![A Patch of Surface-Exposed Residues Mediates](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/021077197_1-514974b341d580d55d4e66f98707a553-300x300.png)
A Patch of Surface-Exposed Residues Mediates
... Protein kinases are frequent points of control in diverse signaling pathways, and their structure and enzymology are well understood (Huse and Kuriyan, 2002). There are four kinase substructures that control ATP binding and orientation, binding of the peptide substrate, and catalytic phosphotransfer ...
... Protein kinases are frequent points of control in diverse signaling pathways, and their structure and enzymology are well understood (Huse and Kuriyan, 2002). There are four kinase substructures that control ATP binding and orientation, binding of the peptide substrate, and catalytic phosphotransfer ...
N-Glycans
... most glycoproteins, additional mannose residues are removed in the cis compartment of the Golgi until Man5GlcNAc2Asn is generated. The mannosidase inhibitor deoxymannojirimycin blocks the removal of these mannose residues. The action of GlcNAcT-1 on Man5GlcNAc2Asn in the medial-Golgi initiates the f ...
... most glycoproteins, additional mannose residues are removed in the cis compartment of the Golgi until Man5GlcNAc2Asn is generated. The mannosidase inhibitor deoxymannojirimycin blocks the removal of these mannose residues. The action of GlcNAcT-1 on Man5GlcNAc2Asn in the medial-Golgi initiates the f ...
Expression of myogenic regulatory factors in the muscle
... program in electrocytes by electrical inactivation is due to an expression pattern of MRFs or their co-regulators that correlates with the level and number of muscle proteins that are up-regulated after ST. We show that both muscle and EO transcribe all four MRFs and that the EO contains higher leve ...
... program in electrocytes by electrical inactivation is due to an expression pattern of MRFs or their co-regulators that correlates with the level and number of muscle proteins that are up-regulated after ST. We show that both muscle and EO transcribe all four MRFs and that the EO contains higher leve ...
TATA BINDING PROTEIN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ... TRANSCRIPTION: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE B-TFIID ACTIVITY
... disease states. This control is exerted at a number of steps along the path from DNAto protein, including the transcription, processing, transport and translation of RNA. Regulation of these steps involves the complicated interplay between nucleic acids and proteins. This thesis describes a biochemi ...
... disease states. This control is exerted at a number of steps along the path from DNAto protein, including the transcription, processing, transport and translation of RNA. Regulation of these steps involves the complicated interplay between nucleic acids and proteins. This thesis describes a biochemi ...
Spt4 modulates Rad26 requirement in transcription
... Rad26-independent TCR, localized in a small region directly downstream of the transcription start site (Tijsterman et al., 1997). This region of Rad26-independent TCR ranges from +1 to about +40 with respect to the transcription start site. Downstream of these sequences, TCR suddenly switches to a R ...
... Rad26-independent TCR, localized in a small region directly downstream of the transcription start site (Tijsterman et al., 1997). This region of Rad26-independent TCR ranges from +1 to about +40 with respect to the transcription start site. Downstream of these sequences, TCR suddenly switches to a R ...
Hsp70 and Hsp90 of E. coli Directly Interact for Collaboration in
... of Hsp90. For example, Hop/Sti1 interacts simultaneously with Hsp70 and Hsp90 through its multiple tetratricopeptide repeat domains and facilitates substrate transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90 by stabilizing the open conformation of Hsp90 [18,19]. The bacterial homolog of Hsp90 in Escherichia coli, the pr ...
... of Hsp90. For example, Hop/Sti1 interacts simultaneously with Hsp70 and Hsp90 through its multiple tetratricopeptide repeat domains and facilitates substrate transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90 by stabilizing the open conformation of Hsp90 [18,19]. The bacterial homolog of Hsp90 in Escherichia coli, the pr ...
Molecular mechanisms of complement evasion: learning from
... CCP6–CCP8 and by the C-terminal domains CCP19–CCP20 (these C-terminal domains form a ternary complex with both surface glycans and the TED domain of C3b)46,47. Domains CCP1–CCP4 harbour the functional activity of factor H48. The structure of C3b in complex with CCP1–CCP4 of factor H shows that the C ...
... CCP6–CCP8 and by the C-terminal domains CCP19–CCP20 (these C-terminal domains form a ternary complex with both surface glycans and the TED domain of C3b)46,47. Domains CCP1–CCP4 harbour the functional activity of factor H48. The structure of C3b in complex with CCP1–CCP4 of factor H shows that the C ...
Structure of Mammalian AMPK and its regulation by ADP
... a central control point in maintaining energy homeostasis. recent evidence has shown that AMPK activity can also be regulated by physiological stimuli, independent of the energy charge of the cell, including hormones and nutrients. ...
... a central control point in maintaining energy homeostasis. recent evidence has shown that AMPK activity can also be regulated by physiological stimuli, independent of the energy charge of the cell, including hormones and nutrients. ...
Targeting of A. thaliana KNL2 to centromeres
... KNL2 (KINETOCHORE NULL 2) is involved in recognition of centromeres and in centromeric localization of the centromere-specific histone cenH3. Our study revealed a cenH3 nucleosomebinding CENPC-k motif at the C-terminus of Arabidopsis thaliana KNL2, which is conserved among a wide spectrum of eukaryo ...
... KNL2 (KINETOCHORE NULL 2) is involved in recognition of centromeres and in centromeric localization of the centromere-specific histone cenH3. Our study revealed a cenH3 nucleosomebinding CENPC-k motif at the C-terminus of Arabidopsis thaliana KNL2, which is conserved among a wide spectrum of eukaryo ...
The proposed channel-enzyme transient receptor potential
... eLife digest Ion channels are proteins that allow specific charged particles to move across the membranes of cells – for example to travel in or out of a cell, or between different parts of the same cell. Almost all ion channels are gated, meaning that they can open and close in response to differen ...
... eLife digest Ion channels are proteins that allow specific charged particles to move across the membranes of cells – for example to travel in or out of a cell, or between different parts of the same cell. Almost all ion channels are gated, meaning that they can open and close in response to differen ...
Synthetic Plant Promoters Containing Defined
... background expression was apparent. This finding suggests that the process of injecting liquid into the leaf is itself a sufficient abiotic stress to induce high-level expression of 4 GCC. Closer inspection of plants containing other synthetic promoters (most notably, 4 W2, 4 Gst1, and 4 W1) ...
... background expression was apparent. This finding suggests that the process of injecting liquid into the leaf is itself a sufficient abiotic stress to induce high-level expression of 4 GCC. Closer inspection of plants containing other synthetic promoters (most notably, 4 W2, 4 Gst1, and 4 W1) ...
Synthetic Plant Promoters Containing Defined Regulatory Elements
... the extent of differentiation of the fungus. This is illustrated in Figure 5B, where at one infection site, haustorium initial formation has triggered cell death. Here, a larger number of cells show activation of the promoter, and levels of expression are higher than in the two other infection attem ...
... the extent of differentiation of the fungus. This is illustrated in Figure 5B, where at one infection site, haustorium initial formation has triggered cell death. Here, a larger number of cells show activation of the promoter, and levels of expression are higher than in the two other infection attem ...
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... Keynes, 1989). The gene regulatory network underlying hindbrain segmentation includes several transcription factor genes that show spatially restricted patterns of expression along the AP axis, with limits corresponding to prospective or established boundaries between adjacent rhombomeres (Lumsden a ...
... Keynes, 1989). The gene regulatory network underlying hindbrain segmentation includes several transcription factor genes that show spatially restricted patterns of expression along the AP axis, with limits corresponding to prospective or established boundaries between adjacent rhombomeres (Lumsden a ...
Fulllength archaeal Rad51 structure and
... structure of the full-length RAD51 homolog from Pyrococcus furiosus. The structure reveals how RAD51 proteins assemble into inactive heptameric rings and active DNA-bound ®laments matching three-dimensional electron microscopy reconstructions. A polymerization motif (RAD51-PM) tethers individual sub ...
... structure of the full-length RAD51 homolog from Pyrococcus furiosus. The structure reveals how RAD51 proteins assemble into inactive heptameric rings and active DNA-bound ®laments matching three-dimensional electron microscopy reconstructions. A polymerization motif (RAD51-PM) tethers individual sub ...
Genetic Dissection of Chloroplast Biogenesis and
... reduced compared with wild type as measured by reduced seed set. Since all of the SCO genes identified to date are unique and not only expressed in cotyledons but through the entire plant, we have to assume that there is no redundancy with other members of the gene family. Furthermore, the different ...
... reduced compared with wild type as measured by reduced seed set. Since all of the SCO genes identified to date are unique and not only expressed in cotyledons but through the entire plant, we have to assume that there is no redundancy with other members of the gene family. Furthermore, the different ...
Drosophila
... Hox genes encode a family of transcription factors that are key developmental regulators with a highly conserved role in specifying segmental diversity along the metazoan body axis. Although they have been shown to regulate a wide variety of downstream processes, direct transcriptional targets have ...
... Hox genes encode a family of transcription factors that are key developmental regulators with a highly conserved role in specifying segmental diversity along the metazoan body axis. Although they have been shown to regulate a wide variety of downstream processes, direct transcriptional targets have ...
NPR1: the spider in the web of induced resistance signaling pathways
... Effects of biologically induced systemic defense responses on pathogen and insect resistance. (a) Pathogen-induced SAR in tobacco against TMV. Inoculation of tobacco cv. Samsun NN with TMV induces the formation of lesions as a result of a hypersensitive response (lower panel). A signal is generated ...
... Effects of biologically induced systemic defense responses on pathogen and insect resistance. (a) Pathogen-induced SAR in tobacco against TMV. Inoculation of tobacco cv. Samsun NN with TMV induces the formation of lesions as a result of a hypersensitive response (lower panel). A signal is generated ...
PKC in limb development
... Biochemical binding data demonstrate that RACK1 binds and stabilizes activated PKC (Ron et al., 1994; Rotenberg and Sun, 1998). RACK1 has particularly high affinity for PKCα and PKCβ; therefore, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether the activated form of PKC was also expressed in RACK1-positiv ...
... Biochemical binding data demonstrate that RACK1 binds and stabilizes activated PKC (Ron et al., 1994; Rotenberg and Sun, 1998). RACK1 has particularly high affinity for PKCα and PKCβ; therefore, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether the activated form of PKC was also expressed in RACK1-positiv ...
Expanding roles of protein kinase CK2 in regulating plant growth
... pathways, a central oscillator, and output pathways. Light and temperature act as inputs to entrain the central oscillator composed of positive and negative factors in an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. The entrainment of the endogenous clock helps synchronize robust rhythms against daily flu ...
... pathways, a central oscillator, and output pathways. Light and temperature act as inputs to entrain the central oscillator composed of positive and negative factors in an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. The entrainment of the endogenous clock helps synchronize robust rhythms against daily flu ...
XBF-2 is a transcriptional repressor that converts ectoderm into
... (Witta et al., 1995). Genes that may also contribute to neural fates include Sox2, which is expressed throughout the neural plate and predisposes cells to respond to signals such as FGF (Mizuseki et al., 1998a) and the more potent neuralizing agent SoxD, which can induce ectopic neural and neuronal ...
... (Witta et al., 1995). Genes that may also contribute to neural fates include Sox2, which is expressed throughout the neural plate and predisposes cells to respond to signals such as FGF (Mizuseki et al., 1998a) and the more potent neuralizing agent SoxD, which can induce ectopic neural and neuronal ...
Tamberg_BiolOpen2015 - Pitt Hopkins Research Foundation
... for example in the mesoderm and muscle development (Castanon et al., 2001; Gonzalez-Crespo and Levine, 1993; Wong et al., 2008). Subsequently, we repeated the rescue experiment with Dawt under ubiquitous daG32-GAL4 in da null background that led to embryonic lethality (Giebel et al., 1997; Smith and ...
... for example in the mesoderm and muscle development (Castanon et al., 2001; Gonzalez-Crespo and Levine, 1993; Wong et al., 2008). Subsequently, we repeated the rescue experiment with Dawt under ubiquitous daG32-GAL4 in da null background that led to embryonic lethality (Giebel et al., 1997; Smith and ...
BTK, THE TYROSINE KINASE AFFECTED IN X-LINKED
... number of signaling and cytoskeletal proteins including protein kinases and their substrates, phospholipase C, GTPase activating proteins, guanine nucleotide releasing factors, and adaptor proteins (7379). The Tec family kinases are the only PTKs which contain a PH domain. The 3D structure has been ...
... number of signaling and cytoskeletal proteins including protein kinases and their substrates, phospholipase C, GTPase activating proteins, guanine nucleotide releasing factors, and adaptor proteins (7379). The Tec family kinases are the only PTKs which contain a PH domain. The 3D structure has been ...
Modification-specific proteomics: Strategies for characterization of
... for identifying candidate substrate proteins for certain types of PTM, such as tyrosine phosphorylation. However, the small size of the structural motifs of other common PTMs (for example, protein methylation and acetylation) makes it difficult to generate pan-specific antibodies, which recognize PT ...
... for identifying candidate substrate proteins for certain types of PTM, such as tyrosine phosphorylation. However, the small size of the structural motifs of other common PTMs (for example, protein methylation and acetylation) makes it difficult to generate pan-specific antibodies, which recognize PT ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan
... In 1999, yeast Sir2 was found to have ADP-ribosyltransferase activity that required NAD+ as a cofactor (Tanny et al., 1999). This may be a major activity of Sir2 homologues in other organisms, such as TbSIR2RP1 in Trypanosoma brucei, and this activity may have a role in DNA repair in yeast (Garcia-S ...
... In 1999, yeast Sir2 was found to have ADP-ribosyltransferase activity that required NAD+ as a cofactor (Tanny et al., 1999). This may be a major activity of Sir2 homologues in other organisms, such as TbSIR2RP1 in Trypanosoma brucei, and this activity may have a role in DNA repair in yeast (Garcia-S ...
A CBS domain-containing pyrophosphatase of Moorella
... characterized. CBS domains, originally found in cystathionine βsynthase [15], are widely distributed among proteins in all three kingdoms of life, but their roles are not well understood [16,17]. In some cases, CBS domains are potential targets for regulation by adenosine derivatives [16–21]. Import ...
... characterized. CBS domains, originally found in cystathionine βsynthase [15], are widely distributed among proteins in all three kingdoms of life, but their roles are not well understood [16,17]. In some cases, CBS domains are potential targets for regulation by adenosine derivatives [16–21]. Import ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nucleosome_1KX5_colour_coded.png?width=300)
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.