β-catenin: a key mediator of Wnt signaling Karl
... attributed to point mutations in β-catenin that change the serine and threonine residues, thereby blocking its phosphorylation and subsequent degradation [31•,32•]. Presently, at least two proteins are known to directly affect the stability of β-catenin: the protein products of the zw3/GSK3 [13] and ...
... attributed to point mutations in β-catenin that change the serine and threonine residues, thereby blocking its phosphorylation and subsequent degradation [31•,32•]. Presently, at least two proteins are known to directly affect the stability of β-catenin: the protein products of the zw3/GSK3 [13] and ...
Screening for increased protein thiol oxidation in oxidatively
... ROS. One involves irreversible damage to macromolecules such as DNA, membrane lipids and proteins. A number of analytical techniques have been developed to measure the oxidation products directly (e.g. carbonyl assay for oxidized proteins) or the resultant degradation products (e.g. malondialdehyde ...
... ROS. One involves irreversible damage to macromolecules such as DNA, membrane lipids and proteins. A number of analytical techniques have been developed to measure the oxidation products directly (e.g. carbonyl assay for oxidized proteins) or the resultant degradation products (e.g. malondialdehyde ...
Dynamics of a=Tubulin Deacetylation in Intact Neurons
... very dynamic, continually and rapidly changingtheir form during the mitosis-interphase transitions, as well as throughout interphaseas the cellslocomote within their environment. Recently, techniques involving microinjection of labeled cytoskeletal proteins have been used to quantify the dynamic beh ...
... very dynamic, continually and rapidly changingtheir form during the mitosis-interphase transitions, as well as throughout interphaseas the cellslocomote within their environment. Recently, techniques involving microinjection of labeled cytoskeletal proteins have been used to quantify the dynamic beh ...
HER2
... through sequestration of key residues required for activation. • Phosphorylation of Y877 may serve to bridge the stabilizing hydrogen bonds on either side of the A-loop in the active conformation. Unphosphorylated active HER2 lacks this bridging mechanism. • Formation of EGFR/HER2 heterodimer result ...
... through sequestration of key residues required for activation. • Phosphorylation of Y877 may serve to bridge the stabilizing hydrogen bonds on either side of the A-loop in the active conformation. Unphosphorylated active HER2 lacks this bridging mechanism. • Formation of EGFR/HER2 heterodimer result ...
Metabolic decision making by protein-metabolite - ETH E
... form of metabolites that modulate the activity of regulatory proteins. However, how this complex interplay of regulatory layers and metabolic feedback ultimately gives rise to a coordinated metabolic response is currently only poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is to elucidate ...
... form of metabolites that modulate the activity of regulatory proteins. However, how this complex interplay of regulatory layers and metabolic feedback ultimately gives rise to a coordinated metabolic response is currently only poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is to elucidate ...
Differential actin binding along the PEVK domain of skeletal muscle
... protein chain (Trombitás et al., 1998). Recent structural experiments suggest that the PEVK domain may contain lefthanded polyproline helices (Ma et al., 2001). Furthermore, a repetitive motif structure of PEVK has been demonstrated based on sequence analysis (Greaser, 2001). Two main motifs were id ...
... protein chain (Trombitás et al., 1998). Recent structural experiments suggest that the PEVK domain may contain lefthanded polyproline helices (Ma et al., 2001). Furthermore, a repetitive motif structure of PEVK has been demonstrated based on sequence analysis (Greaser, 2001). Two main motifs were id ...
Composite Structure of Auxin Response Elements
... To define further the minimal AuxREs in the 72-bp fragment described above, we analyzed subfragments of and sitedirected mutations in D1 and D4 as independent AuxREs isolated from one another. Within the 32-bp D4 fragment, three overlapping oligonucleotides, D4-1, D4-2, and D4-3, were cloned as mult ...
... To define further the minimal AuxREs in the 72-bp fragment described above, we analyzed subfragments of and sitedirected mutations in D1 and D4 as independent AuxREs isolated from one another. Within the 32-bp D4 fragment, three overlapping oligonucleotides, D4-1, D4-2, and D4-3, were cloned as mult ...
circadian clock Drosophila transcriptional regulator in the as a
... Rutila et al. 1998; Blau and Young 1999). However, there are some disadvantages with this strategy when we apply it at a genome-wide level. In particular, mutants are not available for many candidate genes, and even if they are, many of these mutants are lethal during development (Blau and Young 199 ...
... Rutila et al. 1998; Blau and Young 1999). However, there are some disadvantages with this strategy when we apply it at a genome-wide level. In particular, mutants are not available for many candidate genes, and even if they are, many of these mutants are lethal during development (Blau and Young 199 ...
Identification of a Preinitiation Step in DNA Replication That Is
... iments, cytosol was preincubated with 100 nM of cyclin A for 30 min. After this, sperm chromatin was added to 5,000/ml. After a further 30-min incubation, the reaction was diluted fivefold in ELB (see experimental procedures), and then centrifuged through a 15% sucrose cushion. Chromatin-bound MCM3 ...
... iments, cytosol was preincubated with 100 nM of cyclin A for 30 min. After this, sperm chromatin was added to 5,000/ml. After a further 30-min incubation, the reaction was diluted fivefold in ELB (see experimental procedures), and then centrifuged through a 15% sucrose cushion. Chromatin-bound MCM3 ...
Determination of Binding Sites of Cadherin Peptides on the EC1
... higher binding affinity to the EC1 domain than ADTC9 peptide. For cHAVc3, it binds selectively to at the D103 residue on EC1. AutoDock Vina studies confirm some of the binding sites found by NMR studies. In the future, a more detail study will be conducted to evaluate the effect of peptide binding o ...
... higher binding affinity to the EC1 domain than ADTC9 peptide. For cHAVc3, it binds selectively to at the D103 residue on EC1. AutoDock Vina studies confirm some of the binding sites found by NMR studies. In the future, a more detail study will be conducted to evaluate the effect of peptide binding o ...
abbs.info - Semantic Scholar
... and spectrum analysis indicated that tryptophan, arginine, cysteine and carboxyl group residues were essential for its hemagglutinating activity. However, they might not be present in the active center, except some carboxyl group residues. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activ ...
... and spectrum analysis indicated that tryptophan, arginine, cysteine and carboxyl group residues were essential for its hemagglutinating activity. However, they might not be present in the active center, except some carboxyl group residues. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activ ...
Nab controls the activity of the zinc-finger
... In zebrafish, egr2 controls expression of the Nab gene homologs in the r3 and r5 rhombomeres of the developing hindbrain (MechtaGrigoriou et al., 2000). Egr2 has been implicated in determining the segmental identities of r3 and r5 by controlling the expression of several target genes as well as cell ...
... In zebrafish, egr2 controls expression of the Nab gene homologs in the r3 and r5 rhombomeres of the developing hindbrain (MechtaGrigoriou et al., 2000). Egr2 has been implicated in determining the segmental identities of r3 and r5 by controlling the expression of several target genes as well as cell ...
Specific Interaction of the PDZ Domain Protein PICK1 with the
... following the glutamine at position 669 in PKCa. This mutant, GAL4(DB)-PKC7(D670 – 672), failed to interact with PICK1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay (Fig. 2B). We then mutated the four COOH-terminal amino acids in PKCa to alanines. This mutant, GAL4(DB)-PKC7(QSAV669 – 672AAAA), also failed to intera ...
... following the glutamine at position 669 in PKCa. This mutant, GAL4(DB)-PKC7(D670 – 672), failed to interact with PICK1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay (Fig. 2B). We then mutated the four COOH-terminal amino acids in PKCa to alanines. This mutant, GAL4(DB)-PKC7(QSAV669 – 672AAAA), also failed to intera ...
AraC Protein, Regulation of the L-arabinose Operon in Escherichia
... and biophysical measurements, and these require purified, active protein. The normal, low level of AraC in cells would require both a sensitive assay of the AraC protein to guide purification and roughly a 105-fold enrichment from crude cell extracts to achieve 100% purity. Originally, AraC could no ...
... and biophysical measurements, and these require purified, active protein. The normal, low level of AraC in cells would require both a sensitive assay of the AraC protein to guide purification and roughly a 105-fold enrichment from crude cell extracts to achieve 100% purity. Originally, AraC could no ...
Regulation of Maltose Transport and Metabolism in Saccharomyces
... The regulator protein Mal63 belongs to the same family of C6 zinc cluster proteins as Gal4 (27,41). A cysteine-rich DNA-binding domain similar to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain is found in the N-terminal 100 residues (43), and is capable of sequence-specific binding to the UASMAL. In contrast to Gal4, ...
... The regulator protein Mal63 belongs to the same family of C6 zinc cluster proteins as Gal4 (27,41). A cysteine-rich DNA-binding domain similar to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain is found in the N-terminal 100 residues (43), and is capable of sequence-specific binding to the UASMAL. In contrast to Gal4, ...
Datasheet Blank Template - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
... morphogen, dorsal. Both proteins specifically bind to DNA sequences that are the same or slight variations of the 10 bp κB sequence in the immunoglobulin κ light chain enhancer. This same sequence is also present in a number of other cellular and viral enhancers. The DNA binding activity of NFκB is ...
... morphogen, dorsal. Both proteins specifically bind to DNA sequences that are the same or slight variations of the 10 bp κB sequence in the immunoglobulin κ light chain enhancer. This same sequence is also present in a number of other cellular and viral enhancers. The DNA binding activity of NFκB is ...
The MKK7 gene encodes a group of c-Jun NH2
... Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of pathways that relay signals to particular cell compartments in response to a diverse array of extracellular stimuli (38, 42, 63, 83). Activated MAPK can translocate to the nucleus and phosphorylate substrates, including transcription factor ...
... Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of pathways that relay signals to particular cell compartments in response to a diverse array of extracellular stimuli (38, 42, 63, 83). Activated MAPK can translocate to the nucleus and phosphorylate substrates, including transcription factor ...
Impaired overload-induced muscle growth is associated with
... may result from diminished responsiveness of signalling intermediates controlling protein translation. Yet, potential age-related signalling decrements have never been examined in direct parallel with impaired overload-induced muscle growth in any model. To this end, we used Western blotting to exam ...
... may result from diminished responsiveness of signalling intermediates controlling protein translation. Yet, potential age-related signalling decrements have never been examined in direct parallel with impaired overload-induced muscle growth in any model. To this end, we used Western blotting to exam ...
RNA helicase DDX19 stabilizes ribosomal elongation and
... in the cell has immediate negative effects on protein biosynthesis. It is important to note that the cellular concentration of eRF3 does not influence the rate of translation (a 60% decrease had no significant effect). These data confirm the important role of Dbp5 during translation in yeast. More r ...
... in the cell has immediate negative effects on protein biosynthesis. It is important to note that the cellular concentration of eRF3 does not influence the rate of translation (a 60% decrease had no significant effect). These data confirm the important role of Dbp5 during translation in yeast. More r ...
Wnts and PKA control Nodal expression
... by implanting beads soaked in PBS, and no phenotypic consequence or changes in gene expression were observed. As previously described, and based on its effects on Nodal and patched expression (Pagán-Westphal and Tabin, 1998), this antibody is a powerful blocker of Shh signaling in vivo. Implantation ...
... by implanting beads soaked in PBS, and no phenotypic consequence or changes in gene expression were observed. As previously described, and based on its effects on Nodal and patched expression (Pagán-Westphal and Tabin, 1998), this antibody is a powerful blocker of Shh signaling in vivo. Implantation ...
COMPLEX FORMATION AND PROTEIN INTERACTION IN THE
... Arabidopsis CesA N-terminal domains. Previously, heterologously-expressed cotton N-terminal domains have been shown to dimerize, in a redox dependent manner, through their zinc binding domains (Kurek et al. 2002). However, assembly of a functional CSC requires interaction between three unique CesA i ...
... Arabidopsis CesA N-terminal domains. Previously, heterologously-expressed cotton N-terminal domains have been shown to dimerize, in a redox dependent manner, through their zinc binding domains (Kurek et al. 2002). However, assembly of a functional CSC requires interaction between three unique CesA i ...
Inducers of Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance Regulate NPR1
... "Redox" and Abscisic Acid-Mediated Controls Plant Physiology 2002 129: 460-468. ...
... "Redox" and Abscisic Acid-Mediated Controls Plant Physiology 2002 129: 460-468. ...
Document
... of hibernating grizzly bears using high-throughput proteomics and RNA-Seq. The changes in protein expression indicate an effect on muscle metabolism, consistent with increased nonessential amino acid levels and a decrease in ATP production. Supplementing murine myotubes with non-essential amino acid ...
... of hibernating grizzly bears using high-throughput proteomics and RNA-Seq. The changes in protein expression indicate an effect on muscle metabolism, consistent with increased nonessential amino acid levels and a decrease in ATP production. Supplementing murine myotubes with non-essential amino acid ...
scf and cullin/ring h2-based
... ubiquitination of phosphorylated Sic1 by the yCdc34 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Skowyra et al (1997) also demonstrated that a distinct SCF complex can be formed by replacing Cdc4 with another F box–containing protein, Grr1. This important finding suggested that SCFCdc4 may be the prototype for a b ...
... ubiquitination of phosphorylated Sic1 by the yCdc34 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Skowyra et al (1997) also demonstrated that a distinct SCF complex can be formed by replacing Cdc4 with another F box–containing protein, Grr1. This important finding suggested that SCFCdc4 may be the prototype for a b ...
CHAPTER 3: Early tissue patterning is recreated by MEFs in... Figure 5: Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MEFs cultured in
... Moreover, a dose-response inhibitory effect on the 3D-bilateral structure development can be observed when diluted concentrations of Staurosporine are added to the cultures (Figure 2 F). These results indicate that during this morphogenetic event the cell density increases not only by contraction bu ...
... Moreover, a dose-response inhibitory effect on the 3D-bilateral structure development can be observed when diluted concentrations of Staurosporine are added to the cultures (Figure 2 F). These results indicate that during this morphogenetic event the cell density increases not only by contraction bu ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.