Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... FIG. 2. Effect of picrotoxin on the responses to visual stimuli of the LGMD and of neuronal populations recorded in the medulla. A: 5 sample traces of intracellular recordings from the LGMD in response to a looming stimulus (l/!v! & 30 ms, illustrated in the top panels) are shown at the bottom. The ...
... FIG. 2. Effect of picrotoxin on the responses to visual stimuli of the LGMD and of neuronal populations recorded in the medulla. A: 5 sample traces of intracellular recordings from the LGMD in response to a looming stimulus (l/!v! & 30 ms, illustrated in the top panels) are shown at the bottom. The ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... Following the injections, the injection sites were thoroughly rinsed with saline to remove any excess tracer, and Gelfoam was placed over the cortex of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus and inferior temporal gyrus. The dura was sutured, the bone flap replaced, and the wound closed in anat ...
... Following the injections, the injection sites were thoroughly rinsed with saline to remove any excess tracer, and Gelfoam was placed over the cortex of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus and inferior temporal gyrus. The dura was sutured, the bone flap replaced, and the wound closed in anat ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... response to repeated presentation of a light stimulus (figure 1a), neurons in the IT cortex initially showed a large response (figure 1b), but with repeated exposure to the stimulus the response waned (figure 1c–d). When the stimulus was presented again, after it had been turned off for 15 min, the ...
... response to repeated presentation of a light stimulus (figure 1a), neurons in the IT cortex initially showed a large response (figure 1b), but with repeated exposure to the stimulus the response waned (figure 1c–d). When the stimulus was presented again, after it had been turned off for 15 min, the ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... discharge steadily but stop firing during some or all saccades (omnipause neurons [OPNs]). Several models (e.g., Scudder 1988) have suggested how these neurons might participate in saccade generation. A trigger signal, probably from the SC, causes OPNs to pause their firing momentarily, which then d ...
... discharge steadily but stop firing during some or all saccades (omnipause neurons [OPNs]). Several models (e.g., Scudder 1988) have suggested how these neurons might participate in saccade generation. A trigger signal, probably from the SC, causes OPNs to pause their firing momentarily, which then d ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... rats. Also using self-stimulation techniques, Gallistel and Beagley (1971) found that rats choose stimulation at one hypothalamic site when hungry and at a different site when thirsty. Using functional imaging techniques Francis et al. (1999) found three different areas for pleasure of touch, taste ...
... rats. Also using self-stimulation techniques, Gallistel and Beagley (1971) found that rats choose stimulation at one hypothalamic site when hungry and at a different site when thirsty. Using functional imaging techniques Francis et al. (1999) found three different areas for pleasure of touch, taste ...
Modulation of Behavior by Expected Reward Magnitude Depends
... This experiment examined the effects of a pDMS DA depletion on acquisition of conditional discrimination task. Animals Twenty-three Lister-Hooded rats (Harlan-Winkelmann, Borchen, Germany) weighing 190–210 g on arrival and 240–270 g at the time of surgery were kept under the same conditions as descr ...
... This experiment examined the effects of a pDMS DA depletion on acquisition of conditional discrimination task. Animals Twenty-three Lister-Hooded rats (Harlan-Winkelmann, Borchen, Germany) weighing 190–210 g on arrival and 240–270 g at the time of surgery were kept under the same conditions as descr ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... McPeek, Robert M., and Edward L. Keller. Saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during a visual search task. J Neurophysiol 88: 2019 –2034, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00181.2002. Because realworld scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many ...
... McPeek, Robert M., and Edward L. Keller. Saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during a visual search task. J Neurophysiol 88: 2019 –2034, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00181.2002. Because realworld scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... large-scale model (16,000 neurons) of four hypercolumns in layer 4ca of macaque V1 incorporating known facts about the physiology and anatomy. This model accounts for many visual properties of V1 neurons, among them orientation selectivity. One innovation in this model is its realism: the spatial st ...
... large-scale model (16,000 neurons) of four hypercolumns in layer 4ca of macaque V1 incorporating known facts about the physiology and anatomy. This model accounts for many visual properties of V1 neurons, among them orientation selectivity. One innovation in this model is its realism: the spatial st ...
Viktor`s Notes * Optic Nerve and Visual Pathways Disorders
... most cases are due to MS!!!; idiopathic cases are more common than with papillitis. ophthalmoscopy - fundus appears normal (vs. in papillitis). No disc swelling!!! “Patient sees nothing, and doctor sees nothing”; in recurrent cases optic atrophy may be visible. ...
... most cases are due to MS!!!; idiopathic cases are more common than with papillitis. ophthalmoscopy - fundus appears normal (vs. in papillitis). No disc swelling!!! “Patient sees nothing, and doctor sees nothing”; in recurrent cases optic atrophy may be visible. ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
Link
... is more responsive to visual stimuli in the contralateral versus ipsilateral visual field and, moreover, that its activity can be modulated by attention [39,41]. However, the contralateral predominance in the human SC for the execution of endogenously cued saccades has not yet been reported. The mai ...
... is more responsive to visual stimuli in the contralateral versus ipsilateral visual field and, moreover, that its activity can be modulated by attention [39,41]. However, the contralateral predominance in the human SC for the execution of endogenously cued saccades has not yet been reported. The mai ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... Pidoux and Verley (1979) recorded S1 local field potential (LFP) responses to ipsilateral whisker stimulation in anesthetized rats, the first electrophysiological evidence of cross talk between the S1 hemispheres. Shuler et al. (2001) demonstrated that whisker stimulation on either side of the face ...
... Pidoux and Verley (1979) recorded S1 local field potential (LFP) responses to ipsilateral whisker stimulation in anesthetized rats, the first electrophysiological evidence of cross talk between the S1 hemispheres. Shuler et al. (2001) demonstrated that whisker stimulation on either side of the face ...
Preserving information in neural transmission - CNL
... then multiplying by the inverse of the covariance matrix. These vectors ranged 200 ms before a spike, and were binned every 4 ms. Stimuli were resampled at 250 Hz to match the bin size of the spike analysis. No correction was made to account for the EPSP-spike delay (usually ⬍1 ms), as it was smalle ...
... then multiplying by the inverse of the covariance matrix. These vectors ranged 200 ms before a spike, and were binned every 4 ms. Stimuli were resampled at 250 Hz to match the bin size of the spike analysis. No correction was made to account for the EPSP-spike delay (usually ⬍1 ms), as it was smalle ...
The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention
... complex high-level cognitive functions by successively lower neural levels of description benefits from neuroscientific research approaches, and that efforts to determine low-level neuronal mechanisms of cognitive functions benefit from cognitive construct-driven research in humans [25,63,76]. Furth ...
... complex high-level cognitive functions by successively lower neural levels of description benefits from neuroscientific research approaches, and that efforts to determine low-level neuronal mechanisms of cognitive functions benefit from cognitive construct-driven research in humans [25,63,76]. Furth ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... of the task and the different trial types. The large boxes are the screen on which visual stimuli were displayed. The cross represents the fixation point, and the small box indicates the eye position criterion window for correct performance of the task. Each of these trial types was randomly interle ...
... of the task and the different trial types. The large boxes are the screen on which visual stimuli were displayed. The cross represents the fixation point, and the small box indicates the eye position criterion window for correct performance of the task. Each of these trial types was randomly interle ...
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
... images. All participants reported that during rest, it had been “dark in their mind’s eye” (Roland et al., 1987). After the participants finished the task, they indicated the location where they had arrived and this location was looked up on a map. Authors did not report whether the participants mad ...
... images. All participants reported that during rest, it had been “dark in their mind’s eye” (Roland et al., 1987). After the participants finished the task, they indicated the location where they had arrived and this location was looked up on a map. Authors did not report whether the participants mad ...
Bounded Integration in Parietal Cortex Underlies
... Action potentials of individual neurons were sorted either by using a dual voltage-time window discriminator (Bak Electronics, Germantown, MD) or by template matching (Alpha Omega). The time of action potentials, trial events, and horizontal/vertical eye positions were stored at 1 kHz for analysis. ...
... Action potentials of individual neurons were sorted either by using a dual voltage-time window discriminator (Bak Electronics, Germantown, MD) or by template matching (Alpha Omega). The time of action potentials, trial events, and horizontal/vertical eye positions were stored at 1 kHz for analysis. ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... Figure 1. A, A brain section stained for cytochrome oxidase from marmoset 12W. The ICC is present in this section, shown by the dark staining indicated by the arrow, but the BIN is not, and there are no tracks. B, Another brain section in the same animal located 2.35 mm anterior to the section in A. ...
... Figure 1. A, A brain section stained for cytochrome oxidase from marmoset 12W. The ICC is present in this section, shown by the dark staining indicated by the arrow, but the BIN is not, and there are no tracks. B, Another brain section in the same animal located 2.35 mm anterior to the section in A. ...
Timescales of Inference in Visual Adaptation
... The exponential fits in Figures 2C and 2D (red traces) begin after the first component—i.e., at a fixed time after the luminance step onset. The responses are plotted on equal time axes but the second component of the responses appears different, suggesting that the timescale of adaptation is differ ...
... The exponential fits in Figures 2C and 2D (red traces) begin after the first component—i.e., at a fixed time after the luminance step onset. The responses are plotted on equal time axes but the second component of the responses appears different, suggesting that the timescale of adaptation is differ ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... the animals conformed to the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the regulations of the National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan. Behavioral task. The procedure for the PA task is described in detail elsewhere (Sakai and Miyashita, 1991; Naya et al., 1996, 2001). In ...
... the animals conformed to the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the regulations of the National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan. Behavioral task. The procedure for the PA task is described in detail elsewhere (Sakai and Miyashita, 1991; Naya et al., 1996, 2001). In ...
Hands Up: Attentional Prioritization of Space Near the Hand
... whether the distribution of visuospatial attention can be modulated by the presence of the hand in peripersonal space and, if so, which attentional mechanisms—prioritization of space or shifting location—are most affected. The experiments used a purely visual covert attention paradigm with highly pr ...
... whether the distribution of visuospatial attention can be modulated by the presence of the hand in peripersonal space and, if so, which attentional mechanisms—prioritization of space or shifting location—are most affected. The experiments used a purely visual covert attention paradigm with highly pr ...
Selectivity and Tolerance - Center for Neural Science
... constructed from the same materials (glass-coated tungsten) by the same manufacturer (Alpha Omega) and matched in impedance (⬃0.5 M⍀). Before each recording session, an electrode was advanced to the appropriate visual area. After allowing the electrode 15–30 min to settle, it was then slowly advance ...
... constructed from the same materials (glass-coated tungsten) by the same manufacturer (Alpha Omega) and matched in impedance (⬃0.5 M⍀). Before each recording session, an electrode was advanced to the appropriate visual area. After allowing the electrode 15–30 min to settle, it was then slowly advance ...
Selectivity and Tolerance - Penn Arts and Sciences
... constructed from the same materials (glass-coated tungsten) by the same manufacturer (Alpha Omega) and matched in impedance (#0.5 M%). Before each recording session, an electrode was advanced to the appropriate visual area. After allowing the electrode 15–30 min to settle, it was then slowly advance ...
... constructed from the same materials (glass-coated tungsten) by the same manufacturer (Alpha Omega) and matched in impedance (#0.5 M%). Before each recording session, an electrode was advanced to the appropriate visual area. After allowing the electrode 15–30 min to settle, it was then slowly advance ...
Research paper: Perceptual and Visual Void on the Architectural
... activities, making a rich environment in terms of the user in the form itself, and thus in the space and etc. Perceptual/visual voids directly indicate two subheadings. These are the concepts of transparency and permeability. Although these concepts have been widely discussed on architectural buildi ...
... activities, making a rich environment in terms of the user in the form itself, and thus in the space and etc. Perceptual/visual voids directly indicate two subheadings. These are the concepts of transparency and permeability. Although these concepts have been widely discussed on architectural buildi ...
Insect Bio-inspired Neural Network Provides New Evidence on How
... visual stimuli, some form of location invariance of a stimulus on the retinae would undoubtedly be required, as it is unlikely bees would perfectly align the stimulus against their eyes on every single flight in order to make a discrimination decision. Indeed it would be an undesirable necessity tha ...
... visual stimuli, some form of location invariance of a stimulus on the retinae would undoubtedly be required, as it is unlikely bees would perfectly align the stimulus against their eyes on every single flight in order to make a discrimination decision. Indeed it would be an undesirable necessity tha ...