Towards evolving a better repressor
... signaling inside the cell. For organisms to successfully regulate various cellular processes, each process must contain regulatory components specific for that pathway. In addition to specificity, the affinity between the repressor and its operator is also important. This affinity must be sufficient ...
... signaling inside the cell. For organisms to successfully regulate various cellular processes, each process must contain regulatory components specific for that pathway. In addition to specificity, the affinity between the repressor and its operator is also important. This affinity must be sufficient ...
DOMAIN-BASED APPROACHES TO
... integrated into networks, which shows the interactions among its components. In addition to its core functionality, Cytoscape is extensible through a plug-in manner, allowing versatile developments of additional computational analyses and features. ...
... integrated into networks, which shows the interactions among its components. In addition to its core functionality, Cytoscape is extensible through a plug-in manner, allowing versatile developments of additional computational analyses and features. ...
The bHLH Class Protein pMesogenin1 Can Specify Paraxial
... sequence organization is shared between them but differs with other relatives. The pMesogenin1 bHLH domains are positioned only a few residues from their carboxy termini, whereas in all MesP1/2 family members the bHLH domain is located either in the middle or more toward the amino terminal of the pr ...
... sequence organization is shared between them but differs with other relatives. The pMesogenin1 bHLH domains are positioned only a few residues from their carboxy termini, whereas in all MesP1/2 family members the bHLH domain is located either in the middle or more toward the amino terminal of the pr ...
Centromere Stability: The Replication Connection
... clr4∆ affect other heterochromatin domains in the cell, chp1∆ phenotypes appear centromere-specific, although the protein is associated with other regions Figure 1 [79,80]. 3.2. Early Replication in the Centromere The pericentromere contains numerous replication origins, which overlap with the trans ...
... clr4∆ affect other heterochromatin domains in the cell, chp1∆ phenotypes appear centromere-specific, although the protein is associated with other regions Figure 1 [79,80]. 3.2. Early Replication in the Centromere The pericentromere contains numerous replication origins, which overlap with the trans ...
SERCA pump level is a critical determinant of Ca2+ homeostasis
... by >35%, PLB protein levels are decreased by >40%. It seems possible that a cross-talk exists between these two proteins to maintain a constant PLB:SERCA2a ratio. Similarly, in mice ectopically expressing SERCA1a in the heart (total SERCA level 2.5-fold) the PLB protein levels were decreased by >50% ...
... by >35%, PLB protein levels are decreased by >40%. It seems possible that a cross-talk exists between these two proteins to maintain a constant PLB:SERCA2a ratio. Similarly, in mice ectopically expressing SERCA1a in the heart (total SERCA level 2.5-fold) the PLB protein levels were decreased by >50% ...
The contribution of the Trp/Met/Phe residues to physical interactions
... binding domain (CBD) and a p53 homotetramer. In more than 50% of all human cancers, there is a loss of p53 function by mutations that affect the DNA-binding motif, the CBD folding stability or the oligomerization state. The inter- and intra-domain interactions of p53 are critical for its association ...
... binding domain (CBD) and a p53 homotetramer. In more than 50% of all human cancers, there is a loss of p53 function by mutations that affect the DNA-binding motif, the CBD folding stability or the oligomerization state. The inter- and intra-domain interactions of p53 are critical for its association ...
Single Processing Center Models for Human Dicer and Bacterial
... tially cleaves off siRNAs from the termini of dsRNA substrates (Zhang et al., 2002). We took advantage of this observation to map cleavage sites introduced by the wt and mutant proteins in the 30 bp substrate. The 30 bp dsRNA can be cleaved by Dicer only once yielding the ⵑ21 nt siRNA-like products ...
... tially cleaves off siRNAs from the termini of dsRNA substrates (Zhang et al., 2002). We took advantage of this observation to map cleavage sites introduced by the wt and mutant proteins in the 30 bp substrate. The 30 bp dsRNA can be cleaved by Dicer only once yielding the ⵑ21 nt siRNA-like products ...
University of Groningen Cross-linking of dimeric CitS and GltS
... and includes the Ion Transporter (IT) superfamily ...
... and includes the Ion Transporter (IT) superfamily ...
A processed form of the Spätzle protein defines dorsal
... Fig. 1. Rescue of dorsal-ventral pattern elements by perivitelline injection of polarizing activity. Cuticular patterns of uninjected (A,B) and injected (C) embryos and gastrulation patterns of uninjected (D,E) and injected (F,G) embryos. All embryos are shown dorsal side up, anterior to the left. T ...
... Fig. 1. Rescue of dorsal-ventral pattern elements by perivitelline injection of polarizing activity. Cuticular patterns of uninjected (A,B) and injected (C) embryos and gastrulation patterns of uninjected (D,E) and injected (F,G) embryos. All embryos are shown dorsal side up, anterior to the left. T ...
VegT initiates endoderm formation
... 1999b). The region constituting the organizer overlaps a portion of anterior endomesoderm and is where organizer genes such as Xlim1, a gene encoding a LIM class homeodomain protein, are expressed (Taira et al., 1992). The gene encoding the transcription factor Xlhbox8 (Wright et al., 1988) shows re ...
... 1999b). The region constituting the organizer overlaps a portion of anterior endomesoderm and is where organizer genes such as Xlim1, a gene encoding a LIM class homeodomain protein, are expressed (Taira et al., 1992). The gene encoding the transcription factor Xlhbox8 (Wright et al., 1988) shows re ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... Reciprocal signaling cues between the pluripotent epiblast and adjacent tissues, namely the extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE) and visceral endoderm (VE), precisely co-ordinate cell fate decisions during gastrulation. Nodal/Smad signals from the epiblast are required for specification of the AVE, a disc ...
... Reciprocal signaling cues between the pluripotent epiblast and adjacent tissues, namely the extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE) and visceral endoderm (VE), precisely co-ordinate cell fate decisions during gastrulation. Nodal/Smad signals from the epiblast are required for specification of the AVE, a disc ...
Protein stabilization: a common consequence of mutations
... Myc, originally identi®ed as the transforming component of avian leukosis virus, MC29, functions as a sequence speci®c nuclear transcription factor, working in association with its obligate partner, Max. Both dimerization with Max through the C-terminal helix ± loop ± helix/leucine zipper (HLH-LZ) d ...
... Myc, originally identi®ed as the transforming component of avian leukosis virus, MC29, functions as a sequence speci®c nuclear transcription factor, working in association with its obligate partner, Max. Both dimerization with Max through the C-terminal helix ± loop ± helix/leucine zipper (HLH-LZ) d ...
Human Cardiac Troponin Complex. Structure and Functions
... [60, 62]. By means of dot blotting [63] and NMR [62, 6466], it was shown that residues 19-33 of the N-terminal domain of dephosphorylated TnI are able to interact with the N-terminal globule of TnC (Fig. 1a) [63, 65]. Phosphorylation of S23 and S24 leads to the formation of a new α-helix motif forme ...
... [60, 62]. By means of dot blotting [63] and NMR [62, 6466], it was shown that residues 19-33 of the N-terminal domain of dephosphorylated TnI are able to interact with the N-terminal globule of TnC (Fig. 1a) [63, 65]. Phosphorylation of S23 and S24 leads to the formation of a new α-helix motif forme ...
Comparison of the activities of protein disulphide
... The assay for PDI concentration used Coomassie Blue reagent (Sedmak & Grossberg, 1977) and for thioredoxin used Folin's reagent (Lowry et al., 1951). Both methods used BSA as the standard protein. Assay of PDI activity The assay of PDI activity followed the procedure of Lambert & Freedman (1983b), i ...
... The assay for PDI concentration used Coomassie Blue reagent (Sedmak & Grossberg, 1977) and for thioredoxin used Folin's reagent (Lowry et al., 1951). Both methods used BSA as the standard protein. Assay of PDI activity The assay of PDI activity followed the procedure of Lambert & Freedman (1983b), i ...
Tyr130 phosphorylation triggers Syk release
... ultracentrifugation and theoretical hydrodynamic calculations conducted on a 28-kDa Syk construct comprising the two SH2 domains plus interdomain A (tSH2) and on the same construct with the substitution Y130E to mimic phosphorylation (tSH2pm). Glutamic acid substitution of tyrosine is commonly used ...
... ultracentrifugation and theoretical hydrodynamic calculations conducted on a 28-kDa Syk construct comprising the two SH2 domains plus interdomain A (tSH2) and on the same construct with the substitution Y130E to mimic phosphorylation (tSH2pm). Glutamic acid substitution of tyrosine is commonly used ...
INTEINS: Structure, Function, and Evolution
... Among other data it lists the inteins’ sequences, conserved motifs, host organisms, and host proteins. More than 130 inteins are known in 34 different types of proteins (68, 76, 77). The inteins are between 134 and 608 amino acids long, and they are found in members of all three domains of life: Euk ...
... Among other data it lists the inteins’ sequences, conserved motifs, host organisms, and host proteins. More than 130 inteins are known in 34 different types of proteins (68, 76, 77). The inteins are between 134 and 608 amino acids long, and they are found in members of all three domains of life: Euk ...
Factor of Transcription by Upstream Binding CAST/hPAF49 Has a
... PAF53 (UltimatORF clone IOH27877; Invitrogen) and human CAST/hPAF49 were cloned in pBAD-DEST49 Gateway vector (Invitrogen). Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 cells (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (a 0.02% final concentration of arabinose was used for inducti ...
... PAF53 (UltimatORF clone IOH27877; Invitrogen) and human CAST/hPAF49 were cloned in pBAD-DEST49 Gateway vector (Invitrogen). Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 cells (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (a 0.02% final concentration of arabinose was used for inducti ...
Functional ultrastructure of the plant nucleolus
... RNA polymerase I transcription at least in animals (Grummt 2003). Before rDNA transcription starts, the formation of preinitiation complex (PIC) is required on the promoter sequence of r-gene. In animals, this complex consists of two main elements, an upstream binding factor (UBF) and a selectivity ...
... RNA polymerase I transcription at least in animals (Grummt 2003). Before rDNA transcription starts, the formation of preinitiation complex (PIC) is required on the promoter sequence of r-gene. In animals, this complex consists of two main elements, an upstream binding factor (UBF) and a selectivity ...
multiple novel factors regulate the initiation of dna
... V. DUE-B is phosphorylated by CK2 ....................................................................................................158 rDUE-BHeLa and rDUE-BSf9 are differentially phosphorylated ..........................................................158 CK2 phosphorylates DUE-B in vitro........ ...
... V. DUE-B is phosphorylated by CK2 ....................................................................................................158 rDUE-BHeLa and rDUE-BSf9 are differentially phosphorylated ..........................................................158 CK2 phosphorylates DUE-B in vitro........ ...
RNA Polymerase I-Specific Subunit CAST/hPAF49 Has a Role in the
... PAF53 (UltimatORF clone IOH27877; Invitrogen) and human CAST/hPAF49 were cloned in pBAD-DEST49 Gateway vector (Invitrogen). Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 cells (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (a 0.02% final concentration of arabinose was used for inducti ...
... PAF53 (UltimatORF clone IOH27877; Invitrogen) and human CAST/hPAF49 were cloned in pBAD-DEST49 Gateway vector (Invitrogen). Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli TOP10 cells (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (a 0.02% final concentration of arabinose was used for inducti ...
The Epigenetic Pathways to Ribosomal DNA Silencing
... of the yeast rRNA gene is derived from data reported under GenBank accession no. U53879, and graphics of human rRNA and mouse genes are derived from data reported under accession no. U13369 and BK000964, respectively. A graphic of the Arabidopsis rRNA gene is shown, as reported previously (11, 13, 1 ...
... of the yeast rRNA gene is derived from data reported under GenBank accession no. U53879, and graphics of human rRNA and mouse genes are derived from data reported under accession no. U13369 and BK000964, respectively. A graphic of the Arabidopsis rRNA gene is shown, as reported previously (11, 13, 1 ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... Table of Contents...........................................................................................................v List of Tables .............................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................ ...
... Table of Contents...........................................................................................................v List of Tables .............................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................ ...
Development and evaluation of a reporter system for
... Reporter genes are commonly used in the construction of transcriptional fusions to regulatory elements of interest, and have facilitated greatly the analysis of gene expression and the study of individual promoters and their regulation. Moreover, the construction of translational fusions have also a ...
... Reporter genes are commonly used in the construction of transcriptional fusions to regulatory elements of interest, and have facilitated greatly the analysis of gene expression and the study of individual promoters and their regulation. Moreover, the construction of translational fusions have also a ...
Regulation of E. coli Glycogen Phosphorylase Activity by HPr
... sole role of HPr is in sugar transport. It would be simpler for PEP to pass the phosphoryl group directly to enzymes II. Third, the cellular concentration of HPr in E. coli is significantly higher than necessary for its role as a phosphocarrier, and there are between 10- and 20-fold more HPr molecul ...
... sole role of HPr is in sugar transport. It would be simpler for PEP to pass the phosphoryl group directly to enzymes II. Third, the cellular concentration of HPr in E. coli is significantly higher than necessary for its role as a phosphocarrier, and there are between 10- and 20-fold more HPr molecul ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.