Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... et al., 1991). It has been shown recently that the composition of the AP-1 complex is different in various physiological situations and that even closely related members of the same family may contribute to quite distinct biological phenomena (Hope et al., 1994; Kaminska et al., 1994; Kasof et al., ...
... et al., 1991). It has been shown recently that the composition of the AP-1 complex is different in various physiological situations and that even closely related members of the same family may contribute to quite distinct biological phenomena (Hope et al., 1994; Kaminska et al., 1994; Kasof et al., ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... commences on embryonic day (E) 22. Progressively more superficial layers are generated over the following five weeks, with genesis of layers II/III not completed until postnatal day (P) 14; the exception to this is layer I, which is generated both early and late (not shown)163. A similar progression ...
... commences on embryonic day (E) 22. Progressively more superficial layers are generated over the following five weeks, with genesis of layers II/III not completed until postnatal day (P) 14; the exception to this is layer I, which is generated both early and late (not shown)163. A similar progression ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... commences on embryonic day (E) 22. Progressively more superficial layers are generated over the following five weeks, with genesis of layers II/III not completed until postnatal day (P) 14; the exception to this is layer I, which is generated both early and late (not shown)163. A similar progression ...
... commences on embryonic day (E) 22. Progressively more superficial layers are generated over the following five weeks, with genesis of layers II/III not completed until postnatal day (P) 14; the exception to this is layer I, which is generated both early and late (not shown)163. A similar progression ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... organization of visual cortical receptive fields (RFs). 2. Differential pairing between visual input evoked in a fixed position of the RF and preset levels of postsynaptic firing (imposed iontophoretically) were used alternately to boost the ‘on’ (or ‘off’) response to a ‘high’ level of firing (S¤ p ...
... organization of visual cortical receptive fields (RFs). 2. Differential pairing between visual input evoked in a fixed position of the RF and preset levels of postsynaptic firing (imposed iontophoretically) were used alternately to boost the ‘on’ (or ‘off’) response to a ‘high’ level of firing (S¤ p ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... ing saccades but not to visual stimulation (n=27, 16% of characterized neurons; S neurons), second, neurons that responded to visual stimuli but not during saccades (n=86, 51% of characterized neurons; V neurons), and third, neurons that responded during saccades and to visual stimuli (n=53, 31% of ...
... ing saccades but not to visual stimulation (n=27, 16% of characterized neurons; S neurons), second, neurons that responded to visual stimuli but not during saccades (n=86, 51% of characterized neurons; V neurons), and third, neurons that responded during saccades and to visual stimuli (n=53, 31% of ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the distribution of counts from trials with coherent motion in the null direction (distribution ...
... distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the distribution of counts from trials with coherent motion in the null direction (distribution ...
The influence of current direction on phosphene
... (latero-medial and medio-lateral). Each measurement was made 3 times, with a new stimulation site chosen for each repetition. Only those stimulation sites were investigated where phosphenes were restricted to one visual hemifield. Coil positions were stereotactically registered. Functional magnetic ...
... (latero-medial and medio-lateral). Each measurement was made 3 times, with a new stimulation site chosen for each repetition. Only those stimulation sites were investigated where phosphenes were restricted to one visual hemifield. Coil positions were stereotactically registered. Functional magnetic ...
Binocular vision, the optic chiasm, and their associations with
... Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | www.frontiersin.org ...
... Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | www.frontiersin.org ...
The Optic Tectum of Birds - Department of Psychology
... The topographic projections in this system are impressive, and both Ipc and Slu possess reciprocal topographic efferent and afferent projections. From injections of red and green tracers in the tectum tight bands containing anterogradely labelled terminals and retrogradely labelled cells can be seen ...
... The topographic projections in this system are impressive, and both Ipc and Slu possess reciprocal topographic efferent and afferent projections. From injections of red and green tracers in the tectum tight bands containing anterogradely labelled terminals and retrogradely labelled cells can be seen ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... complex process of evaluating the emotional and social significance of that display given the present internal state of the viewing monkey. This evaluation takes into account the identity of the displaying monkey; he is recognized as a dominant male, with a wellgroomed, muscular body, red-pigmented ...
... complex process of evaluating the emotional and social significance of that display given the present internal state of the viewing monkey. This evaluation takes into account the identity of the displaying monkey; he is recognized as a dominant male, with a wellgroomed, muscular body, red-pigmented ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... across brain areas, for example, across regions of the cerebral cortex 1,2. Physiological and behavioural evidence suggests that canonical neural computations exist — standard computational modules that apply the same fundamental operations in a variety of contexts. A canonical neural computation ca ...
... across brain areas, for example, across regions of the cerebral cortex 1,2. Physiological and behavioural evidence suggests that canonical neural computations exist — standard computational modules that apply the same fundamental operations in a variety of contexts. A canonical neural computation ca ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... that the mutual exclusivity of certain hues implies the existence of opponent neural coding, or that cortical simple cells are involved in form perception, may be cited as examples of linking propositions. Insofar as visual scientists are interested in explaining psychophysical data on the basis of ...
... that the mutual exclusivity of certain hues implies the existence of opponent neural coding, or that cortical simple cells are involved in form perception, may be cited as examples of linking propositions. Insofar as visual scientists are interested in explaining psychophysical data on the basis of ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... In this hierarchy, the top of the anatomical hierarchy comprises lateral frontal areas 46 and 45 and medial area 32. Area 8A, which includes the FEF, is the lowest lateral frontal area. Panel adapted with permission from Modha & Singh (2010) and Goulas et al. (2014). Division into 10 levels is arbit ...
... In this hierarchy, the top of the anatomical hierarchy comprises lateral frontal areas 46 and 45 and medial area 32. Area 8A, which includes the FEF, is the lowest lateral frontal area. Panel adapted with permission from Modha & Singh (2010) and Goulas et al. (2014). Division into 10 levels is arbit ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... Identification of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of associations has been a driving influence on learning theory and research. In Pavlovian conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS) acquires the ability to trigger a new response by virtue of being paired with an unconditio ...
... Identification of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of associations has been a driving influence on learning theory and research. In Pavlovian conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS) acquires the ability to trigger a new response by virtue of being paired with an unconditio ...
DSP-4 (N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine)
... Kittens were given N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) to deplete cortical noradrenaline (NA) in order to test whether this would affect the results of monocular deprivation. Seven kittens that received DSP-4 systemically had cortical NA depleted by 25 to 98%, and six kittens that r ...
... Kittens were given N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) to deplete cortical noradrenaline (NA) in order to test whether this would affect the results of monocular deprivation. Seven kittens that received DSP-4 systemically had cortical NA depleted by 25 to 98%, and six kittens that r ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... in cats and kittens of different ages. If NMDA receptors are involved with visual processing per se, APV might be expected to suppress some component of the visual response, and the effect should be relatively constant at different ages. If, on the other hand, the absence of functional NMDA receptor ...
... in cats and kittens of different ages. If NMDA receptors are involved with visual processing per se, APV might be expected to suppress some component of the visual response, and the effect should be relatively constant at different ages. If, on the other hand, the absence of functional NMDA receptor ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... oculomotor network and both are connected to several other areas such as temporal and lateral prefrontal cortices (Andersen 1995; Huerta and Kaas 1990; Lynch and Tian 2006). LIP sits at the interface between sensory and motor cortices (Andersen and Buneo 2002), whereas SEF is in the frontal cortex. ...
... oculomotor network and both are connected to several other areas such as temporal and lateral prefrontal cortices (Andersen 1995; Huerta and Kaas 1990; Lynch and Tian 2006). LIP sits at the interface between sensory and motor cortices (Andersen and Buneo 2002), whereas SEF is in the frontal cortex. ...
Remapping of Border Ownership in the Visual Cortex
... V1/V2 border, in which the assignment can be in error. We mainly studied cells that were border-ownership selective, as determined by the standard test using a significance criterion of p ⬍ 0.05 (see Materials and Methods), which was the case Figure 1. Paradigm for studying remapping of border-owner ...
... V1/V2 border, in which the assignment can be in error. We mainly studied cells that were border-ownership selective, as determined by the standard test using a significance criterion of p ⬍ 0.05 (see Materials and Methods), which was the case Figure 1. Paradigm for studying remapping of border-owner ...
The Timing of Response Onset and Offset in Macaque
... For LGN cells, we ran binary sequences with three types of P and A stimuli: spots, annuli, and gratings. (1) Spots: P was a disk of maximum or minimum luminance (for ON or OFF cells, respectively) presented on a gray background and confined to the central region of the RF determined from the reverse ...
... For LGN cells, we ran binary sequences with three types of P and A stimuli: spots, annuli, and gratings. (1) Spots: P was a disk of maximum or minimum luminance (for ON or OFF cells, respectively) presented on a gray background and confined to the central region of the RF determined from the reverse ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... many LGN neurons. While the contrast sensitivity of the subcortical M channel is greater than that of the P channel (Shapley and Kaplan, 1986), appropriate summation of signals from either channel could easily account for the sensitivity found in the MT. Because none of the other physiological diffe ...
... many LGN neurons. While the contrast sensitivity of the subcortical M channel is greater than that of the P channel (Shapley and Kaplan, 1986), appropriate summation of signals from either channel could easily account for the sensitivity found in the MT. Because none of the other physiological diffe ...
Lec #10_Central Vis - Biology Courses Server
... – Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? – Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells • Parallel Processing and Perception – Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perception of color,motion, and identifying object meaning ...
... – Grandmother cells: Face-selective neurons in area IT? – Probably not: Perception is not based on the activity of individual, higher order cells • Parallel Processing and Perception – Groups of cortical areas contribute to the perception of color,motion, and identifying object meaning ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... examined in retinotopically defined areas of cat visual cortex. As many callosal neurons as possible were labeled in a single animal by surgically dividing the posterior two-thirds of the corpus callosum and exposing the cut ends of callosal axons to horseradish peroxidase. The distribution of callo ...
... examined in retinotopically defined areas of cat visual cortex. As many callosal neurons as possible were labeled in a single animal by surgically dividing the posterior two-thirds of the corpus callosum and exposing the cut ends of callosal axons to horseradish peroxidase. The distribution of callo ...
Neural underpinnings of superior action
... To dissociate the role of visual and motor action representations in experts’ action perception, in the present study we investigated whether the suppression of visual and motor areas in experts had different detrimental effects with respect to novices. We applied a temporal occlusion paradigm (adap ...
... To dissociate the role of visual and motor action representations in experts’ action perception, in the present study we investigated whether the suppression of visual and motor areas in experts had different detrimental effects with respect to novices. We applied a temporal occlusion paradigm (adap ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), is an IEG-activated effector molecule that can profoundly effect the morphology of developing cortical neurons (McAllister et al., 1995), and has been implicated in formation of ODCs (Cabelli et al., 1995). Other potential activityregulated IEG targets are effector genes ...
... 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), is an IEG-activated effector molecule that can profoundly effect the morphology of developing cortical neurons (McAllister et al., 1995), and has been implicated in formation of ODCs (Cabelli et al., 1995). Other potential activityregulated IEG targets are effector genes ...
Intention, Action Planning, and Decision Making in Parietal
... This effector specificity reflecting the animals’ choice for identical visual stimuli must be related to the decision and planning of the animals and not to the sensory meaning of the stimuli. Nor can this differential response be due to spatial attention, since the targets are always in the same lo ...
... This effector specificity reflecting the animals’ choice for identical visual stimuli must be related to the decision and planning of the animals and not to the sensory meaning of the stimuli. Nor can this differential response be due to spatial attention, since the targets are always in the same lo ...