Models of bodily expression perception
... Depending on whether the stimulus is consciously seen and recognized, some of these processes may be associated with a conscious emotional experience. These are some of the main components of the ability to perceive bodily expressions. Based on results obtained so far, we have viewed them as the cor ...
... Depending on whether the stimulus is consciously seen and recognized, some of these processes may be associated with a conscious emotional experience. These are some of the main components of the ability to perceive bodily expressions. Based on results obtained so far, we have viewed them as the cor ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
... epoch (cue onset to 400 ms after cue onset), 58% for the attentional epoch (800 –1200 ms after cue onset), and 75% for the saccade epoch (⫺200 to ⫹200 ms after saccade onset). In the mid-␥ band (␥M: 60 –120 Hz), cue decoding reached 48%, attention decoding 44%, and saccade decoding 50%. For frequenc ...
... epoch (cue onset to 400 ms after cue onset), 58% for the attentional epoch (800 –1200 ms after cue onset), and 75% for the saccade epoch (⫺200 to ⫹200 ms after saccade onset). In the mid-␥ band (␥M: 60 –120 Hz), cue decoding reached 48%, attention decoding 44%, and saccade decoding 50%. For frequenc ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular or parallel to the optimal orientation of the cell, and the peak of the response profiles for both axes was defined as the center of the CRF. We then measured the CRF diameter by performing an occlusion test, in which a mask ...
... the CRF by moving rectangular grating patches along the axes perpendicular or parallel to the optimal orientation of the cell, and the peak of the response profiles for both axes was defined as the center of the CRF. We then measured the CRF diameter by performing an occlusion test, in which a mask ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... enables separation of the expected value (linearly increasing from P = 0 to P = 1) from uncertainty, expressed as variance or entropy (inverted U function, with a peak at P = 0.5). More than one-third of dopaminergic neurons show a relatively slow, sustained and moderate activation between the rewar ...
... enables separation of the expected value (linearly increasing from P = 0 to P = 1) from uncertainty, expressed as variance or entropy (inverted U function, with a peak at P = 0.5). More than one-third of dopaminergic neurons show a relatively slow, sustained and moderate activation between the rewar ...
Temporal and spatial receptive field characteristics of tectal neurons
... brain (Niell et al., 2004). This spatially organized layout could be a morphological basis underlying the upkeep of retinotopy. The morphology of larval neuropil cells displays a generally different organization than PVZ cells. Neurons in the neuropil have largely elongated dendritic trees that can ...
... brain (Niell et al., 2004). This spatially organized layout could be a morphological basis underlying the upkeep of retinotopy. The morphology of larval neuropil cells displays a generally different organization than PVZ cells. Neurons in the neuropil have largely elongated dendritic trees that can ...
Evidence for implication of primate area V1 in neural 3
... different sources of information, retinal disparity, viewing distance and gaze direction, that participate in these neural mechanisms are being reviewed. The way they interact with each other is studied by combining retinal and extraretinal signals. Interactions between retinal disparity and viewing ...
... different sources of information, retinal disparity, viewing distance and gaze direction, that participate in these neural mechanisms are being reviewed. The way they interact with each other is studied by combining retinal and extraretinal signals. Interactions between retinal disparity and viewing ...
The pattern of ocular dominance columns in macaque visual cortex
... A pattern of alternating dark and pale bands was observed in the striate cortex of the macaque monkey. The bands, which ran parallel to the surface, were seen in tangential sections stained with a reduced silver method for normal fibers and were most clear in layer 4C a, immediately deep to the line ...
... A pattern of alternating dark and pale bands was observed in the striate cortex of the macaque monkey. The bands, which ran parallel to the surface, were seen in tangential sections stained with a reduced silver method for normal fibers and were most clear in layer 4C a, immediately deep to the line ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... et al. 1985). Such mechanisms can explain why a particular stimulus attracts attention, or ‘‘pops out,’’ when surrounded by contrasting stimuli (a green apple in a box of red apples) but fails to do so when surrounded by similar stimuli (a green apple The costs of publication of this article were de ...
... et al. 1985). Such mechanisms can explain why a particular stimulus attracts attention, or ‘‘pops out,’’ when surrounded by contrasting stimuli (a green apple in a box of red apples) but fails to do so when surrounded by similar stimuli (a green apple The costs of publication of this article were de ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... 0.3% ethanol). This is approximately 15 times the human recognition threshold of 0.66 M (Szolcsanyi, 1990). The monkeys’ preference for the stimuli was measured objectively by an acceptability rating, where ⫹2 indicates that the macaque reached for the stimulus and placed it in the mouth, ⫹1 indica ...
... 0.3% ethanol). This is approximately 15 times the human recognition threshold of 0.66 M (Szolcsanyi, 1990). The monkeys’ preference for the stimuli was measured objectively by an acceptability rating, where ⫹2 indicates that the macaque reached for the stimulus and placed it in the mouth, ⫹1 indica ...
Basics of electromagnetic field mapping
... sources (i.e. a single dipole) in the brain produce a bipolar field extending over the entire scalp surface. Scalp fields are visualized by so called scalp-field maps. Similar to maps of a threedimensional landscape, these scalp field maps code the potential at a given position with a color-code, an ...
... sources (i.e. a single dipole) in the brain produce a bipolar field extending over the entire scalp surface. Scalp fields are visualized by so called scalp-field maps. Similar to maps of a threedimensional landscape, these scalp field maps code the potential at a given position with a color-code, an ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... but without the stipulation to maintain fixation. Although the stimulus onset asynchrony was 4.25 s, including a blank screen that acted as an intertrial interval, the presence of null events varied the subjects’ experience of the time from onset of one rule cue to the onset of the next rule cue. Nu ...
... but without the stipulation to maintain fixation. Although the stimulus onset asynchrony was 4.25 s, including a blank screen that acted as an intertrial interval, the presence of null events varied the subjects’ experience of the time from onset of one rule cue to the onset of the next rule cue. Nu ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... that the location of a 0# bar at response onset, On0, is shifted to the right relative to the location of the 180# bar during response termination, Off180. This difference can be explained by the visual latency, i.e., the processing delays before the visual information reaches area V1. To compensate ...
... that the location of a 0# bar at response onset, On0, is shifted to the right relative to the location of the 180# bar during response termination, Off180. This difference can be explained by the visual latency, i.e., the processing delays before the visual information reaches area V1. To compensate ...
The Circuitry of V1 and V2 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... mitochondrial striate cortex, extrastriate cortex, lateral geniculate nucleus, enzyme, which can review starts here in V1 and finishes in V2. cytochrome oxidase, color vision be used to identify We critically assess recent studies that have particular visual areas focused on the organization of these ...
... mitochondrial striate cortex, extrastriate cortex, lateral geniculate nucleus, enzyme, which can review starts here in V1 and finishes in V2. cytochrome oxidase, color vision be used to identify We critically assess recent studies that have particular visual areas focused on the organization of these ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... Remembering a past experience can, surprisingly, cause forgetting. Forgetting arises when other competing traces interfere with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces futu ...
... Remembering a past experience can, surprisingly, cause forgetting. Forgetting arises when other competing traces interfere with retrieval and inhibitory control mechanisms are engaged to suppress the distraction they cause. This form of forgetting is considered to be adaptive because it reduces futu ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syringe with an Elgiloy microelectrode (Suzuki & Azuma, 1976) attached to the needle. The electrode tip protruded about 300 mm with r ...
... made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syringe with an Elgiloy microelectrode (Suzuki & Azuma, 1976) attached to the needle. The electrode tip protruded about 300 mm with r ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... which the same prediction did not fail. Each type of prediction error evoked activity in a distinct frontotemporal circuit. Unexpected reward failure evoked activity in the temporal cortex and frontal pole (area 10). Unpredicted rewards evoked activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, the frontal pole, ...
... which the same prediction did not fail. Each type of prediction error evoked activity in a distinct frontotemporal circuit. Unexpected reward failure evoked activity in the temporal cortex and frontal pole (area 10). Unpredicted rewards evoked activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, the frontal pole, ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... in separate experiments. Activation maps were generated comparing painful to neutral heat (35°C) and nonpainful brushing to rest. Directed searches were performed in SI and SII for sites reliably activated by noxious heat and brush stimuli, and stimulus-dependent regions of interest (ROI) were then ...
... in separate experiments. Activation maps were generated comparing painful to neutral heat (35°C) and nonpainful brushing to rest. Directed searches were performed in SI and SII for sites reliably activated by noxious heat and brush stimuli, and stimulus-dependent regions of interest (ROI) were then ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
Transfer Effects and Conditional Learning in Rats With Selective
... septal lesions (MS/VDB, n ⫽ 12) and surgical controls (CONT, n ⫽ 12). Prior to surgery, each rat was deeply anaesthetized by an intramuscular injection of a ketamine–xylazine mixture (80 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine; Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, St. Joseph, MO). They were also given atropine (0.2 ...
... septal lesions (MS/VDB, n ⫽ 12) and surgical controls (CONT, n ⫽ 12). Prior to surgery, each rat was deeply anaesthetized by an intramuscular injection of a ketamine–xylazine mixture (80 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine; Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, St. Joseph, MO). They were also given atropine (0.2 ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... with a cue stimulus (e.g., a rain cloud). The cue is followed by presentation of two choice stimuli, from which the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some t ...
... with a cue stimulus (e.g., a rain cloud). The cue is followed by presentation of two choice stimuli, from which the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some t ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... no functional role whatsoever. Can one say what these two neurons represent? Although these two neurons respond identically to stimuli and their recorded signals carry the same information, they serve very different representational functions. To the extent that a neuron with no axon represents anyt ...
... no functional role whatsoever. Can one say what these two neurons represent? Although these two neurons respond identically to stimuli and their recorded signals carry the same information, they serve very different representational functions. To the extent that a neuron with no axon represents anyt ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... Prominent physiological features of primary ACx include short latency neural responses to CF stimuli, narrow frequency receptive fields (reflected in narrow threshold-tuning functions and response areas), and a topographic arrangement of CF representations (Doron et al. 2002; Merzenich et al. 1975; ...
... Prominent physiological features of primary ACx include short latency neural responses to CF stimuli, narrow frequency receptive fields (reflected in narrow threshold-tuning functions and response areas), and a topographic arrangement of CF representations (Doron et al. 2002; Merzenich et al. 1975; ...
gross_neuroanatomy-1
... surface of the brain. Unlike other sulci that delineate lobes, TO is much more variable between individuals and it is not easy to identify • The functional overlap between posterior temporal and occipital cortices is also reflected by the lack of one or more sulci that divide the temporal from the ...
... surface of the brain. Unlike other sulci that delineate lobes, TO is much more variable between individuals and it is not easy to identify • The functional overlap between posterior temporal and occipital cortices is also reflected by the lack of one or more sulci that divide the temporal from the ...