Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... and Duncan 1995). The signal necessary for this enhancement could be generated by a saccade-related activation of Pul neurons that are involved in the processing of oculomotor information rather than in object analysis tasks. The analysis of saccade-related responses of single neurons therefore is a ...
... and Duncan 1995). The signal necessary for this enhancement could be generated by a saccade-related activation of Pul neurons that are involved in the processing of oculomotor information rather than in object analysis tasks. The analysis of saccade-related responses of single neurons therefore is a ...
Phonemic Coding Might Result From Sensory
... and of unsupervised interactions among agents on the other hand. In particular, we will show that phonemic coding can be explained without any reference to the articulatory/perceptual mapping, and yet how this mapping explains some of the structural regularities. The emergent vowel systems will be s ...
... and of unsupervised interactions among agents on the other hand. In particular, we will show that phonemic coding can be explained without any reference to the articulatory/perceptual mapping, and yet how this mapping explains some of the structural regularities. The emergent vowel systems will be s ...
Understanding mirror neurons: a bio-robotic
... knowledge of its evolution. Recent neurophysiological experiments show that such a motor resonant system indeed exists in the monkey's brain. Most interesting, this system is located in a premotor area where neurons not only discharge during action execution but to specific visual cues as well. ...
... knowledge of its evolution. Recent neurophysiological experiments show that such a motor resonant system indeed exists in the monkey's brain. Most interesting, this system is located in a premotor area where neurons not only discharge during action execution but to specific visual cues as well. ...
The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing
... object shape can facilitate the association of visual elements into a unified percept (Figure 25–3). The brain analyzes a visual scene at three levels: low, intermediate, and high (Figure 25–4). At the lowest level, which we consider in the next chapter, visual attributes such as local contrast, ori ...
... object shape can facilitate the association of visual elements into a unified percept (Figure 25–3). The brain analyzes a visual scene at three levels: low, intermediate, and high (Figure 25–4). At the lowest level, which we consider in the next chapter, visual attributes such as local contrast, ori ...
The caudal part of the frontal cortex is strongly involved - LIRA-Lab
... demonstrate that premotor neurons of area F5 (the ventral premotor cortex where mirror neurons have been located) apparently devoid of any visual property, indeed respond to the vision of one’s own acting hand. This hypothesis, which has been largely confirmed by the experiments presented here, may ...
... demonstrate that premotor neurons of area F5 (the ventral premotor cortex where mirror neurons have been located) apparently devoid of any visual property, indeed respond to the vision of one’s own acting hand. This hypothesis, which has been largely confirmed by the experiments presented here, may ...
David Hunter Hubel. 27 February 1926 — 22 September 2013
... when Mike suggested placing wires in the cortex of cats and recording from them while they were awake. The attempt was a failure, but the idea captured David’s imagination. He began developing techniques for recording from animals while they were awake. He first developed a tough tungsten microelect ...
... when Mike suggested placing wires in the cortex of cats and recording from them while they were awake. The attempt was a failure, but the idea captured David’s imagination. He began developing techniques for recording from animals while they were awake. He first developed a tough tungsten microelect ...
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
... and multipolar organization with dendrites reaching into upper and lower tectal layers) these SGC neurons resemble the neurons that give rise to the CTB as described by Reiner and Karten (1982); (2) these neurons lack the dendritic specializations that are characteristic of the three SGC cell types ...
... and multipolar organization with dendrites reaching into upper and lower tectal layers) these SGC neurons resemble the neurons that give rise to the CTB as described by Reiner and Karten (1982); (2) these neurons lack the dendritic specializations that are characteristic of the three SGC cell types ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. These properties are assumed to arise from the interactions of convergent and divergent projections ascending from lower to higher auditory areas1; such a view, however, ignores the possible ro ...
... and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. These properties are assumed to arise from the interactions of convergent and divergent projections ascending from lower to higher auditory areas1; such a view, however, ignores the possible ro ...
chronic morphine exposure affects visual response latency of the
... cortical neurons have more varied inputs. For example, Kara and Reid have reported that the relative timing of retinal spike pairs affects the efficacy of visual information processing in cortical neurons more than in LGN neurons.27 Thus, the prolonged latency of LGN neurons may act as a relatively ...
... cortical neurons have more varied inputs. For example, Kara and Reid have reported that the relative timing of retinal spike pairs affects the efficacy of visual information processing in cortical neurons more than in LGN neurons.27 Thus, the prolonged latency of LGN neurons may act as a relatively ...
A Neural Network Architecture for General Image Recognition
... the thinking about vision systems or, more generally, information processing systems. In his work, Marr introduced the distinction among three levels of explanations: (1) the computational theory, (2) the algorithm, and (3) the hardware implementation. Consideration of these levels and associated is ...
... the thinking about vision systems or, more generally, information processing systems. In his work, Marr introduced the distinction among three levels of explanations: (1) the computational theory, (2) the algorithm, and (3) the hardware implementation. Consideration of these levels and associated is ...
Analyzing Neural Responses to Natural Signals: Maximally
... are relevant for setting the probability of generating a single spike at one moment in time. From an information-theoretic point of view, asking for stimulus features that capture the mutual information between the stimulus and the arrival times of single spikes is a well-posed question even if succ ...
... are relevant for setting the probability of generating a single spike at one moment in time. From an information-theoretic point of view, asking for stimulus features that capture the mutual information between the stimulus and the arrival times of single spikes is a well-posed question even if succ ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... The signal at B1, including all of its noise, is directly transformed into the behavior, so there is a tight correlation between the full signal and the behavioral output. In contrast, the signal at B2 and its noise are not driving behavior, so they will be less well correlated with behavioral outpu ...
... The signal at B1, including all of its noise, is directly transformed into the behavior, so there is a tight correlation between the full signal and the behavioral output. In contrast, the signal at B2 and its noise are not driving behavior, so they will be less well correlated with behavioral outpu ...
Neural mechanisms for color perception in the primary visual cortex
... [6,24•,25]. By this direct measurement, we observed that individual cone inputs to color-luminance neurons in V1 were usually tuned for spatial frequency, implying that each cone receptive field was spatially opponent, that is, it had spatially segregated excitatory and inhibitory zones. In addition ...
... [6,24•,25]. By this direct measurement, we observed that individual cone inputs to color-luminance neurons in V1 were usually tuned for spatial frequency, implying that each cone receptive field was spatially opponent, that is, it had spatially segregated excitatory and inhibitory zones. In addition ...
emboj2008265-sup
... For quantification of GAP43-possitive terminals in the stratum lucidum of adult mice, we selected ROIs of 650x650 pixels along this stratum and counted the number of GAP43 puncta per ROI as illustrated in the insert in F. Two to three ROIs per hippocampus were selected (8 hippocampus -4 mice- per g ...
... For quantification of GAP43-possitive terminals in the stratum lucidum of adult mice, we selected ROIs of 650x650 pixels along this stratum and counted the number of GAP43 puncta per ROI as illustrated in the insert in F. Two to three ROIs per hippocampus were selected (8 hippocampus -4 mice- per g ...
Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... visual field, a car or a tennis ball, and we easily distinguish these moving objects from the stationary background. However, we often seeobjectsin motion not because they move on our retina, but because we track them with eve movements; the image remains stationary on the retina but we perceive mov ...
... visual field, a car or a tennis ball, and we easily distinguish these moving objects from the stationary background. However, we often seeobjectsin motion not because they move on our retina, but because we track them with eve movements; the image remains stationary on the retina but we perceive mov ...
What insights can fMRI offer into the structure and function of mid-tier visual areas?
... the sub-populations of neurons. Brouwer and Heeger took advantage of the fact that—for whatever reason—each fMRI voxel in V1 has a slight orientation bias (Kamitani & Tong, 2005; Sun et al., 2013). Using these biased voxels as indicators of the underlying neural subpopulations, they were able to est ...
... the sub-populations of neurons. Brouwer and Heeger took advantage of the fact that—for whatever reason—each fMRI voxel in V1 has a slight orientation bias (Kamitani & Tong, 2005; Sun et al., 2013). Using these biased voxels as indicators of the underlying neural subpopulations, they were able to est ...
A Biologically Inspired Visuo-Motor Control Model based on a Deflationary
... – Mirror neurons code an expected perception; – Mirror neurons compare the expected perception representation with the actual perception. As we will argue below, this interpretation enables one to account for the following biological data: – mirror neuron are active in the same way during both execu ...
... – Mirror neurons code an expected perception; – Mirror neurons compare the expected perception representation with the actual perception. As we will argue below, this interpretation enables one to account for the following biological data: – mirror neuron are active in the same way during both execu ...
Neurons with Two Sites of Synaptic Integration Learn Invariant
... 1.2 The Computational Role of Invariances. As invariant response properties are such a ubiquitous property of sensory systems, what are their computational advantages? In many categorization tasks, the output should be unchanged—or invariant—when the input is subject to various transformations. An i ...
... 1.2 The Computational Role of Invariances. As invariant response properties are such a ubiquitous property of sensory systems, what are their computational advantages? In many categorization tasks, the output should be unchanged—or invariant—when the input is subject to various transformations. An i ...
On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe
... Daily life continually confronts us with an exuberance of external, sensory stimuli competing with a rich stream of internal deliberations, plans and ruminations. The brain must select one or more of these for further processing. How this competition is resolved across multiple sensory and cognitive ...
... Daily life continually confronts us with an exuberance of external, sensory stimuli competing with a rich stream of internal deliberations, plans and ruminations. The brain must select one or more of these for further processing. How this competition is resolved across multiple sensory and cognitive ...
Do cortical areas emerge from a protocottex?
... sensory areas are not normally similar at mature stages, but that their development can be altered by visual input. However, even this suggests that primary sensory areas arise from regions of develop° ing neocortex that are initially similar or to some extent pluripotent. In summary, it appears th ...
... sensory areas are not normally similar at mature stages, but that their development can be altered by visual input. However, even this suggests that primary sensory areas arise from regions of develop° ing neocortex that are initially similar or to some extent pluripotent. In summary, it appears th ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... stages. For example, in the primate visuo-saccadic system, value-coding activity is observed at both cortical and subcortical levels of processing. Early in the sensorimotor processing pathway, the activity of neurons in the posterior parietal cortex varies monotonically with the subjective value of ...
... stages. For example, in the primate visuo-saccadic system, value-coding activity is observed at both cortical and subcortical levels of processing. Early in the sensorimotor processing pathway, the activity of neurons in the posterior parietal cortex varies monotonically with the subjective value of ...
Discussion and future directions
... modeling of eye–saccades planning in the lateral intraparietal area (Xing and Andersen, 2000) have shown that in order to hold memory activity for a saccades, the neural population develops excitatory connections between units with similar preferred saccade directions and inhibitory connections betw ...
... modeling of eye–saccades planning in the lateral intraparietal area (Xing and Andersen, 2000) have shown that in order to hold memory activity for a saccades, the neural population develops excitatory connections between units with similar preferred saccade directions and inhibitory connections betw ...
Lectin and Peptide Expression in Nodose
... unmyelinated somatosensory afferents are specifically labeled by lectins (12). In the present study, it was found that GSA I-B4-positive neurons were smaller than unlabeled neurons in NG. Hence, it may be suggested that lectin labeled neurons are sensory and could be reasonable candidates for nocice ...
... unmyelinated somatosensory afferents are specifically labeled by lectins (12). In the present study, it was found that GSA I-B4-positive neurons were smaller than unlabeled neurons in NG. Hence, it may be suggested that lectin labeled neurons are sensory and could be reasonable candidates for nocice ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... switching HPR stimuli are not correlated with time constants of firing rate adaptation. These results suggest that the two forms of adaptation may be driven by distinct processes. We quantitatively compared dynamic range adaptation in the AN and in the IC by using the same model to fit both our AN d ...
... switching HPR stimuli are not correlated with time constants of firing rate adaptation. These results suggest that the two forms of adaptation may be driven by distinct processes. We quantitatively compared dynamic range adaptation in the AN and in the IC by using the same model to fit both our AN d ...
Fast Readout of Object Identity from Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex
... the classifier to learn the map between neuronal responses and scale or position, irrespective of object identity (fig. S4A). Reading out object position or scale had a similar time course to the readout of object category (fig. S4B). There was little correlation between the ability of each IT site ...
... the classifier to learn the map between neuronal responses and scale or position, irrespective of object identity (fig. S4A). Reading out object position or scale had a similar time course to the readout of object category (fig. S4B). There was little correlation between the ability of each IT site ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.