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- Department of Biosystems Science and
... The molecular chaperone heat-shock protein of 90 kDa (Hsp90) stabilizes various proteins and occupies a central position in cellular networks. Hsp90 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials as anticancer drugs. Recent studies have illuminated the unappreciated significance of this chaperone in ...
... The molecular chaperone heat-shock protein of 90 kDa (Hsp90) stabilizes various proteins and occupies a central position in cellular networks. Hsp90 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials as anticancer drugs. Recent studies have illuminated the unappreciated significance of this chaperone in ...
Structural Mechanisms for Regulation of Membrane
... groups (PGs) that contain functionally distinct proteins in addition to subfamilies of highly similar isoforms (43). Subfamily members tend to be functionally similar if not redundant (although differences in tissue and possibly subcellular distribution might be important), whereas group members typ ...
... groups (PGs) that contain functionally distinct proteins in addition to subfamilies of highly similar isoforms (43). Subfamily members tend to be functionally similar if not redundant (although differences in tissue and possibly subcellular distribution might be important), whereas group members typ ...
CBP/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development Richard
... has been suggested that at least some of its effects on ...
... has been suggested that at least some of its effects on ...
Ribosome engineering to promote new crystal forms
... Despite the similarity, the exact interactions are not conserved: the hidden surface area varies between 140 and 460 Å2 and the relative position of the C-terminal domain of L9 differs by up to 20 Å. In the three most extensive packing interactions, with more than 400 Å2 hidden surface area (Tabl ...
... Despite the similarity, the exact interactions are not conserved: the hidden surface area varies between 140 and 460 Å2 and the relative position of the C-terminal domain of L9 differs by up to 20 Å. In the three most extensive packing interactions, with more than 400 Å2 hidden surface area (Tabl ...
Molecular assembly of the period-cryptochrome circadian
... Life on Earth evolved a self-sustaining molecular timing system that synchronizes cellular activities with the solar day. This endogenous clockwork prepares an organism for periodic environmental fluctuations and coordinates numerous physiological and behavioral processes (Reppert and Weaver, 2002). ...
... Life on Earth evolved a self-sustaining molecular timing system that synchronizes cellular activities with the solar day. This endogenous clockwork prepares an organism for periodic environmental fluctuations and coordinates numerous physiological and behavioral processes (Reppert and Weaver, 2002). ...
Profilin regulates the activity of p42 , a novel Myb
... Profilins, regulators of cytoplasmic actin dynamics, also bind to several nuclear proteins but the significance of these interactions is mostly unclear. Here, we describe a novel Myb-related transcription factor, p42POP, as a new ligand for profilin and show that profilin regulates its activity. p42 ...
... Profilins, regulators of cytoplasmic actin dynamics, also bind to several nuclear proteins but the significance of these interactions is mostly unclear. Here, we describe a novel Myb-related transcription factor, p42POP, as a new ligand for profilin and show that profilin regulates its activity. p42 ...
Structure, mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... The pancreatic islets play a crucial role in glucose homoeostasis by secreting insulin in response to fluctuations in plasma glucose levels. Glycolysis plus mitochondrial metabolism are known to be essential for glucose-induced insulin secretion [28]. It is well established that intracellular ATP is ...
... The pancreatic islets play a crucial role in glucose homoeostasis by secreting insulin in response to fluctuations in plasma glucose levels. Glycolysis plus mitochondrial metabolism are known to be essential for glucose-induced insulin secretion [28]. It is well established that intracellular ATP is ...
Meaningful relationships: the regulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK
... sites whose phosphorylation is required for activation [36]. The other site is tyrosine-341, which is targeted by Src family kinases [37,38]. In addition, abl [39,40] and JAK (Janus kinase) [41,42] family tyrosine kinases also induce Raf-1 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation, but since the phosp ...
... sites whose phosphorylation is required for activation [36]. The other site is tyrosine-341, which is targeted by Src family kinases [37,38]. In addition, abl [39,40] and JAK (Janus kinase) [41,42] family tyrosine kinases also induce Raf-1 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation, but since the phosp ...
Short-term regulation of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase
... dephoshporylated PDHC showed a positive cooperativity of pyruvate binding sites at low substrate concentrations, yet partial phosphorylation of the complex (to 35% reduction of its activity) abolished the cooperativity (Czygier & Strumiło, 1995b). Besides the short-term regulation by the metabolites ...
... dephoshporylated PDHC showed a positive cooperativity of pyruvate binding sites at low substrate concentrations, yet partial phosphorylation of the complex (to 35% reduction of its activity) abolished the cooperativity (Czygier & Strumiło, 1995b). Besides the short-term regulation by the metabolites ...
Protein phosphorylation in chloroplasts – a survey of
... available in PhosphAT, 27 published papers as well as unpublished in-house data from the Schulze laboratory were integrated into one dataset. With this combination, a surprisingly high rate of tyrosine phosphorylation in the entire dataset and in chloroplast proteins was reported, even though the da ...
... available in PhosphAT, 27 published papers as well as unpublished in-house data from the Schulze laboratory were integrated into one dataset. With this combination, a surprisingly high rate of tyrosine phosphorylation in the entire dataset and in chloroplast proteins was reported, even though the da ...
activator protein
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Turnover of protein phosphorylation evolving under
... with its SH2 domain, which closes the kinase into an inactive conformation (Frame, 2002). Because single phosphorylation sites in specific cases play key roles in protein regulation, mutations at these sites may have complex organismal phenotypes. For instance, mutation of Ser47 on the Drosophila cir ...
... with its SH2 domain, which closes the kinase into an inactive conformation (Frame, 2002). Because single phosphorylation sites in specific cases play key roles in protein regulation, mutations at these sites may have complex organismal phenotypes. For instance, mutation of Ser47 on the Drosophila cir ...
Shaping mitotic chromosomes: From classical concepts to molecular
... formation. Consistent with this notion are the findings that mutation of H3S10 to a non-phosphorylatable alanine residue results in chromosome segregation defects in fission yeast and mitotically dividing micronuclei of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila [35, 36]. Simultaneous mutations ...
... formation. Consistent with this notion are the findings that mutation of H3S10 to a non-phosphorylatable alanine residue results in chromosome segregation defects in fission yeast and mitotically dividing micronuclei of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila [35, 36]. Simultaneous mutations ...
The HSP90-SGT1 Chaperone Complex for NLR
... transmembrane domains (13, 16, 131). Conversely, N and Bs4 are soluble and mainly cytoplasmic (20, 101). However, some NLR proteins dynamically change location after recognition of pathogen determinants. For instance, Arabidopsis RRS1 directly recognizes the bacterial effector PopP2 and comigrates w ...
... transmembrane domains (13, 16, 131). Conversely, N and Bs4 are soluble and mainly cytoplasmic (20, 101). However, some NLR proteins dynamically change location after recognition of pathogen determinants. For instance, Arabidopsis RRS1 directly recognizes the bacterial effector PopP2 and comigrates w ...
Calretinin
... EF Hands • The Ca2+ ion binds to the loop connecting the two helices. • In this loop, there are amino acid residues with negatively charged oxygen atoms, which attract the positively charged calcium ion • When Ca2+ enters the cell Calretinin binds about 99% of it. ...
... EF Hands • The Ca2+ ion binds to the loop connecting the two helices. • In this loop, there are amino acid residues with negatively charged oxygen atoms, which attract the positively charged calcium ion • When Ca2+ enters the cell Calretinin binds about 99% of it. ...
CitA (citrate) and DcuS (C 4 -dicarboxylate) sensor kinases in
... by citAGt and by full length citBEc on plasmid, and both genes were under the control of ...
... by citAGt and by full length citBEc on plasmid, and both genes were under the control of ...
Leukaemia Section t(9;14)(p13;q32) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... factors, involved in a multitude of developmental processes. PAX5 was originally identified as a B-cell specific transcription factor (hence its original name, BSAP). Recently it has been shown that PAX5 expression is continuously required in B cell lineage commitment during early B cell development ...
... factors, involved in a multitude of developmental processes. PAX5 was originally identified as a B-cell specific transcription factor (hence its original name, BSAP). Recently it has been shown that PAX5 expression is continuously required in B cell lineage commitment during early B cell development ...
Spore Formation Bacillus subtilis during Compartmentalization of
... of spores by Bacillus subtilis is a primitive system of cell differentiation (Fig. 1), which has become a paradigm for the study of cell differentiation in prokaryotes (59, 183, 228, 231, 281). The spores formed are dormant and show greatly increased resistance to stresses such as heat and noxious c ...
... of spores by Bacillus subtilis is a primitive system of cell differentiation (Fig. 1), which has become a paradigm for the study of cell differentiation in prokaryotes (59, 183, 228, 231, 281). The spores formed are dormant and show greatly increased resistance to stresses such as heat and noxious c ...
GTPase domains ofras p21 oncogene protein and elongation factor
... GTPase domains are functional and structural units employed as molecular switches in a variety of important cellular functions, such as growth control, protein biosynthesis, and membrane traffic. Amino acid sequences of more than 100 members of different subfamilies are known, but crystal structures ...
... GTPase domains are functional and structural units employed as molecular switches in a variety of important cellular functions, such as growth control, protein biosynthesis, and membrane traffic. Amino acid sequences of more than 100 members of different subfamilies are known, but crystal structures ...
S7.Cell Signaling-β-catenin pathway homework
... 1. What are the components of the receptor complex? What is the ligand? The receptor complex is composed of LRP and Fzd. The ligand for Fzd is Wnt. 2. What is the molecular function of β-catenin itself? Apart from its role in adherens junctions, β-catenin is a transcriptional coactivator. β-catenin ...
... 1. What are the components of the receptor complex? What is the ligand? The receptor complex is composed of LRP and Fzd. The ligand for Fzd is Wnt. 2. What is the molecular function of β-catenin itself? Apart from its role in adherens junctions, β-catenin is a transcriptional coactivator. β-catenin ...
Comparison of transcriptional changes to chloroplast and
... nutrient stresses. However, retrograde signaling pathways are capable of distinguishing the source of the perturbation as indicated by a statistical overrepresentation of changes in genes encoding proteins of the affected organelle. Organelle-specific overrepresented functional categories among othe ...
... nutrient stresses. However, retrograde signaling pathways are capable of distinguishing the source of the perturbation as indicated by a statistical overrepresentation of changes in genes encoding proteins of the affected organelle. Organelle-specific overrepresented functional categories among othe ...
Transcriptome Analysis of Proliferating
... rounds the embryo, the peripheral endosperm, which lines the wall of the developing embryo sac, and the chalazal endosperm, which develops adjacent to the vascular connection with the seed parent (BoisnardLorig et al., 2001). Nuclear division continues through a third phase of endosperm development, ...
... rounds the embryo, the peripheral endosperm, which lines the wall of the developing embryo sac, and the chalazal endosperm, which develops adjacent to the vascular connection with the seed parent (BoisnardLorig et al., 2001). Nuclear division continues through a third phase of endosperm development, ...
Ubiquitination and Auxin Signaling: A Degrading Story
... Figure 2. Protein Structures of Aux/IAAs and ARFs. Aux/IAAs and ARFs share homology in their C-terminal domains III and IV, which mediate homodimerization and heterodimerization. Domain III contains a motif that is important for dimerization. Domain II of Aux/IAAs is required for the auxin-regul ...
... Figure 2. Protein Structures of Aux/IAAs and ARFs. Aux/IAAs and ARFs share homology in their C-terminal domains III and IV, which mediate homodimerization and heterodimerization. Domain III contains a motif that is important for dimerization. Domain II of Aux/IAAs is required for the auxin-regul ...
Definition of Early Transcriptional Circuitry Involved
... triple, and quadruple pif mutants and found a striking constitutively photomorphogenic (cop)-like phenotype in rigorously darkgrown seedlings (Leivar et al., 2008b). This finding provides compelling evidence that the PIFs do indeed function to repress photomorphogenesis in the dark in etiolated seed ...
... triple, and quadruple pif mutants and found a striking constitutively photomorphogenic (cop)-like phenotype in rigorously darkgrown seedlings (Leivar et al., 2008b). This finding provides compelling evidence that the PIFs do indeed function to repress photomorphogenesis in the dark in etiolated seed ...
Presentation @3:30pm - Bioinformatics at School of Informatics
... i.e. an amino acid is denoted as either modified or unmodified. In reality, some amino acids are modified under one condition, and return to their initial state when the condition changes. The status of a specific amino acid site with respect to a modification is highly associated with biological fu ...
... i.e. an amino acid is denoted as either modified or unmodified. In reality, some amino acids are modified under one condition, and return to their initial state when the condition changes. The status of a specific amino acid site with respect to a modification is highly associated with biological fu ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nucleosome_1KX5_colour_coded.png?width=300)
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.