Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... response would be the strongest, if an elongated visual stimulus was properly located at an orientation such that the neuron is optimally activated by the bar, but not inhibited by the central inhibitory population. This geometric arrangement also determines the OS maps on the cortical surface (Fig. ...
... response would be the strongest, if an elongated visual stimulus was properly located at an orientation such that the neuron is optimally activated by the bar, but not inhibited by the central inhibitory population. This geometric arrangement also determines the OS maps on the cortical surface (Fig. ...
Sub-exemplar Shape Tuning in Human Face
... Concerning the nature of the face representation, several studies indicate that when examining the global functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal within the most selective face-related area (found in the posterior fusiform gyrus, known as the fusiform face area [FFA] [Kanwisher and other ...
... Concerning the nature of the face representation, several studies indicate that when examining the global functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal within the most selective face-related area (found in the posterior fusiform gyrus, known as the fusiform face area [FFA] [Kanwisher and other ...
Time Course and Time–Distance Relationships for Surround
... the maximum of the absolute value of this response difference, and we searched backward in time from the maximum to the point at which the difference was equal to 5% of the maximum. The time of this point was defined as the response latency. Thus, latencies were the times of 5% rise to the peak resp ...
... the maximum of the absolute value of this response difference, and we searched backward in time from the maximum to the point at which the difference was equal to 5% of the maximum. The time of this point was defined as the response latency. Thus, latencies were the times of 5% rise to the peak resp ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... premotor areas were present anterior to Brodmann‘s area 4 and that Brodmann‘s area 6 portion of the cortex is not functionally segregated from area 4 but it constitutes a unique complex in which proximal and axial movements are represented. A separate representation of body movements would be found, ...
... premotor areas were present anterior to Brodmann‘s area 4 and that Brodmann‘s area 6 portion of the cortex is not functionally segregated from area 4 but it constitutes a unique complex in which proximal and axial movements are represented. A separate representation of body movements would be found, ...
The distribution of retino‐collicular axon terminals in rhesus monkey
... The projections of the ipsilateral and the contralateral retinal fibers differ, both in their distribution across and in their depth below, the collicular surface (Graybiel, '75, '76; Hubel et al., '75). The projection of the central retina onto the anterolateral part of the superior colliculus has ...
... The projections of the ipsilateral and the contralateral retinal fibers differ, both in their distribution across and in their depth below, the collicular surface (Graybiel, '75, '76; Hubel et al., '75). The projection of the central retina onto the anterolateral part of the superior colliculus has ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... This thesis is dedicated to the study of the deep superior colliculus, a region of the vertebrate midbrain. The deep superior colliculus integrates visual, auditory, and other sensory input to localize stimuli and guide motor behavior. Its evolutionary preservation, its role in sensorimotor processi ...
... This thesis is dedicated to the study of the deep superior colliculus, a region of the vertebrate midbrain. The deep superior colliculus integrates visual, auditory, and other sensory input to localize stimuli and guide motor behavior. Its evolutionary preservation, its role in sensorimotor processi ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... cortex. Stimulation of the cortex or the cochlea electrically as well as acoustic stimulation can change the tonotopic map, as shown for different animal models (Stanton and Harrison, 1996). ........................................................................................................... 6 ...
... cortex. Stimulation of the cortex or the cochlea electrically as well as acoustic stimulation can change the tonotopic map, as shown for different animal models (Stanton and Harrison, 1996). ........................................................................................................... 6 ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... region of cat and monkey somatosensory cortex which receives input from forelimb skin, also proposed that discrete place-defined macrocolumns are a common mode of topographic organization throughout somatosensory cortex (Favorov et al.,1990, 1994a, 1994b). Within such discrete macrocolumns, moving f ...
... region of cat and monkey somatosensory cortex which receives input from forelimb skin, also proposed that discrete place-defined macrocolumns are a common mode of topographic organization throughout somatosensory cortex (Favorov et al.,1990, 1994a, 1994b). Within such discrete macrocolumns, moving f ...
Input-driven components of spike-frequency adaptation can be
... the spatial receptive field or spectral sensitivity of the neuron. activity that contains both a tonic and a phasic component. For These tuning effects are captured by the factor kn, where the index temperatures of ⬃30°C, firing rates at stimulus onset can reach as n stands for the different applied ...
... the spatial receptive field or spectral sensitivity of the neuron. activity that contains both a tonic and a phasic component. For These tuning effects are captured by the factor kn, where the index temperatures of ⬃30°C, firing rates at stimulus onset can reach as n stands for the different applied ...
Dissociated functional significance of decision
... confirmation of LIP inactivation was complemented by a behavioural consequence in this free-choice control task. In addition to causing a spatial choice bias, LIP inactivation led to an increase in endpoint error of saccades made to the hemifield contralateral to inactivation (0.36° on average, t(33 ...
... confirmation of LIP inactivation was complemented by a behavioural consequence in this free-choice control task. In addition to causing a spatial choice bias, LIP inactivation led to an increase in endpoint error of saccades made to the hemifield contralateral to inactivation (0.36° on average, t(33 ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... without consideration of possible interactions between cues. Furthermore most studies have focused on pure tone stimuli, which do not contain the spectral cues provided through directionally dependent filtering by the pinnae. It is possible to simulate the sound-pressure waveforms produced in the ea ...
... without consideration of possible interactions between cues. Furthermore most studies have focused on pure tone stimuli, which do not contain the spectral cues provided through directionally dependent filtering by the pinnae. It is possible to simulate the sound-pressure waveforms produced in the ea ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... engaged in a given task, and the extent to which these different processes are disambiguated from each other in the experimental design and analysis, could contribute to discrepancies in reported results between studies. In support of the this possibility, in the Kim et al.24 study, it was found tha ...
... engaged in a given task, and the extent to which these different processes are disambiguated from each other in the experimental design and analysis, could contribute to discrepancies in reported results between studies. In support of the this possibility, in the Kim et al.24 study, it was found tha ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... (shapes or faces) versus spatial properties (e.g., Hoshi et al. 2000; Ó Scalaidhe et al. 1999; Wilson et al. 1993). However, other studies have not found regional dissociations between prefrontal neurons that are sensitive to object properties (shapes or colors) and those sensitive to spatial prope ...
... (shapes or faces) versus spatial properties (e.g., Hoshi et al. 2000; Ó Scalaidhe et al. 1999; Wilson et al. 1993). However, other studies have not found regional dissociations between prefrontal neurons that are sensitive to object properties (shapes or colors) and those sensitive to spatial prope ...
Document
... in SC do not respond to isoluminant borders (Marrocco & Li, 1977) such that chromatic signals may be masked by luminance noise (Birch, Barbur, & Harlow, 1992). Responses to colored stimuli therefore have to be mediated through cortical areas. That is, areas sensitive to chromatic signals feed back i ...
... in SC do not respond to isoluminant borders (Marrocco & Li, 1977) such that chromatic signals may be masked by luminance noise (Birch, Barbur, & Harlow, 1992). Responses to colored stimuli therefore have to be mediated through cortical areas. That is, areas sensitive to chromatic signals feed back i ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... contents of the LFP are actually modulated by stimulus conditions. We studied the neural activity recorded in V1 of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys to a series of grating patterns of ascending stimulus contrasts. The simultaneously sampled LFP and spike responses from these recordings were analyz ...
... contents of the LFP are actually modulated by stimulus conditions. We studied the neural activity recorded in V1 of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys to a series of grating patterns of ascending stimulus contrasts. The simultaneously sampled LFP and spike responses from these recordings were analyz ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... inactivation (Hanes and Wurtz 2001). By antidromically activating FEF neurons using a pulse of electrical stimulation in the SC, we and others identified FEF output neurons and showed that they send a multitude of signals, from visualrelated to saccade-related, to the SC (Everling and Munoz 2000; Se ...
... inactivation (Hanes and Wurtz 2001). By antidromically activating FEF neurons using a pulse of electrical stimulation in the SC, we and others identified FEF output neurons and showed that they send a multitude of signals, from visualrelated to saccade-related, to the SC (Everling and Munoz 2000; Se ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... scious experience. The tactic of this paper is therefore initially to concentrate on attention and only afterwards explore how consciousness might arise from inside the resulting neural model of attention. We will be able to use the qualitative features of consciousness, mentioned under the first th ...
... scious experience. The tactic of this paper is therefore initially to concentrate on attention and only afterwards explore how consciousness might arise from inside the resulting neural model of attention. We will be able to use the qualitative features of consciousness, mentioned under the first th ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... cortex, a detailed account is still lacking. The problem has been that both light and electron microscopic methods that show neuronal connections are not well suited for precise, complete, and comprehensive quantification, particularly in large brains that mature over a prolonged time. Previous quan ...
... cortex, a detailed account is still lacking. The problem has been that both light and electron microscopic methods that show neuronal connections are not well suited for precise, complete, and comprehensive quantification, particularly in large brains that mature over a prolonged time. Previous quan ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... by drugs that block synapses suggesting that it comes from the dendrites of tectal cells where optic fibers make synapses. Microelectrodes may also pick up action potentials indicative of individual neurons in tectum. If such units are visually responsive, their receptive fields generally differ fr ...
... by drugs that block synapses suggesting that it comes from the dendrites of tectal cells where optic fibers make synapses. Microelectrodes may also pick up action potentials indicative of individual neurons in tectum. If such units are visually responsive, their receptive fields generally differ fr ...
Analysis of Connectivity in the Cat Cerebral Cortex
... structures maximized, can respect almost any connection pattern between a set of elements. They do this by placing those elements that have a similar connection pattern close together and those with a different pattern of connections far apart. This is important because connection patterns in real b ...
... structures maximized, can respect almost any connection pattern between a set of elements. They do this by placing those elements that have a similar connection pattern close together and those with a different pattern of connections far apart. This is important because connection patterns in real b ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... expected. A non-target after a repetition of 2/3 targets (and vice versa) or a sudden repetition after a period of alternation gave rise to a larger N2 amplitude. However assuming that subjects are expecting that a certain period (alternation/repetition) will progress during a random sequence is a p ...
... expected. A non-target after a repetition of 2/3 targets (and vice versa) or a sudden repetition after a period of alternation gave rise to a larger N2 amplitude. However assuming that subjects are expecting that a certain period (alternation/repetition) will progress during a random sequence is a p ...
the amygdala and reward
... approach, and food and object preferences. Given these examples, it is easy to see how the idea might develop that, because the amygdala is not important for positive affect and reward processing in these many instances, its fundamental role must be in the processing of negative affect. Discriminati ...
... approach, and food and object preferences. Given these examples, it is easy to see how the idea might develop that, because the amygdala is not important for positive affect and reward processing in these many instances, its fundamental role must be in the processing of negative affect. Discriminati ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... approach, and food and object preferences. Given these examples, it is easy to see how the idea might develop that, because the amygdala is not important for positive affect and reward processing in these many instances, its fundamental role must be in the processing of negative affect. Discriminati ...
... approach, and food and object preferences. Given these examples, it is easy to see how the idea might develop that, because the amygdala is not important for positive affect and reward processing in these many instances, its fundamental role must be in the processing of negative affect. Discriminati ...