![Full-Text PDF](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013268572_1-7de508258415b6224454eaf441552202-300x300.png)
Full-Text PDF
... novel applications and processes. Nonetheless, researchers are continually looking for ways to exploit the cross-linking activity of TGases for novel applications outside of the fields of human physiology and the food industry. Examples include tissue engineering [17], as well as textile and leather ...
... novel applications and processes. Nonetheless, researchers are continually looking for ways to exploit the cross-linking activity of TGases for novel applications outside of the fields of human physiology and the food industry. Examples include tissue engineering [17], as well as textile and leather ...
PDF
... few of these genes are the same as the genes expressed during sporulation in S. cerevisiae (Mata et al., 2002). This observation suggests that in addition to meiotic processes conserved across eukaryotes, sporulation, including meiosis, involves processes that are more evolutionarily divergent and r ...
... few of these genes are the same as the genes expressed during sporulation in S. cerevisiae (Mata et al., 2002). This observation suggests that in addition to meiotic processes conserved across eukaryotes, sporulation, including meiosis, involves processes that are more evolutionarily divergent and r ...
INTRODUCTION the dorsal spinal cord (Muroyama et al., 2002) and for... Wnts are signaling molecules regulating different developmental
... Myf5 locus, presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and newly formed somite (I-V) explants were isolated from targeted Myf5nlacZ/+ mouse embryos, allowing the visualization of Myf5 expression by staining for -galactosidase activity (Tajbakhsh et al., 1996). Co-culture of PSM or newly formed somites with neural t ...
... Myf5 locus, presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and newly formed somite (I-V) explants were isolated from targeted Myf5nlacZ/+ mouse embryos, allowing the visualization of Myf5 expression by staining for -galactosidase activity (Tajbakhsh et al., 1996). Co-culture of PSM or newly formed somites with neural t ...
Coupling transcription, splicing and mRNA export
... Links between mRNA export and other steps in gene expression Surprising new studies by the Jensen group [21] and the Stutz group [18] have linked the TREX complex to the nuclear exosome, a large complex of 30 to 50 exonucleases involved in numerous RNA processing and degradation pathways. The tw ...
... Links between mRNA export and other steps in gene expression Surprising new studies by the Jensen group [21] and the Stutz group [18] have linked the TREX complex to the nuclear exosome, a large complex of 30 to 50 exonucleases involved in numerous RNA processing and degradation pathways. The tw ...
Functional cross‐kingdom conservation of mammalian and moss
... production of difficult-to-express protein therapeutics (Weber and Fussenegger, 2007). In mammalian cells, the initiation of translation is typically managed by a cap structure which is post-transcriptionally attached to the 5′ end of mRNAs (Kozak, 1989). Alternatively, internal ribosome entry sites ...
... production of difficult-to-express protein therapeutics (Weber and Fussenegger, 2007). In mammalian cells, the initiation of translation is typically managed by a cap structure which is post-transcriptionally attached to the 5′ end of mRNAs (Kozak, 1989). Alternatively, internal ribosome entry sites ...
HIC-5 Is a Novel Repressor of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor/T
... Activation of Wnt/-catenin target genes is regulated by a heterodimer of -catenin and the high mobility group box transcription factors of the lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)/T-cell factor (TCF) family. In vertebrates, four LEF/TCF family members have been identified. They all contain a conserved  ...
... Activation of Wnt/-catenin target genes is regulated by a heterodimer of -catenin and the high mobility group box transcription factors of the lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)/T-cell factor (TCF) family. In vertebrates, four LEF/TCF family members have been identified. They all contain a conserved  ...
Epstein-Barr virus exploits intrinsic B-lymphocyte
... more frequently at promoter sites, 29% and 18%, than other TF complexes, which were 7% to 13% at promoter sites. Moreover, these complexes at promoters were associated not only with higher H3K4me3 and lower H3K27me3 signals, but were also associated with higher P300 and highest PolII signals. These ...
... more frequently at promoter sites, 29% and 18%, than other TF complexes, which were 7% to 13% at promoter sites. Moreover, these complexes at promoters were associated not only with higher H3K4me3 and lower H3K27me3 signals, but were also associated with higher P300 and highest PolII signals. These ...
Regulation of phospholipase D activity, membrane targeting and
... How do phosphoinositides activate PLD? Only phosphoinositides with a vicinal 4,5-phosphate pair activate PLD1, PLD2 and Spo14p. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was found to be approximately equipotent with PtdIns(4,5)P2 but approx. 50% as efficacious. Other phosphoinositides were ineffective as were a range of anio ...
... How do phosphoinositides activate PLD? Only phosphoinositides with a vicinal 4,5-phosphate pair activate PLD1, PLD2 and Spo14p. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was found to be approximately equipotent with PtdIns(4,5)P2 but approx. 50% as efficacious. Other phosphoinositides were ineffective as were a range of anio ...
Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins
... characterization of their activities. At least 21 proteins are known to bind to one or more integrin β tails (Table 1). This diverse list of proteins includes actin-binding proteins, enzymes, adaptor proteins, a transcriptional co-activator and additional proteins of unknown function. As the list le ...
... characterization of their activities. At least 21 proteins are known to bind to one or more integrin β tails (Table 1). This diverse list of proteins includes actin-binding proteins, enzymes, adaptor proteins, a transcriptional co-activator and additional proteins of unknown function. As the list le ...
Conserved mechanisms of Ras regulation of evolutionary
... Figure 3), whereas the individual activation domains RI and RIII alone had very low activity [less than twothreefold, compare G-RI and G-RIII with GaI4 (1 ± 147) and see (Schneikert et al., 1992)]. The regulatory domain RII was inactive on its own (G-RII), whereas combining it with RI or RIII led to ...
... Figure 3), whereas the individual activation domains RI and RIII alone had very low activity [less than twothreefold, compare G-RI and G-RIII with GaI4 (1 ± 147) and see (Schneikert et al., 1992)]. The regulatory domain RII was inactive on its own (G-RII), whereas combining it with RI or RIII led to ...
A Survey of Flexible Protein Binding Mechanisms and their
... native conditions, but form a perfectly ordered structure in the presence of the appropriate ligand.31,32 Intrinsically disordered proteins are thought to be common in the genome rather than rare exceptions.33 A sequence-based bioinformatics approach has predicted that more than 30% of the genome of ...
... native conditions, but form a perfectly ordered structure in the presence of the appropriate ligand.31,32 Intrinsically disordered proteins are thought to be common in the genome rather than rare exceptions.33 A sequence-based bioinformatics approach has predicted that more than 30% of the genome of ...
Activation of hilA expression at low pH requires the signal sensor
... sonnei. The authors examined whether the cpxR–cpxA homologues have some function in the expression of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion genes via the regulation of hilA, an activator for these genes. In a Salmonella cpxA mutant, the hilA expression level was reduced to less than 10 % ...
... sonnei. The authors examined whether the cpxR–cpxA homologues have some function in the expression of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion genes via the regulation of hilA, an activator for these genes. In a Salmonella cpxA mutant, the hilA expression level was reduced to less than 10 % ...
Hydrolytic Fate of 3/15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Humans: Specific
... absorption. This hypothesis seems highly unlikely since it is known that: (i) in monogastric animals (such as humans, rats and pigs) most of the absorption of DON (and 3/15ADON) occurs fast (less than an hour) at the level of the duodenum and jejunum, where only few bacteria are present; and (ii) in ...
... absorption. This hypothesis seems highly unlikely since it is known that: (i) in monogastric animals (such as humans, rats and pigs) most of the absorption of DON (and 3/15ADON) occurs fast (less than an hour) at the level of the duodenum and jejunum, where only few bacteria are present; and (ii) in ...
modENCODE consortia ChIP-seq guidelines and practices of the
... for cases where multiple or unexpected bands are observed on an immunoblot and the presence of spliced isoforms, post-translational modification, or degradation is suspected. Additionally, it can precisely identify potential alternate sources of ChIP signal, often with novel biological implications, ...
... for cases where multiple or unexpected bands are observed on an immunoblot and the presence of spliced isoforms, post-translational modification, or degradation is suspected. Additionally, it can precisely identify potential alternate sources of ChIP signal, often with novel biological implications, ...
Protein phosphatases and the regulation of mitosis
... dynamic control of protein phosphorylation during mitosis. The salient structural features of specific phosphatase holoenzymes, which are thought to be important for substrate recognition, will also be described. Particular attention will be paid to recent reports that discuss the regulation of mito ...
... dynamic control of protein phosphorylation during mitosis. The salient structural features of specific phosphatase holoenzymes, which are thought to be important for substrate recognition, will also be described. Particular attention will be paid to recent reports that discuss the regulation of mito ...
Selective Dimerization of a C2H2 Zinc Finger Subfamily
... fingers comprise a bona fide dimerization domain. Dimerization is highly selective, however, as homologous domains from the TRPS-1 and Drosophila Hunchback proteins support homodimerization, but not heterodimerization with Ikaros. Ikaros-Hunchback selectivity is determined by 11 residues concentrate ...
... fingers comprise a bona fide dimerization domain. Dimerization is highly selective, however, as homologous domains from the TRPS-1 and Drosophila Hunchback proteins support homodimerization, but not heterodimerization with Ikaros. Ikaros-Hunchback selectivity is determined by 11 residues concentrate ...
RNA interference in the nucleus: roles for small RNAs in
... targeting of chromatin modifications achieved?’ As in the cytoplasm, the substrate for nuclear RNAi has been shown to be RNA molecules, but these must be in close proximity to the locus from which they arose so that epigenetic modification can be specific. This has led to a model of co‑transcription ...
... targeting of chromatin modifications achieved?’ As in the cytoplasm, the substrate for nuclear RNAi has been shown to be RNA molecules, but these must be in close proximity to the locus from which they arose so that epigenetic modification can be specific. This has led to a model of co‑transcription ...
Protein Folding and Expression
... Protein expression is not an easy process; however, it can be made easier with the help of products that aid expression and folding. There are many factors which can prohibit the production of functional protein. Often it is not possible to predict which factors may impact expression of a particular ...
... Protein expression is not an easy process; however, it can be made easier with the help of products that aid expression and folding. There are many factors which can prohibit the production of functional protein. Often it is not possible to predict which factors may impact expression of a particular ...
fulltekst
... proteins is often regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, enabling the virus or the cell to efficiently control a particular process. In this thesis we describe how an adenoviral protein, the E4-ORF4 protein, and a cellular protein, the p32 protein, regulate the splicing event by taking ...
... proteins is often regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, enabling the virus or the cell to efficiently control a particular process. In this thesis we describe how an adenoviral protein, the E4-ORF4 protein, and a cellular protein, the p32 protein, regulate the splicing event by taking ...
Clathrinmediated transport: assembly required
... through specific motifs located at the β2-hinge and appendage domains, whereas the α- and β2-appendage domains recruit alternative adaptors and regulatory proteins (Fig 2). The AP2 μ2-subunit functions mainly in the recognition of the YXXφ sorting motifs that are present in the cytosolic tail of dif ...
... through specific motifs located at the β2-hinge and appendage domains, whereas the α- and β2-appendage domains recruit alternative adaptors and regulatory proteins (Fig 2). The AP2 μ2-subunit functions mainly in the recognition of the YXXφ sorting motifs that are present in the cytosolic tail of dif ...
Document
... NtMYBAS1/2, can bind to the MYB binding site and activate NtPAL1 expression, thus positively regulating the expression of NtPAL1 and phenylpropanoid synthesis in sporophytic tissues, such as the tapetum, stomium, and the vascular tissues of young tobacco anthers (Yang et al., 2001). In Arabidopsis, ...
... NtMYBAS1/2, can bind to the MYB binding site and activate NtPAL1 expression, thus positively regulating the expression of NtPAL1 and phenylpropanoid synthesis in sporophytic tissues, such as the tapetum, stomium, and the vascular tissues of young tobacco anthers (Yang et al., 2001). In Arabidopsis, ...
The Antagonist Function of Arabidopsis WRKY53 and
... WRKY53 were chosen, and for JA treatment, 7-week-old plants with a high expression level of WRKY53 were analyzed. WRKY53 expression was not effected in npr1-1 plants treated with SA and jar1-1 plants treated with JA, but repression was abolished in coi1-1 treated with JA. Expression of ESR is not af ...
... WRKY53 were chosen, and for JA treatment, 7-week-old plants with a high expression level of WRKY53 were analyzed. WRKY53 expression was not effected in npr1-1 plants treated with SA and jar1-1 plants treated with JA, but repression was abolished in coi1-1 treated with JA. Expression of ESR is not af ...
A defined subset of adenylyl cyclases is regulated by bicarbonate ion.
... determine whether HCO3 - up regulated cyaB1595-859 specific activity by increasing homodimer formation we examined the ratio of the HCO3- and Cl- specific activities as a function of protein concentration. Interestingly, this ratio remained constant over the range of protein concentrations tested in ...
... determine whether HCO3 - up regulated cyaB1595-859 specific activity by increasing homodimer formation we examined the ratio of the HCO3- and Cl- specific activities as a function of protein concentration. Interestingly, this ratio remained constant over the range of protein concentrations tested in ...
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Mitogen
... contribute to MAPK signaling specificity. In this regard, although the MKPs dephosphorylate the MAPKs they do so with varying degrees of potency that depends upon both their MAPK binding affinity and sub-cellular localization. There are 10 catalytically active members in this group and they exhibit ...
... contribute to MAPK signaling specificity. In this regard, although the MKPs dephosphorylate the MAPKs they do so with varying degrees of potency that depends upon both their MAPK binding affinity and sub-cellular localization. There are 10 catalytically active members in this group and they exhibit ...
A cap `n` collar protein isoform contains a selective Hox repressor
... reading frames and 7-deaza dGTP reactions were used to uncover any ambiguities due to compression. No nucleotide substitutions were present in any cnc open reading frames or splice junctions of the cnc2E16 and cncC7 mutant chromosomes when compared to the parental chromosome sequence. In situ detect ...
... reading frames and 7-deaza dGTP reactions were used to uncover any ambiguities due to compression. No nucleotide substitutions were present in any cnc open reading frames or splice junctions of the cnc2E16 and cncC7 mutant chromosomes when compared to the parental chromosome sequence. In situ detect ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nucleosome_1KX5_colour_coded.png?width=300)
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.