Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... neurons [60 { 35% (n Å 5) vs. 54 { 15% (n Å 4); P ú 0.1]. It remains to be studied whether this is due to less convergence in the corticothalamic pathway than in the corticocollicular pathway. In the big brown bat, collicular auditory responses are strong, so that these responses are attenuated (mod ...
... neurons [60 { 35% (n Å 5) vs. 54 { 15% (n Å 4); P ú 0.1]. It remains to be studied whether this is due to less convergence in the corticothalamic pathway than in the corticocollicular pathway. In the big brown bat, collicular auditory responses are strong, so that these responses are attenuated (mod ...
Optimal Neural Spike Classification
... waveforms are the same as those used in the first experiment . The third is the average of the first two. All the three neurons have the same spike rate (i.e. ..\1 = ..\2 = ..\3)' Hence both classification schemes are equivalent in this case. Fig. 3b shows the overall as well as the sub-category of ...
... waveforms are the same as those used in the first experiment . The third is the average of the first two. All the three neurons have the same spike rate (i.e. ..\1 = ..\2 = ..\3)' Hence both classification schemes are equivalent in this case. Fig. 3b shows the overall as well as the sub-category of ...
- Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Association
... For example, the peripheral nonvisual retinal signals that are linked with body posture at a reflexive level trigger eye and head movement. The head and eye position determines the volume of space available within which a person can select where to place his or her attention and, finally, where to aim ...
... For example, the peripheral nonvisual retinal signals that are linked with body posture at a reflexive level trigger eye and head movement. The head and eye position determines the volume of space available within which a person can select where to place his or her attention and, finally, where to aim ...
temporal visual event recognition
... detectors”, such as those found in the superior central sulcus in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled li ...
... detectors”, such as those found in the superior central sulcus in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled li ...
Sensory Regeneration in Arthropods: Implications of Homoeosis
... with sugar solution evokes the proboscis projections are recognised. Axons that extension feeding reflex as do normal tho- originate from sensilla with no obvious racic tarsi, but not normal antennae (Deak, homolog on the haltere either form a local1976; Stocker, 1977). A potential source ised bushy ...
... with sugar solution evokes the proboscis projections are recognised. Axons that extension feeding reflex as do normal tho- originate from sensilla with no obvious racic tarsi, but not normal antennae (Deak, homolog on the haltere either form a local1976; Stocker, 1977). A potential source ised bushy ...
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... detectors”, such as those found in the superior central sulcus in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled li ...
... detectors”, such as those found in the superior central sulcus in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled li ...
Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... Combined with our previous work on OD and OR maps and lateral connections, the new results suggest that a single Hebbian mechanism produces the receptive elds and lateral interactions in the primary visual cortex. If so, what could be the functional role of these self-organized structures in visual ...
... Combined with our previous work on OD and OR maps and lateral connections, the new results suggest that a single Hebbian mechanism produces the receptive elds and lateral interactions in the primary visual cortex. If so, what could be the functional role of these self-organized structures in visual ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... of patterns of neural activity carry information. Possibilities include the total number of spikes averaged over a time window or a population of cells, the precise times of individual spikes, the presence of bursts, and patterns of correlated activity across cells, such as oscillations. We would al ...
... of patterns of neural activity carry information. Possibilities include the total number of spikes averaged over a time window or a population of cells, the precise times of individual spikes, the presence of bursts, and patterns of correlated activity across cells, such as oscillations. We would al ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... than for the uniform-field response, but it has approximately the same width. After the initial peak and rapid decay, the m-sequence ISIH shows a secondary, slower decay that lasts from ⬃5 msec until 20 msec; this secondary decay is almost entirely absent from the uniform-field response. Finally, bo ...
... than for the uniform-field response, but it has approximately the same width. After the initial peak and rapid decay, the m-sequence ISIH shows a secondary, slower decay that lasts from ⬃5 msec until 20 msec; this secondary decay is almost entirely absent from the uniform-field response. Finally, bo ...
A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) not only provide feedforward input to primary visual cortex (V1), but also receive robust feedback from the cortex. Accordingly, visual processing in the LGN is continuously influenced by previous patterns of activity. This study examines the temporal ...
... Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) not only provide feedforward input to primary visual cortex (V1), but also receive robust feedback from the cortex. Accordingly, visual processing in the LGN is continuously influenced by previous patterns of activity. This study examines the temporal ...
Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
... Specific Aim 2: Visual Feedback for Grasping: A Possible Precursor of the Mirror Property Hypothesis: the F5 mirror neurons develop by selecting, via re-afferent connections, patterns of visual input describing those relations of hand shapes and motions to objects effective in visual guidance of a ...
... Specific Aim 2: Visual Feedback for Grasping: A Possible Precursor of the Mirror Property Hypothesis: the F5 mirror neurons develop by selecting, via re-afferent connections, patterns of visual input describing those relations of hand shapes and motions to objects effective in visual guidance of a ...
Bypassing V1: a direct geniculate input to area MT
... moving stimuli6. Moreover, such judgments are influenced by electrical stimulation, implying direct participation by MT in the perception of motion7. A motion-selective area that is homologous to MT has been located in humans8 and is vital to motion perception9. Because MT receives a substantial dir ...
... moving stimuli6. Moreover, such judgments are influenced by electrical stimulation, implying direct participation by MT in the perception of motion7. A motion-selective area that is homologous to MT has been located in humans8 and is vital to motion perception9. Because MT receives a substantial dir ...
Crossmodal and action-specific: neuroimaging the human mirror
... response after repeating the same action compared to a ...
... response after repeating the same action compared to a ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas of this ventral stimulus-identity pathway. Although a few previous auditory studies have compared response patterns in different primate cortical processing streams (Cohen et al. 200 ...
... are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas of this ventral stimulus-identity pathway. Although a few previous auditory studies have compared response patterns in different primate cortical processing streams (Cohen et al. 200 ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... convey information to the supraesophageal ganglion, where eventually the decision about song identity is computed (Fig. 4a). As the spike responses from three example cells of each of the three layers already demonstrate, the mean firing rate decreases and the response variability increases in highe ...
... convey information to the supraesophageal ganglion, where eventually the decision about song identity is computed (Fig. 4a). As the spike responses from three example cells of each of the three layers already demonstrate, the mean firing rate decreases and the response variability increases in highe ...
Rapid Neural Coding in the Retina with Relative Spike Latencies
... of the stimulus is known (10). If the new retinal image was initiated by an eye movement, then the brain does know the onset time, but it is unclear whether this motor information gets distributed to visual centers. We therefore asked what information can be extracted from visual signals alone by co ...
... of the stimulus is known (10). If the new retinal image was initiated by an eye movement, then the brain does know the onset time, but it is unclear whether this motor information gets distributed to visual centers. We therefore asked what information can be extracted from visual signals alone by co ...
Review Energy limitation as a selective pressure on the evolution of
... consumption from single fly photoreceptors and recently constructed energy budgets for neural processing in rats to assess the contributions of various components to neuronal energy consumption. Taken together, these studies emphasize the high costs of maintaining neurons at rest and whilst signalli ...
... consumption from single fly photoreceptors and recently constructed energy budgets for neural processing in rats to assess the contributions of various components to neuronal energy consumption. Taken together, these studies emphasize the high costs of maintaining neurons at rest and whilst signalli ...
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... from the electrical stimulation experiments directly support the Hebbian proposal of correlation-based growth and refinement of synaptic connections in which synchronously firing inputs are stabilized onto common postsynaptic target neurons, while nonsynchronous inputs are destabilized. The synchron ...
... from the electrical stimulation experiments directly support the Hebbian proposal of correlation-based growth and refinement of synaptic connections in which synchronously firing inputs are stabilized onto common postsynaptic target neurons, while nonsynchronous inputs are destabilized. The synchron ...
neural correlates of associative face memory in
... associative pair-selective neurons (upper, black); and face-responsive but not associative pair-responsive neurons (lower, gray). Arrows indicate the ISI values of the neurons depicted in Fig. 2 (black) and Fig. 3 (white), which were 0.5667 and 0.4201, respectively. ...
... associative pair-selective neurons (upper, black); and face-responsive but not associative pair-responsive neurons (lower, gray). Arrows indicate the ISI values of the neurons depicted in Fig. 2 (black) and Fig. 3 (white), which were 0.5667 and 0.4201, respectively. ...
Data Visualization Optimization Computational Modeling of Perception
... processed by the later stages of the retina. The receptive field surround signal is computed by horizontal [15] and amacrine cells that are connected laterally to nearby areas of the retina. Bipolar cells combine this surround signal with a center signal of an opposing polarity to produce a symmetri ...
... processed by the later stages of the retina. The receptive field surround signal is computed by horizontal [15] and amacrine cells that are connected laterally to nearby areas of the retina. Bipolar cells combine this surround signal with a center signal of an opposing polarity to produce a symmetri ...
A Model for Delay Activity Without Recurrent Excitation
... potentiation of its inhibitory inputs. This possibility is crucial for the model described here. A large number of parameters is necessary to describe local pools E, I, which are firing at stable and low firing rates, but this part of the model is the same as in [1] and [2]. The crucial departure from ...
... potentiation of its inhibitory inputs. This possibility is crucial for the model described here. A large number of parameters is necessary to describe local pools E, I, which are firing at stable and low firing rates, but this part of the model is the same as in [1] and [2]. The crucial departure from ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... the stimulus-induced response component ('SIRC'). In a normal behavioural situation the animal's own actions and reactions have immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the a ...
... the stimulus-induced response component ('SIRC'). In a normal behavioural situation the animal's own actions and reactions have immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the a ...
ON and OFF Pathways of Ganglion Cells in the
... Performing the principal component analysis to the spike-triggered ensemble (spike-triggered covariance) gives a good starting point to identify the two pathway filters. The significant principal components give the directions that the complete stimulus variance differs the most to the variance of t ...
... Performing the principal component analysis to the spike-triggered ensemble (spike-triggered covariance) gives a good starting point to identify the two pathway filters. The significant principal components give the directions that the complete stimulus variance differs the most to the variance of t ...
VIEW PDF - Glaucoma Today
... pathways in the lateral geniculate nucleus are damaged in glaucoma. Altered expressions of a cytoskeletal protein called neurofilament and of a presynaptic molecule called synaptophysin are observable in both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the glaucomatous lateral geniculate nucleus.8 A ...
... pathways in the lateral geniculate nucleus are damaged in glaucoma. Altered expressions of a cytoskeletal protein called neurofilament and of a presynaptic molecule called synaptophysin are observable in both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the glaucomatous lateral geniculate nucleus.8 A ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.