in t ...
Regulation Of Glut4 Biogenesis In Muscle Evidence For
... as described earlier (14). Briefly, cells on coverslips were loaded with 5 M fura 2-AM for 30 min at 37°C. The coverslip was mounted onto a superfusion chamber and superfused with a physiological saline solution containing (in mM) 2 CaCl2, 143 NaCl, 1 MgCl2, 5 KCl, 10 HEPES, and 10 glucose, pH 7.4, ...
... as described earlier (14). Briefly, cells on coverslips were loaded with 5 M fura 2-AM for 30 min at 37°C. The coverslip was mounted onto a superfusion chamber and superfused with a physiological saline solution containing (in mM) 2 CaCl2, 143 NaCl, 1 MgCl2, 5 KCl, 10 HEPES, and 10 glucose, pH 7.4, ...
Allosteric regulation and catalysis emerge via a common
... large number of conformations that may differ from each other only slightly, and this collection of conformers is considered the native-state ensemble. This view relies on the idea that there are regions of varying stability in a given protein30. For a catalytic cycle, there are multiple sequential ...
... large number of conformations that may differ from each other only slightly, and this collection of conformers is considered the native-state ensemble. This view relies on the idea that there are regions of varying stability in a given protein30. For a catalytic cycle, there are multiple sequential ...
Developmental regulation of the Hox genes during axial
... on a class of Hox regulators, the Cdx transcription factors, that participate in tissue generation during axial extension, as well as in AP patterning, and discuss how these processes are intimately linked. Regulatory events that ensure the long-term memory of the transcriptional states of the Hox g ...
... on a class of Hox regulators, the Cdx transcription factors, that participate in tissue generation during axial extension, as well as in AP patterning, and discuss how these processes are intimately linked. Regulatory events that ensure the long-term memory of the transcriptional states of the Hox g ...
The Escherichia coli trmE (mnmE) gene, involved in tRNA
... Fig. 2. The purified 53K protein forms oligomers. (A) SDS–PAGE analysis of samples from different purification steps of the GST–50K fusion protein from strain MC1000/pIC684. The gel was stained with Coomassie Blue. Lane 1, crude extract from an uninduced culture; lane 2, crude extract from a culture ...
... Fig. 2. The purified 53K protein forms oligomers. (A) SDS–PAGE analysis of samples from different purification steps of the GST–50K fusion protein from strain MC1000/pIC684. The gel was stained with Coomassie Blue. Lane 1, crude extract from an uninduced culture; lane 2, crude extract from a culture ...
The different roles of tryptophan transfer RNA in regulating trp
... relieved but not transcription termination; repression relief will provide sufficient charged tRNATrp for continued protein synthesis. Under extreme starvation conditions, when neither tryptophan nor charged tRNATrp is available for protein synthesis, both repression and transcription termination wi ...
... relieved but not transcription termination; repression relief will provide sufficient charged tRNATrp for continued protein synthesis. Under extreme starvation conditions, when neither tryptophan nor charged tRNATrp is available for protein synthesis, both repression and transcription termination wi ...
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase occurs via a
... In metazoans, receptor kinases control many essential processes related to growth and development and response to the environment. The receptor kinases in plants and animals are structurally similar but evolutionarily distinct and thus while most animal receptor kinases are tyrosine kinases the plan ...
... In metazoans, receptor kinases control many essential processes related to growth and development and response to the environment. The receptor kinases in plants and animals are structurally similar but evolutionarily distinct and thus while most animal receptor kinases are tyrosine kinases the plan ...
SCUBE3 (Signal Peptide-CUB-EGF Domain
... promotes fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (fgfr4, a type of RTK) and myod1 expression in somites, whereas inhibition of Fgfr4 signaling represses limb muscle differentiation (19). In zebrafish, lateral somatic cells require fgf8 signaling to initiate the expression of myod1 and, subsequently, to ...
... promotes fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (fgfr4, a type of RTK) and myod1 expression in somites, whereas inhibition of Fgfr4 signaling represses limb muscle differentiation (19). In zebrafish, lateral somatic cells require fgf8 signaling to initiate the expression of myod1 and, subsequently, to ...
PDF
... Members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors regulate the specification and differentiation of numerous cell types during embryonic development. Hand1 and Hand2 are expressed by a subset of neural crest cells in the anterior branchial arches and are involved in cranio ...
... Members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors regulate the specification and differentiation of numerous cell types during embryonic development. Hand1 and Hand2 are expressed by a subset of neural crest cells in the anterior branchial arches and are involved in cranio ...
In Vivo Release of Mitotic Silencing of Ribosomal Gene
... Penman, 1971). The timing of these events suggests a link with cell cycle controls that could be mediated by the cdc2–cyclin B kinase pathway. Moreover, recent results obtained in vitro have shown that mitotic silencing of rDNA transcription is most probably due to cdc2–cyclin B kinase–directed phos ...
... Penman, 1971). The timing of these events suggests a link with cell cycle controls that could be mediated by the cdc2–cyclin B kinase pathway. Moreover, recent results obtained in vitro have shown that mitotic silencing of rDNA transcription is most probably due to cdc2–cyclin B kinase–directed phos ...
Phenoloxidase Specific Activity in the Red Swamp Crayfish
... The prophenoloxidase (proPO) system is considered an important mechanism of innate defence in arthropods. This enzymatic cascade has been studied in crustaceans such as the crayfishes Astacus astacus and Pacifastacus leniusculus and is located inside the haemocytes. An initial characterisation of th ...
... The prophenoloxidase (proPO) system is considered an important mechanism of innate defence in arthropods. This enzymatic cascade has been studied in crustaceans such as the crayfishes Astacus astacus and Pacifastacus leniusculus and is located inside the haemocytes. An initial characterisation of th ...
Diacylglycerol kinases - University of Toronto Mississauga
... amino acids not present in C1 domains of other proteins or in the DGK C1 motifs further from the catalytic domain. They noted that conserved residues in this extended motif may be critical for DAG kinase activity. Taken together, these data suggest that DGK C1 domains are structurally different from ...
... amino acids not present in C1 domains of other proteins or in the DGK C1 motifs further from the catalytic domain. They noted that conserved residues in this extended motif may be critical for DAG kinase activity. Taken together, these data suggest that DGK C1 domains are structurally different from ...
Cell-Free (In Vitro) Protein Expression
... Easiest/Fastest Method from DNA to Protein Saves valuable time • Produce protein in 1-2 hours vs. days to ...
... Easiest/Fastest Method from DNA to Protein Saves valuable time • Produce protein in 1-2 hours vs. days to ...
Digestive Enzymes Plus
... matter; they are essential to maintain all the body functions working properly. Each enzyme has a specific function in the body that no other enzyme can carry out. Digestive enzymes are specifically involved in the process of digestion. They are considered proteolytic enzymes since they only work on ...
... matter; they are essential to maintain all the body functions working properly. Each enzyme has a specific function in the body that no other enzyme can carry out. Digestive enzymes are specifically involved in the process of digestion. They are considered proteolytic enzymes since they only work on ...
Expressway™ Cell-Free E. coli Expression System
... to allow high-level synthesis of your recombinant protein of interest. At one or several time points after initiating the protein synthesis reaction, the reaction is supplemented with an optimized Feed Buffer containing a proprietary mixture of salts, amino acids, and other substrates that are deple ...
... to allow high-level synthesis of your recombinant protein of interest. At one or several time points after initiating the protein synthesis reaction, the reaction is supplemented with an optimized Feed Buffer containing a proprietary mixture of salts, amino acids, and other substrates that are deple ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.