You can answer the question Yourself with a few
... BCAAs, which include the three amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These bad boys have been shown to be absolutely key for muscle growth and even for energy during workouts. Whey protein also contains biologically active protein microfractions, such as alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, ...
... BCAAs, which include the three amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These bad boys have been shown to be absolutely key for muscle growth and even for energy during workouts. Whey protein also contains biologically active protein microfractions, such as alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, ...
and Abscisic Acid Response Elements in the Em Promoter
... VP1 and ABA regulation of C7 (Hattori et al., 1992) are evidently dissimilar to the G-box ABA response sequences that have been characterized in the wheat Em promoter. Although the C7 promoter contains an Emla-like motif (TACGTGGC),this element is not required for ABA or VP1 regulation. Hattori et a ...
... VP1 and ABA regulation of C7 (Hattori et al., 1992) are evidently dissimilar to the G-box ABA response sequences that have been characterized in the wheat Em promoter. Although the C7 promoter contains an Emla-like motif (TACGTGGC),this element is not required for ABA or VP1 regulation. Hattori et a ...
Developmental Signaling by Noggin and Wnt in the Frog Xenopus
... First off, I want to thank Nikki, I could not have done any of this without you. I’m so excited for our lives and all the adventures we’ll have together. Mom, you always said I could do this, especially when I didn’t think I could. Thank you, I’ll always remember Melinda Mae. Dad, thanks for all the ...
... First off, I want to thank Nikki, I could not have done any of this without you. I’m so excited for our lives and all the adventures we’ll have together. Mom, you always said I could do this, especially when I didn’t think I could. Thank you, I’ll always remember Melinda Mae. Dad, thanks for all the ...
- WRAP: Warwick Research Archive Portal
... In organometallic complexes it is the metal-carbon (M-C) bonds that endow these coordination compounds with special properties. On the one hand they have high trans effects and trans influences: the lability of bonds to other ligands (M-L) in the complex can be greatly influenced by the presence of ...
... In organometallic complexes it is the metal-carbon (M-C) bonds that endow these coordination compounds with special properties. On the one hand they have high trans effects and trans influences: the lability of bonds to other ligands (M-L) in the complex can be greatly influenced by the presence of ...
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... 4-5 h (Dequeant and Pourquie, 2008). The majority of known clock genes belong to the Notch pathway (reviewed by Dequéant and Pourquié, 2008; Gibb et al., 2010; Kageyama et al., 2007) and, in mouse, this pathway is crucial for dynamic expression of all clock genes and for somitogenesis (Ferjentsik et ...
... 4-5 h (Dequeant and Pourquie, 2008). The majority of known clock genes belong to the Notch pathway (reviewed by Dequéant and Pourquié, 2008; Gibb et al., 2010; Kageyama et al., 2007) and, in mouse, this pathway is crucial for dynamic expression of all clock genes and for somitogenesis (Ferjentsik et ...
- Wiley Online Library
... and p53 is rapidly stabilized [3]. The accumulated p53 protein is subject to extensive post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation and glycosylation (reviewed in references [4,5]). It is broadly accepted that these mo ...
... and p53 is rapidly stabilized [3]. The accumulated p53 protein is subject to extensive post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation and glycosylation (reviewed in references [4,5]). It is broadly accepted that these mo ...
from dicp.ac.cn
... of p38 MAPK and can be activated by p38α under cellular stress (2-4, 6). CK2 also contributes to p38 MAPK signaling pathway regulation. In a phosphorylation-dependent manner, p38α can directly interact with the α and β subunits of CK2 to activate the holoenzyme (17). p38 and CK2 both co-immunoprecip ...
... of p38 MAPK and can be activated by p38α under cellular stress (2-4, 6). CK2 also contributes to p38 MAPK signaling pathway regulation. In a phosphorylation-dependent manner, p38α can directly interact with the α and β subunits of CK2 to activate the holoenzyme (17). p38 and CK2 both co-immunoprecip ...
PKC modulates NF-B and AP-1 via mitogen
... The expression of the PKC⑀ transgene in cardiac cells (and thus the activity of this enzyme) is also dependent on the time interval after transfection. In pilot experiments, cardiac cells were collected 8, 12, 16, 18, and 24 h after receiving 10 pfu/cell of FL-PKC⑀. We found that 18 h was the optima ...
... The expression of the PKC⑀ transgene in cardiac cells (and thus the activity of this enzyme) is also dependent on the time interval after transfection. In pilot experiments, cardiac cells were collected 8, 12, 16, 18, and 24 h after receiving 10 pfu/cell of FL-PKC⑀. We found that 18 h was the optima ...
Integrative genomics analysis identifies
... (14). These widespread interphase chromatin regulatory complexes provide topological basis for genome-wide transcriptional regulation of both housekeeping and cell-specific genes in human cells (14). Typically, the long-range chromatin interaction complexes contain multiple physically interacting en ...
... (14). These widespread interphase chromatin regulatory complexes provide topological basis for genome-wide transcriptional regulation of both housekeeping and cell-specific genes in human cells (14). Typically, the long-range chromatin interaction complexes contain multiple physically interacting en ...
Physical and functional link of the leukemia
... BOSC23 cells were cotransfected with HA-tagged AML1b and together either with control vector (mock) or FLAG-tagged PML isoforms (I-VI). The expression of AML1 in the lysates of transfectants was detected by immunoblotting using anti-HA (3F10) antibody (top). The lysates of transfectants were immunop ...
... BOSC23 cells were cotransfected with HA-tagged AML1b and together either with control vector (mock) or FLAG-tagged PML isoforms (I-VI). The expression of AML1 in the lysates of transfectants was detected by immunoblotting using anti-HA (3F10) antibody (top). The lysates of transfectants were immunop ...
Molecular analysis and biological implications of STAT3 signal
... STAT3 ser727ala display strongly reduced transcriptional activities as compared to STAT3α. The STAT3 ser727asp mutant, in which the serine residue is replaced by the negatively charged aspartate residue, displays similar transcriptional activities as STAT3α. However, this mutant has become independe ...
... STAT3 ser727ala display strongly reduced transcriptional activities as compared to STAT3α. The STAT3 ser727asp mutant, in which the serine residue is replaced by the negatively charged aspartate residue, displays similar transcriptional activities as STAT3α. However, this mutant has become independe ...
GAL4 System in Drosophila: A Fly Geneticist`s Swiss Army Knife
... investigate the function of genes implicated in a wide variety of medically and economically important processes. In this article, we review the GAL4/UAS system in Drosophila and the numerous extensions that have morphed it into a veritable Swiss army knife for the analysis of gene function. USER’S ...
... investigate the function of genes implicated in a wide variety of medically and economically important processes. In this article, we review the GAL4/UAS system in Drosophila and the numerous extensions that have morphed it into a veritable Swiss army knife for the analysis of gene function. USER’S ...
Enhancement of Hypothalamic STAT3 Acetylation by
... obesity. Here, we discovered that nuclear receptor Nur77 expression is lower in the hypothalamus of obese mice compared with normal mice. Injection of leptin results in significant reduction in body weight in wild-type mice but not in Nur77 knockout (KO) littermates or mice with specific Nur77 knockdo ...
... obesity. Here, we discovered that nuclear receptor Nur77 expression is lower in the hypothalamus of obese mice compared with normal mice. Injection of leptin results in significant reduction in body weight in wild-type mice but not in Nur77 knockout (KO) littermates or mice with specific Nur77 knockdo ...
Building and Breaking Bridges between Sister Chromatids
... tension, which is counteracted by cohesion between the sisters. No tension is generated if both sister kinetochores have been attached to microtubules from the same pole, known as syntelic attachment. (B) The cohesin cycle. Cohesin complexes are loaded onto chromosomes before the onset of DNA replic ...
... tension, which is counteracted by cohesion between the sisters. No tension is generated if both sister kinetochores have been attached to microtubules from the same pole, known as syntelic attachment. (B) The cohesin cycle. Cohesin complexes are loaded onto chromosomes before the onset of DNA replic ...
post- translational modifications
... for the synthesis of PTM peptides and proteins. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) enable the cell to change the properties and activities of proteins after expression. Most of the PTMs are catalyzed by specialized enzymes. Practically all proteinogenic amino acids can be modified, thus PTMs co ...
... for the synthesis of PTM peptides and proteins. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) enable the cell to change the properties and activities of proteins after expression. Most of the PTMs are catalyzed by specialized enzymes. Practically all proteinogenic amino acids can be modified, thus PTMs co ...
Solid-phase classical complement activation by C
... subunits of the CRP pentamer are targeted in the same direction, a recognition face is formed on the PC-bearing surface. C1q binds to the opposite face of the pentamer, thereby inducing complement activation via formation of the classical C3 convertase, which assembles in a fashion similar to that i ...
... subunits of the CRP pentamer are targeted in the same direction, a recognition face is formed on the PC-bearing surface. C1q binds to the opposite face of the pentamer, thereby inducing complement activation via formation of the classical C3 convertase, which assembles in a fashion similar to that i ...
The Case of Protein Kinase CK2
... residue and is often preceded by another N or D residue. A similar sequence (D32KFNLTGLN40) forms helix α2 of the CK2β protein (Bibby & Litchfield, 2005). The N-terminal part of the CK2β also contains an “acidic loop” between helices α3 and α4. This acidic, surface-exposed region of the protein, enc ...
... residue and is often preceded by another N or D residue. A similar sequence (D32KFNLTGLN40) forms helix α2 of the CK2β protein (Bibby & Litchfield, 2005). The N-terminal part of the CK2β also contains an “acidic loop” between helices α3 and α4. This acidic, surface-exposed region of the protein, enc ...
Odd-paired controls frequency doubling in Drosophila segmentation
... It is clear that a dramatic change overtakes pair-rule gene expression at gastrulation. For a given gene, an altered pattern of transcriptional output could result from an altered spatial pattern of regulatory inputs, or, alternatively, altered regulatory logic. Pair-rule proteins provide most of th ...
... It is clear that a dramatic change overtakes pair-rule gene expression at gastrulation. For a given gene, an altered pattern of transcriptional output could result from an altered spatial pattern of regulatory inputs, or, alternatively, altered regulatory logic. Pair-rule proteins provide most of th ...
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling
... including amino acids, energy levels, oxygen, growth factors, and stress to coordinate cell growth and maintain metabolic homeostasis [59]. mTOR forms two functionally distinct complexes in mammals, mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2). It is mTORC1 that is sensitive to both growth fa ...
... including amino acids, energy levels, oxygen, growth factors, and stress to coordinate cell growth and maintain metabolic homeostasis [59]. mTOR forms two functionally distinct complexes in mammals, mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2). It is mTORC1 that is sensitive to both growth fa ...
Maternal and Zygotic Control of Zebrafish Dorsoventral Axial
... release the dorsal determinant(s) to be transported by alternate means to the prospective dorsal-marginal blastomeres (93). Zebrafish maternal tokkaebi mutants lack Syntabulin and therefore are unable to initiate the transport of the dorsal determinant(s), resulting in a failure to activate Wnt signa ...
... release the dorsal determinant(s) to be transported by alternate means to the prospective dorsal-marginal blastomeres (93). Zebrafish maternal tokkaebi mutants lack Syntabulin and therefore are unable to initiate the transport of the dorsal determinant(s), resulting in a failure to activate Wnt signa ...
Effect of Aminoguanidine (Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor
... species, for example rat and human PDK2 proteins share greater than 95% identity in their primary amino acids sequence. The total number of amino acid residues varies among different PDK isomers, for example PDK1 has 436 residues, PDK2 and PDK4 have 407 residues and PDK3 has 406 residues [35]. The G ...
... species, for example rat and human PDK2 proteins share greater than 95% identity in their primary amino acids sequence. The total number of amino acid residues varies among different PDK isomers, for example PDK1 has 436 residues, PDK2 and PDK4 have 407 residues and PDK3 has 406 residues [35]. The G ...
ETS-dependent regulation of a distal Gata4 cardiac enhancer
... mice lacking GATA4 in the myocardium display defective cardiomyocyte proliferation and embryonic lethality (Rojas et al., 2008; Zeisberg et al., 2005). Mice lacking Gata4 in the endothelium have defective endocardial cushion development and die around E12.5 of apparent heart failure (Rivera-Felician ...
... mice lacking GATA4 in the myocardium display defective cardiomyocyte proliferation and embryonic lethality (Rojas et al., 2008; Zeisberg et al., 2005). Mice lacking Gata4 in the endothelium have defective endocardial cushion development and die around E12.5 of apparent heart failure (Rivera-Felician ...
Mutational Analysis of Synaptobrevin Transmembrane Domain
... identical in all other respects and included 10 mM β-mercaptoethanol. The eluted proteins were adjusted to the same concentration and then 10-fold serially diluted four times to examine the concentration dependence of the dimer-tomonomer ratio. Samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted wit ...
... identical in all other respects and included 10 mM β-mercaptoethanol. The eluted proteins were adjusted to the same concentration and then 10-fold serially diluted four times to examine the concentration dependence of the dimer-tomonomer ratio. Samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted wit ...
della protein function during differential growth - RiuNet
... processes were regulated by “substances” with a capacity to move from one part of the plant to another. Today, more than one hundred years later, most of these substances have been identified as small molecules derived from secondary metabolic pathways. In general, these compounds are present at ver ...
... processes were regulated by “substances” with a capacity to move from one part of the plant to another. Today, more than one hundred years later, most of these substances have been identified as small molecules derived from secondary metabolic pathways. In general, these compounds are present at ver ...
A tightly regulated and reversibly inducible siRNA expression
... isopropyl thiogalactose (IPTG)-responsive lac repressor-operator-controlled RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-dependent human RNase P RNA (H1) promoterdriven inducible siRNA expression system. To demonstrate its tight regulation, efficient induction and reversible inhibition, we have used this system to ...
... isopropyl thiogalactose (IPTG)-responsive lac repressor-operator-controlled RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-dependent human RNase P RNA (H1) promoterdriven inducible siRNA expression system. To demonstrate its tight regulation, efficient induction and reversible inhibition, we have used this system to ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.