gross_neuroanatomy-1
... surface of the brain. Unlike other sulci that delineate lobes, TO is much more variable between individuals and it is not easy to identify • The functional overlap between posterior temporal and occipital cortices is also reflected by the lack of one or more sulci that divide the temporal from the ...
... surface of the brain. Unlike other sulci that delineate lobes, TO is much more variable between individuals and it is not easy to identify • The functional overlap between posterior temporal and occipital cortices is also reflected by the lack of one or more sulci that divide the temporal from the ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... As a result, an adapter presented on the tuning curve flank causes a local reduction in responsiveness and a repulsive shift (i.e., away from the adapter) in the cell’s preference (Fig. 3A). Repulsive shifts have been observed in V1 tuning for spatial frequency (Saul and Cynader 1989a), temporal fre ...
... As a result, an adapter presented on the tuning curve flank causes a local reduction in responsiveness and a repulsive shift (i.e., away from the adapter) in the cell’s preference (Fig. 3A). Repulsive shifts have been observed in V1 tuning for spatial frequency (Saul and Cynader 1989a), temporal fre ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... of bottom-up processes, understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying top-down effects is still poor. Several studies addressed the physiology of top-down mechanisms in the visual system considering the effects of attention (Moran and Desimone, 1985; Posner and Petersen, 1990; Desimone and Dunca ...
... of bottom-up processes, understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying top-down effects is still poor. Several studies addressed the physiology of top-down mechanisms in the visual system considering the effects of attention (Moran and Desimone, 1985; Posner and Petersen, 1990; Desimone and Dunca ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... observed was specific to faces and not just any arbitrary visual stimulus paired with the voice, we ran a control condition. Because there are many possible control stimuli for faces (none of which are ideal), we decided to use controls for which there are behavioral data. These were videos that mim ...
... observed was specific to faces and not just any arbitrary visual stimulus paired with the voice, we ran a control condition. Because there are many possible control stimuli for faces (none of which are ideal), we decided to use controls for which there are behavioral data. These were videos that mim ...
J Comp Physiol (1982) 149: 179 193
... whether the transient excitation of VS-cells is caused by the increase or decrease of brightness which occur almost simultaneously in flashes of 20 µs duration. Step responses are appropriate to decide this question, and have been recorded in 21 VSpenetrations. Since impulse responses decline within ...
... whether the transient excitation of VS-cells is caused by the increase or decrease of brightness which occur almost simultaneously in flashes of 20 µs duration. Step responses are appropriate to decide this question, and have been recorded in 21 VSpenetrations. Since impulse responses decline within ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesis that activation of MC PG-sensitive mGluRs is a requirement for induction of these forms of synaptic plasticity. Because of the simil ...
... In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesis that activation of MC PG-sensitive mGluRs is a requirement for induction of these forms of synaptic plasticity. Because of the simil ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... To investigate if the effects of the reward cues and the central attention cues are correlated across neurons, we calculated a reward modulation index (MIrew) for every recording site in the first delay using conditions with the most extreme relative values MIRew=(RHigh– RNo)/(RHigh+RNo), and compar ...
... To investigate if the effects of the reward cues and the central attention cues are correlated across neurons, we calculated a reward modulation index (MIrew) for every recording site in the first delay using conditions with the most extreme relative values MIRew=(RHigh– RNo)/(RHigh+RNo), and compar ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... very recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants were engaged in an STM task requiring the retention of either the color or the orientation of a stimulus for subsequent comparison with a second stimulus (Serences et al., 2009). They found activation associated with the me ...
... very recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants were engaged in an STM task requiring the retention of either the color or the orientation of a stimulus for subsequent comparison with a second stimulus (Serences et al., 2009). They found activation associated with the me ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... Monkeys were trained to perform a two-alternative forced-choice body/non-body categorization task. The monkey initiated a trial by fixating on a fixation point within a 2.4◦ × 2.4◦ window at the center of the screen for one of the three variable durations (350, 400 or 450 ms). The fixation time was ...
... Monkeys were trained to perform a two-alternative forced-choice body/non-body categorization task. The monkey initiated a trial by fixating on a fixation point within a 2.4◦ × 2.4◦ window at the center of the screen for one of the three variable durations (350, 400 or 450 ms). The fixation time was ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensity of the taste of umami produced by the mixture of MSG and IMP was greater than that produced by the MSG alone (even if ...
... the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensity of the taste of umami produced by the mixture of MSG and IMP was greater than that produced by the MSG alone (even if ...
Where is a Nose with Respect to a Foot? The Left
... even though a recent group study suggested that the left middle temporal cortex might be involved as well (Schwoebel and Coslett 2005). Moreover, fMRI studies associated both the middle temporal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex of the left hemisphere with tasks which may tap the BSD. For ins ...
... even though a recent group study suggested that the left middle temporal cortex might be involved as well (Schwoebel and Coslett 2005). Moreover, fMRI studies associated both the middle temporal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex of the left hemisphere with tasks which may tap the BSD. For ins ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... Cortical feedforward inputs to MT come from several areas, including V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP, and PIP (Maunsell & Van Essen 1983c, Felleman & Van Essen 1991); those from V2, V1, and V3 are the largest inputs, judging from the numbers of labeled neurons in each area after MT injections (Maunsell & Van Es ...
... Cortical feedforward inputs to MT come from several areas, including V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP, and PIP (Maunsell & Van Essen 1983c, Felleman & Van Essen 1991); those from V2, V1, and V3 are the largest inputs, judging from the numbers of labeled neurons in each area after MT injections (Maunsell & Van Es ...
Functional Properties of Neurons in Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... be that MT is concerned only with restricted aspects of visual motion. It is known that many neurons in macaque VI are direction selective (14, 46), and the only conspicuous difference between this population and neurons in MT is the larger receptive fields of the latter. However, it may simply be t ...
... be that MT is concerned only with restricted aspects of visual motion. It is known that many neurons in macaque VI are direction selective (14, 46), and the only conspicuous difference between this population and neurons in MT is the larger receptive fields of the latter. However, it may simply be t ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... Evidence of category specificity from neuroimaging in the human visual system is generally limited to a few relatively coarse categorical distinctions— e.g., faces versus bodies, or animals versus artifacts—leaving unknown the neural underpinnings of fine-grained category structure within these larg ...
... Evidence of category specificity from neuroimaging in the human visual system is generally limited to a few relatively coarse categorical distinctions— e.g., faces versus bodies, or animals versus artifacts—leaving unknown the neural underpinnings of fine-grained category structure within these larg ...
memory systems in the brain
... of the intended relevance to humans, emphasis is placed here on research in nonhuman primates. This is important because many brain systems, including systems in the temporal lobes and the prefrontal cortex, have undergone considerable development in primates. The elaboration of some of these brain ...
... of the intended relevance to humans, emphasis is placed here on research in nonhuman primates. This is important because many brain systems, including systems in the temporal lobes and the prefrontal cortex, have undergone considerable development in primates. The elaboration of some of these brain ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... Cortical feedforward inputs to MT come from several areas, including V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP, and PIP (Maunsell & Van Essen 1983c, Felleman & Van Essen 1991); those from V2, V1, and V3 are the largest inputs, judging from the numbers of labeled neurons in each area after MT injections (Maunsell & Van Es ...
... Cortical feedforward inputs to MT come from several areas, including V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP, and PIP (Maunsell & Van Essen 1983c, Felleman & Van Essen 1991); those from V2, V1, and V3 are the largest inputs, judging from the numbers of labeled neurons in each area after MT injections (Maunsell & Van Es ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... The fact that processing of consonant and dissonant musical chords recruits both the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex makes such stimuli relevant in addressing outstanding issues regarding the emotion cerebral network. A number of studies have reported on the latency of processing in the amygdala a ...
... The fact that processing of consonant and dissonant musical chords recruits both the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex makes such stimuli relevant in addressing outstanding issues regarding the emotion cerebral network. A number of studies have reported on the latency of processing in the amygdala a ...
Rapid Critical Period Induction by Tonic Inhibition in Visual Cortex
... must, therefore, play a critical role in starting experiencedependent changes that are eventually consolidated by other factors. Brief diazepam exposure triggers a limited sensitive period for MD Whereas initial 2 d infusion had a prominent effect on OD shifts, preinjection of DZ just the day before ...
... must, therefore, play a critical role in starting experiencedependent changes that are eventually consolidated by other factors. Brief diazepam exposure triggers a limited sensitive period for MD Whereas initial 2 d infusion had a prominent effect on OD shifts, preinjection of DZ just the day before ...
Extended PDF
... disparity that was found in parietal areas, we observed a main effect of spatial disparity in low-level visual areas V1 and, marginally significant, in V2 (cf. solid lines are below dotted lines in V1 and V2; Figure 2C; Table 1). Only for small spatial disparities auditory signals exerted an ‘‘attra ...
... disparity that was found in parietal areas, we observed a main effect of spatial disparity in low-level visual areas V1 and, marginally significant, in V2 (cf. solid lines are below dotted lines in V1 and V2; Figure 2C; Table 1). Only for small spatial disparities auditory signals exerted an ‘‘attra ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... orientation, direction and velocity, and all responses are averages of 12 stimulus repetitions, randomly interleaved. Central grating stimuli were presented again in conjunction with a high-contrast iso-orientation surround grating. Only the contrast of the central grating was changed. Resulting con ...
... orientation, direction and velocity, and all responses are averages of 12 stimulus repetitions, randomly interleaved. Central grating stimuli were presented again in conjunction with a high-contrast iso-orientation surround grating. Only the contrast of the central grating was changed. Resulting con ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... regression lines of the two populations showed about the same slope but signi®cantly different values of intercept. This means that RFs located in the upper visual ®eld were on average larger than those in the lower visual ®eld, at any value of eccentricity (ANCOVA, P < 0.0001). Figure 4 shows the r ...
... regression lines of the two populations showed about the same slope but signi®cantly different values of intercept. This means that RFs located in the upper visual ®eld were on average larger than those in the lower visual ®eld, at any value of eccentricity (ANCOVA, P < 0.0001). Figure 4 shows the r ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... signal detection analysis (Green and Swets, ...
... signal detection analysis (Green and Swets, ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... it possible to visualize the cortical regions that are activated during sensory perception. Apparently unitary perceptual experience actually involves the parallel activation of many different sensory representations on the cortical surface. For example, visually responsive regions cover more than 3 ...
... it possible to visualize the cortical regions that are activated during sensory perception. Apparently unitary perceptual experience actually involves the parallel activation of many different sensory representations on the cortical surface. For example, visually responsive regions cover more than 3 ...
connect_review_20150316 - Royal Holloway, University of London
... There are many areas sensitive to categories other than faces. Dorsal occipitotemporal areas show preferences for body actions and biological motion perception (Giese and Poggio, 2003; Kilner, 2011) including hMT+/V5 and an area in posterior STS (Peuskens et al., 2005; Grosbras et al., 2012). This p ...
... There are many areas sensitive to categories other than faces. Dorsal occipitotemporal areas show preferences for body actions and biological motion perception (Giese and Poggio, 2003; Kilner, 2011) including hMT+/V5 and an area in posterior STS (Peuskens et al., 2005; Grosbras et al., 2012). This p ...
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary
... cumulative monetary awards were given at the end of each block (10). ERPs were computed by averaging the EEG records associated with each type of outcome stimulus (11). Figure 2 compares the ERPs from gain trials and loss trials. It shows a negativepolarity ERP, beginning at about 200 ms after the o ...
... cumulative monetary awards were given at the end of each block (10). ERPs were computed by averaging the EEG records associated with each type of outcome stimulus (11). Figure 2 compares the ERPs from gain trials and loss trials. It shows a negativepolarity ERP, beginning at about 200 ms after the o ...