structure-function analysis of the drosophila stubble type ii
... model systems. Although these systems are more amenable to genetic manipulation than humans themselves, they have significant limitations. Studies in cell culture suffer from the disadvantage that cells are usually not observed in a natural context with cell-cell adhesion contacts maintained. The ex ...
... model systems. Although these systems are more amenable to genetic manipulation than humans themselves, they have significant limitations. Studies in cell culture suffer from the disadvantage that cells are usually not observed in a natural context with cell-cell adhesion contacts maintained. The ex ...
The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy
... involved in disuse atrophy, and our laboratory (47) found no difference in TNF-␣ protein levels in unloaded muscle. However, there is significant literature on the role of cytokines in cachexia showing that TNF-␣ and other cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6 are increased in these conditions (reviewed i ...
... involved in disuse atrophy, and our laboratory (47) found no difference in TNF-␣ protein levels in unloaded muscle. However, there is significant literature on the role of cytokines in cachexia showing that TNF-␣ and other cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6 are increased in these conditions (reviewed i ...
An efficient acetylation of dextran using in situ activated acetic
... MUHAMMAD SHER1, MUHAMMAD N. HASSAN1 and ZAKIA AFZAL1 ...
... MUHAMMAD SHER1, MUHAMMAD N. HASSAN1 and ZAKIA AFZAL1 ...
ERRATUM
... in Evolution & Development 14:2, 178–195 (2012), Figure 2 has been incorrectly set in portrait for print. The figure is now printed in landscape on the next page. Fig. 2. (A) Diagrammatic representation based on the protein sequence alignments of Wnt2, Wnt5, Wnt7, and Wnt8 paralogue proteins from ch ...
... in Evolution & Development 14:2, 178–195 (2012), Figure 2 has been incorrectly set in portrait for print. The figure is now printed in landscape on the next page. Fig. 2. (A) Diagrammatic representation based on the protein sequence alignments of Wnt2, Wnt5, Wnt7, and Wnt8 paralogue proteins from ch ...
A model for regulation of mammalian ribosomal DNA transcription
... and transcript from the template, fT1, and another factor that stimulates transcription initiation at the promoter, fT2. We assume that in the presence of fT1, fT2 suppresses pol I release so permitting the pol I to traverse NTS beyond the terminator, regardless of NTS transcription. In the absence ...
... and transcript from the template, fT1, and another factor that stimulates transcription initiation at the promoter, fT2. We assume that in the presence of fT1, fT2 suppresses pol I release so permitting the pol I to traverse NTS beyond the terminator, regardless of NTS transcription. In the absence ...
Definition of a p53 transactivation function-deficient mutant
... The 12 residue overlap between the end of subdomain 2 and the start of the so-called prolinerich domain which has been localized between residues 62 and 91 (Walker and Levine, 1996) raises the question of possible functional interdependence between the two regions. In fact, these domains seem to be ...
... The 12 residue overlap between the end of subdomain 2 and the start of the so-called prolinerich domain which has been localized between residues 62 and 91 (Walker and Levine, 1996) raises the question of possible functional interdependence between the two regions. In fact, these domains seem to be ...
Fern Gametophytes Grown under Different Light Spectra 1
... To specifically identify Rubisco LSUs and SSUs in the R-, B-, and W-gametophytes, equal amounts of protein extracts were separated on SDS-PAGE gels. Thereafter the gels were blotted onto nitrocellulose filters and probed with polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against either SDS-treated spinach ...
... To specifically identify Rubisco LSUs and SSUs in the R-, B-, and W-gametophytes, equal amounts of protein extracts were separated on SDS-PAGE gels. Thereafter the gels were blotted onto nitrocellulose filters and probed with polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against either SDS-treated spinach ...
Alfred G. Gilman - Nobel Lecture
... implying that distinct receptors could interact with a common pool of adenylyl cyclase (4). The issue was resolved definitively in the 1970’s with the advent of ligand binding assays for receptors. Receptors could finally be examined by methods that did not rely on detection of a functional response ...
... implying that distinct receptors could interact with a common pool of adenylyl cyclase (4). The issue was resolved definitively in the 1970’s with the advent of ligand binding assays for receptors. Receptors could finally be examined by methods that did not rely on detection of a functional response ...
Use of a Sec signal peptide library from Bacillus subtilis for the
... Background: Technical bulk enzymes represent a huge market, and the extracellular production of such enzymes is favorable due to lowered cost for product recovery. Protein secretion can be achieved via general secretion (Sec) pathway. Specific sequences, signal peptides (SPs), are necessary to dire ...
... Background: Technical bulk enzymes represent a huge market, and the extracellular production of such enzymes is favorable due to lowered cost for product recovery. Protein secretion can be achieved via general secretion (Sec) pathway. Specific sequences, signal peptides (SPs), are necessary to dire ...
CONDENSIN AND COHESIN: MORE THAN CHROMOSOME
... that modulate gene output can operate globally at a chromosome-wide level, regionally over a subchromosomal domain or locally on an individual gene. Cis-regulatory DNA elements, such as enhancers, silencers and insulators, mediate these levels of gene regulation by recruiting trans-acting factors th ...
... that modulate gene output can operate globally at a chromosome-wide level, regionally over a subchromosomal domain or locally on an individual gene. Cis-regulatory DNA elements, such as enhancers, silencers and insulators, mediate these levels of gene regulation by recruiting trans-acting factors th ...
REVIEWS
... region-1’ from protein kinase C (PKC), and were identified almost 20 years ago as the binding sites that are responsible for PKC activation by phorbol esters and DAG8. They are zinc-finger domains of ~50 amino acids that contain the signature motif HX12CX2CX13–14 CX2CX4HX2CX7C (in which C is cystein ...
... region-1’ from protein kinase C (PKC), and were identified almost 20 years ago as the binding sites that are responsible for PKC activation by phorbol esters and DAG8. They are zinc-finger domains of ~50 amino acids that contain the signature motif HX12CX2CX13–14 CX2CX4HX2CX7C (in which C is cystein ...
Recombinant Cellulase and Cellulosome Systems
... Hydrolysis of cellulose polymer molecules to liberate the readily fermentable glucose they contain is a necessary step in their use as feedstock by fermenting organisms. The hydrolysis of cellulose is typically carried out by glycoside hydrolase enzymes termed cellulases, and produced by specialist ...
... Hydrolysis of cellulose polymer molecules to liberate the readily fermentable glucose they contain is a necessary step in their use as feedstock by fermenting organisms. The hydrolysis of cellulose is typically carried out by glycoside hydrolase enzymes termed cellulases, and produced by specialist ...
Non-coding RNAs - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... Figure 2 | Biogenesis of Sm-class small nuclear RNPs. The life-cycle of Sm-class small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) includes both nuclear and cytoplasmic phases. Following transcription by a specialized form of RNA polymerase II, pre-snRNA transcripts are exported to the cytoplasm, with a pot ...
... Figure 2 | Biogenesis of Sm-class small nuclear RNPs. The life-cycle of Sm-class small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) includes both nuclear and cytoplasmic phases. Following transcription by a specialized form of RNA polymerase II, pre-snRNA transcripts are exported to the cytoplasm, with a pot ...
Control Bacterial Quorum Sensing: Its Role in Virulence and
... enterotoxins, superantigens, and urease (SaidSalim et al. 2003; Geisinger et al. 2006). The net result of this QS regulatory cascade is downregulation of surface virulence factors (such as protein A), and up-regulation of secreted virulence factors (such as a-toxin). Most of the effects of QS on reg ...
... enterotoxins, superantigens, and urease (SaidSalim et al. 2003; Geisinger et al. 2006). The net result of this QS regulatory cascade is downregulation of surface virulence factors (such as protein A), and up-regulation of secreted virulence factors (such as a-toxin). Most of the effects of QS on reg ...
Transcriptional regulation of mammalian autophagy at a glance
... referred to as p53) has been described to inhibit mTORC1 and thus to activate autophagy, several studies have shown that cytoplasmic p53 is a potent inhibitor of autophagy. The mechanisms for this inhibition are largely unknown (Green and Kroemer, 2009); however, post-transcriptional downregulation ...
... referred to as p53) has been described to inhibit mTORC1 and thus to activate autophagy, several studies have shown that cytoplasmic p53 is a potent inhibitor of autophagy. The mechanisms for this inhibition are largely unknown (Green and Kroemer, 2009); however, post-transcriptional downregulation ...
![Basic region of residues 228-231 of protein kinase CK1[alpha] is](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015745345_1-81da768c37e720623b4b1898472e2f2e-300x300.png)
Basic region of residues 228-231 of protein kinase CK1[alpha] is
... functions [Rowles et al., 1991; Tapia et al., 1994; Fish et al., 1995]. Some isoforms, such as CK1a, have several splicing variants that have different biochemical and cellular properties [Burzio et al., 2002]. In this article, results are presented which demonstrate that a basic lysine-rich region ...
... functions [Rowles et al., 1991; Tapia et al., 1994; Fish et al., 1995]. Some isoforms, such as CK1a, have several splicing variants that have different biochemical and cellular properties [Burzio et al., 2002]. In this article, results are presented which demonstrate that a basic lysine-rich region ...
Full-Text PDF
... autoinhibitory interaction between the C-terminus and the kinase domain, thereby activating ROCK. Proteolytic cleavage of ROCK by caspases or granzyme B can generate a constitutively active kinase through the removal of the autoinhibitory region. Although less understood, some studies report that RO ...
... autoinhibitory interaction between the C-terminus and the kinase domain, thereby activating ROCK. Proteolytic cleavage of ROCK by caspases or granzyme B can generate a constitutively active kinase through the removal of the autoinhibitory region. Although less understood, some studies report that RO ...
The Role of PME-1 in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications
... of PP2A) and PME-1 (protein phosphatase methylesterase 1) in the remaining majority of cases (Haesen et al, 2012; Westermarck & Hahn, 2008). PP2A is a trimeric enzyme that comprises of a catalytic (C), a scaffolding (A), and a regulatory (B) subunit. More than twenty different B-subunits are known w ...
... of PP2A) and PME-1 (protein phosphatase methylesterase 1) in the remaining majority of cases (Haesen et al, 2012; Westermarck & Hahn, 2008). PP2A is a trimeric enzyme that comprises of a catalytic (C), a scaffolding (A), and a regulatory (B) subunit. More than twenty different B-subunits are known w ...
Classification of Structural Protein Domain Based on Hidden Markov
... sequences. Then, they fed their classifier (random forest) with extracted features. They have achieved an impressive classification rate that is above 90% when using trigrams for classification. Similar scores in predicting PDZ domain interactions were achieved. Since the dataset which used in the e ...
... sequences. Then, they fed their classifier (random forest) with extracted features. They have achieved an impressive classification rate that is above 90% when using trigrams for classification. Similar scores in predicting PDZ domain interactions were achieved. Since the dataset which used in the e ...
Analysis of Transcription Activation Distance as a Polygenic Trait in
... Thomas and Chiang, 2006). Co-activators are generally recruited to the promoter through an interaction with the activation domain of activators. Co-activators can function by bridging the signal from activators to RNA polymerase II or other components of the general initiation machinery, or by chro ...
... Thomas and Chiang, 2006). Co-activators are generally recruited to the promoter through an interaction with the activation domain of activators. Co-activators can function by bridging the signal from activators to RNA polymerase II or other components of the general initiation machinery, or by chro ...
Functions of the cytoplasmic domain of the βPS
... (4) Four highly conserved amino acid residues found in the N-terminal portion of the cytoplasmic tail are important but not critical for the developmental functions of βPS; furthermore, the efficiencies with which these mutant proteins function during different morphogenetic processes vary greatly, ...
... (4) Four highly conserved amino acid residues found in the N-terminal portion of the cytoplasmic tail are important but not critical for the developmental functions of βPS; furthermore, the efficiencies with which these mutant proteins function during different morphogenetic processes vary greatly, ...
Activation of DREAM (Downstream Regulatory
... as well as FosB and dynorphin-B expression mediated by dopamine D1 receptor stimulation in the development of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA)–induced dyskinesia. The magnitude of these molecular changes correlates with the intensity of dyskinesias. The calcium-binding protein downstream regul ...
... as well as FosB and dynorphin-B expression mediated by dopamine D1 receptor stimulation in the development of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA)–induced dyskinesia. The magnitude of these molecular changes correlates with the intensity of dyskinesias. The calcium-binding protein downstream regul ...
Dally cooperates with Drosophila Frizzled 2 to transduce Wingless
... 12. Kennerdell, J. R. & Carthew, R. W. Use of dsRNA-mediated genetic interference to demonstrate that frizzled and frizzled 2 act in the wingless pathway. Cell 95, 1017±1026 (1998). 13. Zhang, J. & Carthew, R. W. Interactions between Wingless and DFz2 during Drosophila wing ...
... 12. Kennerdell, J. R. & Carthew, R. W. Use of dsRNA-mediated genetic interference to demonstrate that frizzled and frizzled 2 act in the wingless pathway. Cell 95, 1017±1026 (1998). 13. Zhang, J. & Carthew, R. W. Interactions between Wingless and DFz2 during Drosophila wing ...
A differential response element for the homeotics at the Antennapedia P1 promoter of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 7420-7424 .pdf
... aspects of morphology in the different segments. In certain cells and tissues different homeotics even have identical functions. For example, Ubx and abd-A each suppress the formation of sensory structures called Keilin's organs in their respective domains of expression (1). But these regulators are ...
... aspects of morphology in the different segments. In certain cells and tissues different homeotics even have identical functions. For example, Ubx and abd-A each suppress the formation of sensory structures called Keilin's organs in their respective domains of expression (1). But these regulators are ...
Solubility of recombinant Src homology 2 domains expressed in E
... by TANGO, we generated TFV → GYT and FV → YT mutants of the TSAd-90-188-PHRD and TSAd-90-188-PAAS constructs, and compared their expression to that of the ALX SH2 domain. These constructs were chosen, as they contained the shortest flanking sequences compared to the original TSAd 1-TD construct, and ...
... by TANGO, we generated TFV → GYT and FV → YT mutants of the TSAd-90-188-PHRD and TSAd-90-188-PAAS constructs, and compared their expression to that of the ALX SH2 domain. These constructs were chosen, as they contained the shortest flanking sequences compared to the original TSAd 1-TD construct, and ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.