MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that synaptic plasticity is greater in juveniles than in adults. However, it has been known for some time that peripheral deafferentation in adult animals can induc ...
... of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that synaptic plasticity is greater in juveniles than in adults. However, it has been known for some time that peripheral deafferentation in adult animals can induc ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... a common, well-documented system of editing together camera shots called continuity editing, a system of editing that is designed to maintain a continuous and clear narrative action (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006; Cutting, 2005). It relies on a variety of technical procedures designed to ...
... a common, well-documented system of editing together camera shots called continuity editing, a system of editing that is designed to maintain a continuous and clear narrative action (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006; Cutting, 2005). It relies on a variety of technical procedures designed to ...
A Selection Model for Motion Processing in Area MT
... velocity of objects in visual scenes,even when there are occluding and transparent objectspresent(Nowlan and Sejnowski, 1994).The model departsfrom previous methodsfor estimating local velocity that attempt to estimate the local velocity at all imagelocations, called the optical flow field (Horn and ...
... velocity of objects in visual scenes,even when there are occluding and transparent objectspresent(Nowlan and Sejnowski, 1994).The model departsfrom previous methodsfor estimating local velocity that attempt to estimate the local velocity at all imagelocations, called the optical flow field (Horn and ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... increasing size and sophistication, each effectively a local filter, situated at each successive stage. In this bottom-up “vision-as-analysis” framework, neurons in the primary visual cortex (area V1) are sensitive only or principally to stimulation within spatially restricted receptive fields (clas ...
... increasing size and sophistication, each effectively a local filter, situated at each successive stage. In this bottom-up “vision-as-analysis” framework, neurons in the primary visual cortex (area V1) are sensitive only or principally to stimulation within spatially restricted receptive fields (clas ...
The cortical column: a structure without a function
... spanning the layers of the somatosensory cortex, which contains cells responsive to only a single modality, such as deep joint receptors or cutaneous receptors. Subsequently, examples of columns have been uncovered in numerous cortical areas, expanding the original concept to embrace a variety of di ...
... spanning the layers of the somatosensory cortex, which contains cells responsive to only a single modality, such as deep joint receptors or cutaneous receptors. Subsequently, examples of columns have been uncovered in numerous cortical areas, expanding the original concept to embrace a variety of di ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... (1992) showed that the amplitude of the ERN increased as participants were motivated, via a payoff function, to strive for accuracy over speed in a choice reaction-time task (see also Gehring et al., 1993). His work has suggested that the system that produces the ERN is sensitive to the importance o ...
... (1992) showed that the amplitude of the ERN increased as participants were motivated, via a payoff function, to strive for accuracy over speed in a choice reaction-time task (see also Gehring et al., 1993). His work has suggested that the system that produces the ERN is sensitive to the importance o ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. They proposed that some mutual connectivity was also required within the pools of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons to stabilize the oscillations. Similar models we ...
... olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. They proposed that some mutual connectivity was also required within the pools of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons to stabilize the oscillations. Similar models we ...
Neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex code relative
... The monkeys performed a delayed color matching task, in which they learned to memorize the color of a cue stimulus and to choose the same color target after a delay. We used four colored squares as cue and target stimuli (red, yellow, blue, and green) and introduced three trial types; juice trial, w ...
... The monkeys performed a delayed color matching task, in which they learned to memorize the color of a cue stimulus and to choose the same color target after a delay. We used four colored squares as cue and target stimuli (red, yellow, blue, and green) and introduced three trial types; juice trial, w ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... found a projection from the striate cortex to what they term the 'circumstriate cortical belt'. This includes the lunate sulcus, prelunate gyrus and the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus in its upper parts. In the Nauta study of Myers a3, however, not all of the 'circumstriate cortical ...
... found a projection from the striate cortex to what they term the 'circumstriate cortical belt'. This includes the lunate sulcus, prelunate gyrus and the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus in its upper parts. In the Nauta study of Myers a3, however, not all of the 'circumstriate cortical ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information withi ...
... prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information withi ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual inpu ...
... readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual inpu ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... (match and nonmatch) was randomized over trials. Monkeys performed sets of trials consisting of 12 or 15 repetitions of each sample position under each of the two boundary orientations. On trials in which the boundary cue was vertical (Fig. 1 A, C, boundary cue), it instructed the LR (left/right) ca ...
... (match and nonmatch) was randomized over trials. Monkeys performed sets of trials consisting of 12 or 15 repetitions of each sample position under each of the two boundary orientations. On trials in which the boundary cue was vertical (Fig. 1 A, C, boundary cue), it instructed the LR (left/right) ca ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed matchto-sample (DMS) trials, attention, and stimulus familiarity. Here we identify physiological differences in the neuronal activity of these two areas. We recorded singl ...
... selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed matchto-sample (DMS) trials, attention, and stimulus familiarity. Here we identify physiological differences in the neuronal activity of these two areas. We recorded singl ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... NMDA receptors are thought to coexist postsynaptically with other types of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors (Foster and Fagg, 1985). Together, both NMDA and non-NMDA type EAA receptors mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the kitten striate cortex (Tsumoto et al., 1986). The ionic conduc ...
... NMDA receptors are thought to coexist postsynaptically with other types of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors (Foster and Fagg, 1985). Together, both NMDA and non-NMDA type EAA receptors mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the kitten striate cortex (Tsumoto et al., 1986). The ionic conduc ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... mean blood flow for each condition. The pixel values of rCBF in these maps, together with the associated adjusted error variances were used for further statistical analysis. Pixel means across conditions were compared using the t statistic. The resulting set of values constitutes a statistical param ...
... mean blood flow for each condition. The pixel values of rCBF in these maps, together with the associated adjusted error variances were used for further statistical analysis. Pixel means across conditions were compared using the t statistic. The resulting set of values constitutes a statistical param ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... Figure 4. Single neuron examples. A, The average activity of a category-sensitive ITC neuron to the six levels of morphs. The dotted vertical lines correspond (from left to right) to sample onset, offset, and test stimulus onset. B, A category-sensitive PFC neuron. The color plot below each histogra ...
... Figure 4. Single neuron examples. A, The average activity of a category-sensitive ITC neuron to the six levels of morphs. The dotted vertical lines correspond (from left to right) to sample onset, offset, and test stimulus onset. B, A category-sensitive PFC neuron. The color plot below each histogra ...
The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
19 CORTICAL PROJECTIONS FROM TWO PRESTRIATE AREAS IN
... were therefore planned to fall in regions of vertical and horizontal meridian rerepresentations of areas 18 and 19 of both upper and lower prestriate cortex (see Fig. 1). The region between the anterior border of area 19 and the depth of the superior temporal sulcus was examined for degeneration, be ...
... were therefore planned to fall in regions of vertical and horizontal meridian rerepresentations of areas 18 and 19 of both upper and lower prestriate cortex (see Fig. 1). The region between the anterior border of area 19 and the depth of the superior temporal sulcus was examined for degeneration, be ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... in squirrel monkeys and 500-600 pm in macaques. These measurements are slightly smaller than the dimensions of the cytochrome patches but are sufficiently similar to suggest that the two systems may be identical. Nevertheless, as described below, this does not appear to be the case. In order to inve ...
... in squirrel monkeys and 500-600 pm in macaques. These measurements are slightly smaller than the dimensions of the cytochrome patches but are sufficiently similar to suggest that the two systems may be identical. Nevertheless, as described below, this does not appear to be the case. In order to inve ...
Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... The organization of cortical circuitry responsible for processing sensory information is a subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are ...
... The organization of cortical circuitry responsible for processing sensory information is a subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are ...
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
... neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex that were activated by odors. A ventral frontal region has been implicated in olfactory processing in humans (Jones-Gotman and Zatorre, 1988; Zatorre and Jones-Gotman, 1991; Zatorre et al., 1992). Rolls and colleagues have analyzed the rules by which orbit ...
... neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex that were activated by odors. A ventral frontal region has been implicated in olfactory processing in humans (Jones-Gotman and Zatorre, 1988; Zatorre and Jones-Gotman, 1991; Zatorre et al., 1992). Rolls and colleagues have analyzed the rules by which orbit ...
Complex Motion Perception and its Deficits
... bias for expanding motion suggesting that this area plays an important role in visually-guided navigation, since forward motion through the world produces a significantly higher proportion of expanding than contracting patterns of optical flow on the retina. The MSTd neurones have the necessary char ...
... bias for expanding motion suggesting that this area plays an important role in visually-guided navigation, since forward motion through the world produces a significantly higher proportion of expanding than contracting patterns of optical flow on the retina. The MSTd neurones have the necessary char ...
Getting Over It: Long-Lasting Effects of Emotion
... interstimulus fixation interval of between 3 and 7 s (M = 4 s). Participants were instructed that during image presentation, they should keep their eyes on the image for the entire time that it was on the screen. They were also told that when they rated their negative affect (on a scale from 1, weak ...
... interstimulus fixation interval of between 3 and 7 s (M = 4 s). Participants were instructed that during image presentation, they should keep their eyes on the image for the entire time that it was on the screen. They were also told that when they rated their negative affect (on a scale from 1, weak ...
Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital
... PGm, and laterally by area MIP (see Fig. 1). The injection sites on which the present study is based were attributed to the architectonic areas V6Ad, V6Av, or PEc after careful analysis ...
... PGm, and laterally by area MIP (see Fig. 1). The injection sites on which the present study is based were attributed to the architectonic areas V6Ad, V6Av, or PEc after careful analysis ...
Proteus: Visual Analogy in Problem Solving
... the source to the target. In general, analogy involves several subtasks including retrieving from memory the source case most similar to the target problem, mapping (or aligning) the the elements of target and the source, transferring knowledge from the source to the target, evaluating what was tra ...
... the source to the target. In general, analogy involves several subtasks including retrieving from memory the source case most similar to the target problem, mapping (or aligning) the the elements of target and the source, transferring knowledge from the source to the target, evaluating what was tra ...