New insights into regulation of p53 protein degradation
... Modifications of p53 regulates p53 degradation through ubiquitination-dependent proteasome pathway Covalent modifications of p53 occur on more than 40 different amino acid residues and lead to different p53 activation. These modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitina ...
... Modifications of p53 regulates p53 degradation through ubiquitination-dependent proteasome pathway Covalent modifications of p53 occur on more than 40 different amino acid residues and lead to different p53 activation. These modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitina ...
FGF signaling controls caudal hindbrain specification through Ras
... intensity of the cFgf3 band was relatively similar for all time points, suggesting that either the reaction reached saturation or vHnf1 was not able to induce cFgf3 transcription anymore (Fig. 1Ad, B). Thus, as early as 30 min after electroporation the endogenous expression of Fgf3 was increased and ...
... intensity of the cFgf3 band was relatively similar for all time points, suggesting that either the reaction reached saturation or vHnf1 was not able to induce cFgf3 transcription anymore (Fig. 1Ad, B). Thus, as early as 30 min after electroporation the endogenous expression of Fgf3 was increased and ...
Downloaded - Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... results show that feeding time can reset the expression of per1, per3, and rev-erb␣ in the liver of PPAR␣⫺/⫺ mice and suggest that bmal1 expression might be controlled by PPAR␣. Fenofibrate Induces Expression of Clock Genes in Rat-1 Fibroblasts and Up-Regulates bmal1 Gene Expression in Liver Because ...
... results show that feeding time can reset the expression of per1, per3, and rev-erb␣ in the liver of PPAR␣⫺/⫺ mice and suggest that bmal1 expression might be controlled by PPAR␣. Fenofibrate Induces Expression of Clock Genes in Rat-1 Fibroblasts and Up-Regulates bmal1 Gene Expression in Liver Because ...
SCL and associated proteins distinguish active from
... SCL is expressed at both early and late stages of hematopoietic development and is essential for normal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) formation and later for the full differentiation of erythroid cells, megakaryocytes (MKs), and mast cells.40-42 Like most transcriptional regulators, SCL can function ...
... SCL is expressed at both early and late stages of hematopoietic development and is essential for normal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) formation and later for the full differentiation of erythroid cells, megakaryocytes (MKs), and mast cells.40-42 Like most transcriptional regulators, SCL can function ...
Roles of Long Non-coding RNAs in X
... cytological event during initiation of XCI in the mouse, and is seen as early as the four-cell stage of development (Okamoto et al. 2005). Xist stabilization and coating of the Xi is also observed at the onset of random XCI (Panning et al. 1997; Sheardown et al. 1997). The closely coupled timing of ...
... cytological event during initiation of XCI in the mouse, and is seen as early as the four-cell stage of development (Okamoto et al. 2005). Xist stabilization and coating of the Xi is also observed at the onset of random XCI (Panning et al. 1997; Sheardown et al. 1997). The closely coupled timing of ...
A mutation mimicking ligandinduced conformational change yields a
... ligands or vehicle (ethanol) for 24 h. CAT levels were determined by ELISA. Results are expressed as fold induction of basal reporter gene activity and represent the mean ⫾ SEM of three to six independent experiments. In (A), Kds for 9c-RA were determined by Scatchard analysis; EC50 values correspon ...
... ligands or vehicle (ethanol) for 24 h. CAT levels were determined by ELISA. Results are expressed as fold induction of basal reporter gene activity and represent the mean ⫾ SEM of three to six independent experiments. In (A), Kds for 9c-RA were determined by Scatchard analysis; EC50 values correspon ...
estrogen receptor by cyclin D1 Ligand
... with six distinct functional regions (termed A–F), which includes domains for DNA binding, ligand binding, and transcriptional activation. Like other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, ER harbors two transcriptional activation functions (AFs) that act synergistically in transactiva ...
... with six distinct functional regions (termed A–F), which includes domains for DNA binding, ligand binding, and transcriptional activation. Like other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, ER harbors two transcriptional activation functions (AFs) that act synergistically in transactiva ...
Molecular and cellular requirements for the
... Localization of adenylate cyclases in caveolae or rafts One factor contributing to the dependence of adenylate cyclases on CCE is their localization in discrete domains of the plasma membrane [32,33]. Both AC8 transfected in HEK-293 cells and endogenous AC6 in C6–2B glioma cells occur in buoyant mem ...
... Localization of adenylate cyclases in caveolae or rafts One factor contributing to the dependence of adenylate cyclases on CCE is their localization in discrete domains of the plasma membrane [32,33]. Both AC8 transfected in HEK-293 cells and endogenous AC6 in C6–2B glioma cells occur in buoyant mem ...
The Role of the N-Terminal Domains of Bacterial Initiator DnaA in
... single-stranded replication eye [7,8]. The DnaA protein and oriC are also the main factors controlling the assembly of the initiation complex or are subjected to control mechanisms that restrict the number of replications to one per cell cycle [6,9,10]. It is noteworthy that in some species, e.g., E ...
... single-stranded replication eye [7,8]. The DnaA protein and oriC are also the main factors controlling the assembly of the initiation complex or are subjected to control mechanisms that restrict the number of replications to one per cell cycle [6,9,10]. It is noteworthy that in some species, e.g., E ...
Down-Regulates Expression of Cell Proliferation
... in traditional medicine, has been shown to suppress cellular transformation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis through a mechanism not fully understood. Because several genes that mediate these processes are regulated by nuclear factor-B (NF-B), we have postulated that curcumin ...
... in traditional medicine, has been shown to suppress cellular transformation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis through a mechanism not fully understood. Because several genes that mediate these processes are regulated by nuclear factor-B (NF-B), we have postulated that curcumin ...
The Histone Variant H2A.W Defines Heterochromatin and Promotes
... their own N-terminal tails. For example, H3.3 tends to be associated with H3K4me2/3, whereas H3.1 tends to be enriched at heterochromatin marked by H3K9me2 (Loyola and Almouzni, 2007). Although H2A.Z and H3.3 are predominantly linked to transcriptional activation, they are also associated with heter ...
... their own N-terminal tails. For example, H3.3 tends to be associated with H3K4me2/3, whereas H3.1 tends to be enriched at heterochromatin marked by H3K9me2 (Loyola and Almouzni, 2007). Although H2A.Z and H3.3 are predominantly linked to transcriptional activation, they are also associated with heter ...
Direct redox modulation of p53 protein: potential sources of redox
... the cell. The three common types of intracellular ROI postulated to be important for modulating protein redox levels are hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide. Specific enzymes have evolved to rid the cell of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and these enzymes are, in fact, regulated in ...
... the cell. The three common types of intracellular ROI postulated to be important for modulating protein redox levels are hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide. Specific enzymes have evolved to rid the cell of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and these enzymes are, in fact, regulated in ...
With No Lysine (WNK) Family Proteins and Their
... List of Tables .................................................................................................................. xii List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... xiii Chapter One – Introduction: WNKs and ...
... List of Tables .................................................................................................................. xii List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... xiii Chapter One – Introduction: WNKs and ...
The serine protease Corin is a novel modifier of the agouti pathway
... The hair follicle is an important model system for the study of organogenesis: in part, because of the attributes that make it amenable to study during follicular neogenesis in the embryo and newborn animal; and, in part, because the lower portion of the hair follicle is regenerated from comparative ...
... The hair follicle is an important model system for the study of organogenesis: in part, because of the attributes that make it amenable to study during follicular neogenesis in the embryo and newborn animal; and, in part, because the lower portion of the hair follicle is regenerated from comparative ...
Ph.D. Thesis Azar Shahpiri
... acid (GA) signal by synthesizing hydrolytic enzymes that are released to the endosperm, before undergoing cell death. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture, allowing the study of GA, abscisic acid (ABA) and other signals in ...
... acid (GA) signal by synthesizing hydrolytic enzymes that are released to the endosperm, before undergoing cell death. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture, allowing the study of GA, abscisic acid (ABA) and other signals in ...
Transcriptional Regulation in Spinal Cord Motor Neuron
... generates Islet-1 (Isl1) / Lhx3 / Motor Neuron and Pancrease Homeobox 1 (Hb9) expressing motor neurons and the p3 domain generates Single-minded Family bHLH Transcription Factor 1 (Sim1)-positive V3-Interneurons. Consistent with this model, different concentrations of Shh induce the generation of d ...
... generates Islet-1 (Isl1) / Lhx3 / Motor Neuron and Pancrease Homeobox 1 (Hb9) expressing motor neurons and the p3 domain generates Single-minded Family bHLH Transcription Factor 1 (Sim1)-positive V3-Interneurons. Consistent with this model, different concentrations of Shh induce the generation of d ...
Hormone sensitive lipase: structure, function and
... metabolism, beside the hydrolysis of lipids. As one would aspect from its dual role, HSL is not only present in adipose tissues but is also found in tissues in which cholesterol esters are stored. For instance adrenal cortex, ovaries, heart (Small et al. 1989b), muscle and macrophages. The first evi ...
... metabolism, beside the hydrolysis of lipids. As one would aspect from its dual role, HSL is not only present in adipose tissues but is also found in tissues in which cholesterol esters are stored. For instance adrenal cortex, ovaries, heart (Small et al. 1989b), muscle and macrophages. The first evi ...
Oxidative-stress-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization is
... Several mechanisms have been identified that regulate transcription factors themselves. For example, the yeast Rlm1p is activated through phosphorylation by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Slt2p (also known as Mpk1p) (Watanabe ...
... Several mechanisms have been identified that regulate transcription factors themselves. For example, the yeast Rlm1p is activated through phosphorylation by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Slt2p (also known as Mpk1p) (Watanabe ...
The Small RNA Chaperone Hfq and Multiple Small RNAs Control
... Presence of multiple sRNAs is important in fine tuning the transition between low to high cell density by allowing the influence of additional regulatory inputs. Simultaneous inactivation of all four sRNAs is necessary to eliminate Hfq-mediated quorum sensing repression Overexpression of only one sR ...
... Presence of multiple sRNAs is important in fine tuning the transition between low to high cell density by allowing the influence of additional regulatory inputs. Simultaneous inactivation of all four sRNAs is necessary to eliminate Hfq-mediated quorum sensing repression Overexpression of only one sR ...
Chromatin Fibers Observed In Situ in Frozen Hydrated Sections
... spreading on a water surface. What, then is the native chromatin organization of the typical interphase nucleus and mitotic chromosome? It can be argued that a 30-urn fiber structure exists, but is not revealed in thin sections because of preparative deficiencies; or, alternatively, that a 30-nm org ...
... spreading on a water surface. What, then is the native chromatin organization of the typical interphase nucleus and mitotic chromosome? It can be argued that a 30-urn fiber structure exists, but is not revealed in thin sections because of preparative deficiencies; or, alternatively, that a 30-nm org ...
Functional redundancy of mammalian Polycomb genes
... Genome Informatics); and Ring1A (Ring1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) and Ring1B (Rnf2 – Mouse Genome Informatics; ...
... Genome Informatics); and Ring1A (Ring1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) and Ring1B (Rnf2 – Mouse Genome Informatics; ...
PDF
... Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons control locomotion and emotion and are affected in multiple psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). The homeodomain transcription factor Pitx3 is pivotal in mdDA neuron development and loss of Pitx3 results in progr ...
... Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons control locomotion and emotion and are affected in multiple psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). The homeodomain transcription factor Pitx3 is pivotal in mdDA neuron development and loss of Pitx3 results in progr ...
mexCD-oprJ aeruginosa
... repressor of mexCD-oprJ with homology to NfxB, EsrC, was discovered. In the absence of CHXmediated envelope stress, the expression of esrC is negatively regulated by NfxB. In the presence of CHX-mediated envelope stress, the repressor activity of NfxB is alleviated and EsrC is produced, where it con ...
... repressor of mexCD-oprJ with homology to NfxB, EsrC, was discovered. In the absence of CHXmediated envelope stress, the expression of esrC is negatively regulated by NfxB. In the presence of CHX-mediated envelope stress, the repressor activity of NfxB is alleviated and EsrC is produced, where it con ...
How cohesin and CTCF cooperate in regulating gene expression
... before DNA replication, and this process depends on a complex of the DNA bound proteins Scc2 and Scc4 (Ciosk et al. 2000). The subsequent establishment of cohesion during S-phase is tightly coupled to DNA replication and requires an acetyltransferase, called Eco1/Ctf7 in S. cerevisiae (Toth et al. 1 ...
... before DNA replication, and this process depends on a complex of the DNA bound proteins Scc2 and Scc4 (Ciosk et al. 2000). The subsequent establishment of cohesion during S-phase is tightly coupled to DNA replication and requires an acetyltransferase, called Eco1/Ctf7 in S. cerevisiae (Toth et al. 1 ...
Protein Interaction Technical Handbook
... myriad of processes that impact cellular structure and function. These processes include cell-cycle control, differentiation, protein folding, signaling, transcription, translation, post-translational modification and transport. Implications about function can be made via protein:protein interaction ...
... myriad of processes that impact cellular structure and function. These processes include cell-cycle control, differentiation, protein folding, signaling, transcription, translation, post-translational modification and transport. Implications about function can be made via protein:protein interaction ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.