Reflexes Reaction time
... Types of reflexes • conditional (classical conditioning, Pavlovian or respondent conditioning, Pavlovian reinforcement): – a form of associative learning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov – classical conditioning involves presentations of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some si ...
... Types of reflexes • conditional (classical conditioning, Pavlovian or respondent conditioning, Pavlovian reinforcement): – a form of associative learning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov – classical conditioning involves presentations of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some si ...
directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental
... are called the vestibulo-ocular reflex when only vestibular inputs are involved and are called optokinetic eye movements when only visual inputs are involved. Between these extremes there is a broad range within the spectrum of normal head movements where both visual and vestibular signals are used. ...
... are called the vestibulo-ocular reflex when only vestibular inputs are involved and are called optokinetic eye movements when only visual inputs are involved. Between these extremes there is a broad range within the spectrum of normal head movements where both visual and vestibular signals are used. ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... mainly used for stimulus and unit selection. We will briefly report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (see below). Location selectivity mapping task. In the location selectivity mapping task, a yellow fixation square ...
... mainly used for stimulus and unit selection. We will briefly report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (see below). Location selectivity mapping task. In the location selectivity mapping task, a yellow fixation square ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... of strong spatial and temporal correlations present in natural visual scenes7, 8 , and given that neurons in a column share common preferences for visual features? Several neural models have been proposed to reduce correlations in network activity, including non-linearity of spike generation, synapt ...
... of strong spatial and temporal correlations present in natural visual scenes7, 8 , and given that neurons in a column share common preferences for visual features? Several neural models have been proposed to reduce correlations in network activity, including non-linearity of spike generation, synapt ...
Article
... reset on cue. Temporal arithmetic cannot be performed due to the absence of a linear metric of time. SDNs predict that performance on the FIX condition will be similar for the 2T and 3T stimuli because the feedback at the end of each trial can be used to establish consistent states on which to build ...
... reset on cue. Temporal arithmetic cannot be performed due to the absence of a linear metric of time. SDNs predict that performance on the FIX condition will be similar for the 2T and 3T stimuli because the feedback at the end of each trial can be used to establish consistent states on which to build ...
Brain oscillations in perception and memory
... these methods yields results leading to the conclusion that alpha-, theta-, delta-, and gammaresponses are functionally relevant brain responses-related to psychophysiological functions, in short, ‘real signals’ ŽBaşar, 1998, 1999.. We intend to show that these oscillations have multifold functions ...
... these methods yields results leading to the conclusion that alpha-, theta-, delta-, and gammaresponses are functionally relevant brain responses-related to psychophysiological functions, in short, ‘real signals’ ŽBaşar, 1998, 1999.. We intend to show that these oscillations have multifold functions ...
Suppression of Neural Responses to Nonoptimal Stimuli Correlates
... Angeles, California 90095; and 4Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003 ...
... Angeles, California 90095; and 4Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003 ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... presented in the contralesional hemifield. Neglect has been elicited in experimental models of the rat, cat and monkey, and is thought to result in part from a pathological state of inhibition exerted on the damaged hemisphere by the hyperexcited intact hemisphere. We sought to test this theory by a ...
... presented in the contralesional hemifield. Neglect has been elicited in experimental models of the rat, cat and monkey, and is thought to result in part from a pathological state of inhibition exerted on the damaged hemisphere by the hyperexcited intact hemisphere. We sought to test this theory by a ...
Structural brain MRI studies in eye diseases: are they clinically
... grey matter volume at the occipital poles in albinism. The location of the decrease in grey matter corresponds to the cortical representation of the central visual field. This reduction was possibly a direct result of decreased ganglion cell numbers in the central retina in albinism. Moreover, the ca ...
... grey matter volume at the occipital poles in albinism. The location of the decrease in grey matter corresponds to the cortical representation of the central visual field. This reduction was possibly a direct result of decreased ganglion cell numbers in the central retina in albinism. Moreover, the ca ...
The role responses of expression and identity in the face
... neuron were measured to a standard digitized set of stimuli of different faces and of non-face stimuli ~. If a neuron responded to one or more of the faces, but to none of the non-face stimuli in the set, then a wide range of digitized and real 3-dimensional non-face stimuli were shown, to determine ...
... neuron were measured to a standard digitized set of stimuli of different faces and of non-face stimuli ~. If a neuron responded to one or more of the faces, but to none of the non-face stimuli in the set, then a wide range of digitized and real 3-dimensional non-face stimuli were shown, to determine ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... nucleus. The two most ventral layers of the nucleus contain relatively large cells and are known as the magnocellular layers; their main retinal input is from M ganglion cells. The four dorsal layers are known as parvocellular layers and receive input from P ganglion cells. Both the magnocellular an ...
... nucleus. The two most ventral layers of the nucleus contain relatively large cells and are known as the magnocellular layers; their main retinal input is from M ganglion cells. The four dorsal layers are known as parvocellular layers and receive input from P ganglion cells. Both the magnocellular an ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... stem can localize sound; it can be trained to lick when a sound is presented to its right, and to inhibit licking when a sound is presented to its left. Thus, the brain stem can transmit left/right differences in neuronal firing pattern to the centers that control licking. But the same decorticate an ...
... stem can localize sound; it can be trained to lick when a sound is presented to its right, and to inhibit licking when a sound is presented to its left. Thus, the brain stem can transmit left/right differences in neuronal firing pattern to the centers that control licking. But the same decorticate an ...
Stop Using Introspection to Gather Data for the Design of... Modeling and Spatial Assistance
... Psychological “facts”, Part 7: Individual differences in reasoning In Ruff, Knauff, Fangmeier, and Spreer (2003), we measured brain activity with fMRI, measured the participants’ spatial ability with a well-known subset of tasks from an intelligence inventory, and interviewed the participants on how ...
... Psychological “facts”, Part 7: Individual differences in reasoning In Ruff, Knauff, Fangmeier, and Spreer (2003), we measured brain activity with fMRI, measured the participants’ spatial ability with a well-known subset of tasks from an intelligence inventory, and interviewed the participants on how ...
ppt - UC Davis Imaging Research Center
... One block of each condition was presented in each run, and the starting condition was random between runs. Only the 2nd trial of each pair was analyzed ROIs were obtained using a shift (2) x task (2) x time (7) ANOVA. Voxel-wise tests used a threshold of p < .001 and a cluster size of 4 voxels ...
... One block of each condition was presented in each run, and the starting condition was random between runs. Only the 2nd trial of each pair was analyzed ROIs were obtained using a shift (2) x task (2) x time (7) ANOVA. Voxel-wise tests used a threshold of p < .001 and a cluster size of 4 voxels ...
urn_nbn_fi_jyu-20
... seems particulary revealing, since the like has not been done before in the context of inattentional blindness – there is no apparent parallel to this in the sense of “visual experts”, although students of film direction may be an interesting choice here. Another specific feature of the studies pres ...
... seems particulary revealing, since the like has not been done before in the context of inattentional blindness – there is no apparent parallel to this in the sense of “visual experts”, although students of film direction may be an interesting choice here. Another specific feature of the studies pres ...
Cues that hippocampal place cells encode
... situations distal visual stimuli were emphasized whereas local cues were minimized by randomizing their locations, by making them irrelevant to task performance (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; O’Keefe and Burgess, 1996), and sometimes by randomizing the location of ongoing behavior relevant to those cu ...
... situations distal visual stimuli were emphasized whereas local cues were minimized by randomizing their locations, by making them irrelevant to task performance (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; O’Keefe and Burgess, 1996), and sometimes by randomizing the location of ongoing behavior relevant to those cu ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... Noninvasive imaging techniques showed that the anterior cingulate cortex is related to higher-order cognitive and motor-related functions in humans. To elucidate the cellular mechanism of such cingulate functions, single-unit activity was recorded from three cingulate motor areas of macaque monkeys ...
... Noninvasive imaging techniques showed that the anterior cingulate cortex is related to higher-order cognitive and motor-related functions in humans. To elucidate the cellular mechanism of such cingulate functions, single-unit activity was recorded from three cingulate motor areas of macaque monkeys ...
The dynamic spatio-temporal behavior of visual responses in
... evidence accumulated not later than around 1970 [6,57,61,72], indicate that visual information processing must be a process utilizing recurrent loops and involving massive dynamic interactions. It is thus puzzling that visual cortical receptive fields were for a very long time regarded as rather sta ...
... evidence accumulated not later than around 1970 [6,57,61,72], indicate that visual information processing must be a process utilizing recurrent loops and involving massive dynamic interactions. It is thus puzzling that visual cortical receptive fields were for a very long time regarded as rather sta ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... The primate L2/3 pyramidal neurons target L5 and L6 neurons of V1, but send also horizontal axon projections to V2 [86] and transmit the excitatory electric signal to deeper visual brain areas. The L6 neurons of V1 backproject to LGN (see Figure 2). Even though the excitatory signal sent by primate ...
... The primate L2/3 pyramidal neurons target L5 and L6 neurons of V1, but send also horizontal axon projections to V2 [86] and transmit the excitatory electric signal to deeper visual brain areas. The L6 neurons of V1 backproject to LGN (see Figure 2). Even though the excitatory signal sent by primate ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... A Neural Theory of Visual Attention: Bridging Cognition and Neurophysiology Claus Bundesen, Thomas Habekost, and Søren Kyllingsbæk University of Copenhagen A neural theory of visual attention (NTVA) is presented. NTVA is a neural interpretation of C. Bundesen’s (1990) theory of visual attention (TVA ...
... A Neural Theory of Visual Attention: Bridging Cognition and Neurophysiology Claus Bundesen, Thomas Habekost, and Søren Kyllingsbæk University of Copenhagen A neural theory of visual attention (NTVA) is presented. NTVA is a neural interpretation of C. Bundesen’s (1990) theory of visual attention (TVA ...
Molecular Basis for Induction of Ocular Dominance
... The LTD model in visual cortex clearly shares many of the key properties of deprivation-induced synaptic depression, and it clearly has considerable explanatory power. It would be unlucky indeed if the eventual understanding of the molecular basis for the developmental decline in LTD did not yield a ...
... The LTD model in visual cortex clearly shares many of the key properties of deprivation-induced synaptic depression, and it clearly has considerable explanatory power. It would be unlucky indeed if the eventual understanding of the molecular basis for the developmental decline in LTD did not yield a ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... of PB’s spared colour processing. In summary, while the psychophysical testing revealed a striking dissociation between shape and colour processing, these latter imaging results, combined with our recent fMRI results, also suggest that information about an object’s colour is extracted relatively ear ...
... of PB’s spared colour processing. In summary, while the psychophysical testing revealed a striking dissociation between shape and colour processing, these latter imaging results, combined with our recent fMRI results, also suggest that information about an object’s colour is extracted relatively ear ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
Acquired Equivalence and Distinctiveness of Cues
... Revaluation of A and C and Test Trials With B and D Prior to the appetitive revaluation procedure, we established that rats’ behavior in the presence of B and D did not differ (see following Results section). We did this by recording the rates of magazine entries during the 10-s periods that immedia ...
... Revaluation of A and C and Test Trials With B and D Prior to the appetitive revaluation procedure, we established that rats’ behavior in the presence of B and D did not differ (see following Results section). We did this by recording the rates of magazine entries during the 10-s periods that immedia ...