The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural
... had to make up to eight saccades before its search found the target. There was no clear pattern to these saccades, and it was only when a saccade landed near the object that the monkey reached to touch the object if it was the target of the search. In the blank scene, often one saccade was sufficien ...
... had to make up to eight saccades before its search found the target. There was no clear pattern to these saccades, and it was only when a saccade landed near the object that the monkey reached to touch the object if it was the target of the search. In the blank scene, often one saccade was sufficien ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
A Biologically Plausible Spiking Neuron Model of Fear Conditioning
... The single neuron model used in the fear conditioning circuit presented here is the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neuron. While the NEF can support a wide variety of neural models, there are advantages to choosing LIF neurons: they capture a sufficient level of biological detail, and at the same ti ...
... The single neuron model used in the fear conditioning circuit presented here is the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neuron. While the NEF can support a wide variety of neural models, there are advantages to choosing LIF neurons: they capture a sufficient level of biological detail, and at the same ti ...
Cooperation and biased competition model can explain attentional
... Focused attention task and inattentional blindness We model a visual attentional experiment, performed by Everling et al. (2002), that monitors the activity level of single neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of awake behaving monkeys engaged in a focused attention task. In this experiment, a mon ...
... Focused attention task and inattentional blindness We model a visual attentional experiment, performed by Everling et al. (2002), that monitors the activity level of single neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of awake behaving monkeys engaged in a focused attention task. In this experiment, a mon ...
Center-Surround Interactions in the Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... every 100 m to obtain adequate spatial sampling. In situations where this was not possible, multi-unit activity was recorded. Once the location of the receptive field was found, its borders were mapped with a light bar using the minimal response technique (Barlow et al. 1967). This region will be s ...
... every 100 m to obtain adequate spatial sampling. In situations where this was not possible, multi-unit activity was recorded. Once the location of the receptive field was found, its borders were mapped with a light bar using the minimal response technique (Barlow et al. 1967). This region will be s ...
Creating Visual Thinking Tools - National Science Teachers
... students in their classrooms. They must select the most appropriate “tools” in order to meet those individual needs. Being able to connect what students need to know with ways for them to ...
... students in their classrooms. They must select the most appropriate “tools” in order to meet those individual needs. Being able to connect what students need to know with ways for them to ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... and presented the visual stimuli. The screen was positioned 100 cm from the animals’ eyes. A ...
... and presented the visual stimuli. The screen was positioned 100 cm from the animals’ eyes. A ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... answered in the affirmative. In each section, we will describe the evidence linking MT with motion perception and also provide recent examples showing how these concepts have been applied to other systems or tested using new experimental techniques. Do the responses of the candidate neurons encode d ...
... answered in the affirmative. In each section, we will describe the evidence linking MT with motion perception and also provide recent examples showing how these concepts have been applied to other systems or tested using new experimental techniques. Do the responses of the candidate neurons encode d ...
Single-trial decoding of intended eye movement goals from lateral
... where s is the target location, r is the response (e.g., spike counts), and the log is base 2. Spike counts were quantized using a maximum of 8 quantiles (Musallam et al. 2004), but often fewer quantiles were needed to represent all unique spike count values, especially when analyzing neurons with l ...
... where s is the target location, r is the response (e.g., spike counts), and the log is base 2. Spike counts were quantized using a maximum of 8 quantiles (Musallam et al. 2004), but often fewer quantiles were needed to represent all unique spike count values, especially when analyzing neurons with l ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... responses are typically brisker for small or fast approaching objects, leading to higher peak firing rates (Fig. 4A). Second, the timing of the peak consistently shifts towards collision as the parameter l=jvj decreases (Figs. 3C and 4B). Plotting peak firing time relative to collision as a function o ...
... responses are typically brisker for small or fast approaching objects, leading to higher peak firing rates (Fig. 4A). Second, the timing of the peak consistently shifts towards collision as the parameter l=jvj decreases (Figs. 3C and 4B). Plotting peak firing time relative to collision as a function o ...
Striate cortex increases contrast gain of macaque LGN neurons
... jected forward (Mumford, 1992; Rao & Ballard, 1999). In discussing the latter predictive model with applicability to both corticofugal and corticocortical recurrent projections, Koch and Poggio (1999) note that “it will be critical to unravel the precise function of corticocortical feedback projecti ...
... jected forward (Mumford, 1992; Rao & Ballard, 1999). In discussing the latter predictive model with applicability to both corticofugal and corticocortical recurrent projections, Koch and Poggio (1999) note that “it will be critical to unravel the precise function of corticocortical feedback projecti ...
BACOFUN_2016 Meeting Booklet - Barrel Cortex Function 2016
... measurements. However, the location and distance between pre- and postsynaptic cells and - in case of slicing experiments - the degree of truncation strongly influences the connectivity. When reproducing electronmicroscopic and in vitro slicing experiments in our model, we found that measurements ob ...
... measurements. However, the location and distance between pre- and postsynaptic cells and - in case of slicing experiments - the degree of truncation strongly influences the connectivity. When reproducing electronmicroscopic and in vitro slicing experiments in our model, we found that measurements ob ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... onto glass slides and stained using the Nissl method. The electrolytic neurons were measured, two experimental protocols were applied to lesion was examined under a light microscope. An example is shown evaluate the influence of the cortex on the activities of CN neurons. in Figure 1, B and C. One e ...
... onto glass slides and stained using the Nissl method. The electrolytic neurons were measured, two experimental protocols were applied to lesion was examined under a light microscope. An example is shown evaluate the influence of the cortex on the activities of CN neurons. in Figure 1, B and C. One e ...
Understanding mirror neurons - LIRA-Lab
... 3. A model of area F5 and the mirror system The results summarized in the previous sections tell us of the central role of F5 in the control and recognition of manipulative actions: the common interpretation proposed by (Luppino & Rizzolatti, 2000) and (Fagg & Arbib, 1998) considers F5 a part of a l ...
... 3. A model of area F5 and the mirror system The results summarized in the previous sections tell us of the central role of F5 in the control and recognition of manipulative actions: the common interpretation proposed by (Luppino & Rizzolatti, 2000) and (Fagg & Arbib, 1998) considers F5 a part of a l ...
Tutorial on Pattern Classification in Cell Recording
... of the data and show that the same model works for distinguishing between these same conditions in a new set of data, then this gives us a significant degree of confidence that the current neural activity can reliably distinguish between these conditions, and that our model is capturing the reliabil ...
... of the data and show that the same model works for distinguishing between these same conditions in a new set of data, then this gives us a significant degree of confidence that the current neural activity can reliably distinguish between these conditions, and that our model is capturing the reliabil ...
Information processing in a neuron ensemble with the multiplicative
... Furthermore, the present study also investigates the important issue, the difference in decoding accuracy by the faithful and unfaithful models (Nakahara & Amari, 2002; Wu et al., 2001, 2002a). The definition of the Fisher information implicitly poses the assumption that decoding is carried out by u ...
... Furthermore, the present study also investigates the important issue, the difference in decoding accuracy by the faithful and unfaithful models (Nakahara & Amari, 2002; Wu et al., 2001, 2002a). The definition of the Fisher information implicitly poses the assumption that decoding is carried out by u ...
feature analyzers in the brain
... larger toads... birds, frogs predators snakes, birds, carnivorous mammals middle of the food chain sensory: predator or prey signal ? motor: appropriate behavior opposite responses to stimuli must be fast ...
... larger toads... birds, frogs predators snakes, birds, carnivorous mammals middle of the food chain sensory: predator or prey signal ? motor: appropriate behavior opposite responses to stimuli must be fast ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... In the real world events do not occur in isolation but are combined in a variety of ways. In the first experiment we assess whether our model is able to develop specific and stable representations under these circumstances. The initial weights of the synapses from thalamic neurons to cortical excita ...
... In the real world events do not occur in isolation but are combined in a variety of ways. In the first experiment we assess whether our model is able to develop specific and stable representations under these circumstances. The initial weights of the synapses from thalamic neurons to cortical excita ...
Vibration Sensitivity and a Computational Theory for Prey
... roctonus, the defensive orientation response (DOR), has more utility for experimental analysis of vibration sensing behavior because it is easily and repeatably evoked in the laboratory when animals are agitated into defensive posture. The DOR is characterized by the same accurate rotation of the bo ...
... roctonus, the defensive orientation response (DOR), has more utility for experimental analysis of vibration sensing behavior because it is easily and repeatably evoked in the laboratory when animals are agitated into defensive posture. The DOR is characterized by the same accurate rotation of the bo ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... . These authors contributed equally to this work. ...
... . These authors contributed equally to this work. ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... In general, these studies revealed rather subtle effects of higher cortical areas on receptive field properties and firing rates of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Thus, it has been suggested that feedback projections have modulatory effects while activity is mainly driven by the bottom-up pat ...
... In general, these studies revealed rather subtle effects of higher cortical areas on receptive field properties and firing rates of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Thus, it has been suggested that feedback projections have modulatory effects while activity is mainly driven by the bottom-up pat ...
A GPU-accelerated cortical neural network model for visually guided
... Humans and other terrestrial animals use vision to traverse novel cluttered environments with apparent ease. On one hand, although much is known about the behavioral dynamics of steering in humans, it remains unclear how relevant perceptual variables might be represented in the brain. On the other h ...
... Humans and other terrestrial animals use vision to traverse novel cluttered environments with apparent ease. On one hand, although much is known about the behavioral dynamics of steering in humans, it remains unclear how relevant perceptual variables might be represented in the brain. On the other h ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... one might graph the excitation of one neuron by another against the distance that separates them in the tissue. Or an interaction may be described in terms of the functional relationships between neurons, as one might graph the correspondence between neurons as a function of the similarity of their ...
... one might graph the excitation of one neuron by another against the distance that separates them in the tissue. Or an interaction may be described in terms of the functional relationships between neurons, as one might graph the correspondence between neurons as a function of the similarity of their ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... neurons in the pair produce similar responses to the proffered tastant [31•]. Such data may reflect the existence of direct connections between the recorded pair, and have been interpreted as evidence that nearby GC neurons form part of ...
... neurons in the pair produce similar responses to the proffered tastant [31•]. Such data may reflect the existence of direct connections between the recorded pair, and have been interpreted as evidence that nearby GC neurons form part of ...
Selectivity and Tolerance - Penn Arts and Sciences
... To guard against nonstationary effects (e.g., familiarity with the images), recordings in each animal were alternated between V4 and IT. Specifically, recordings were made in one visual area (V4 or IT) for 1–5 weeks, and then recordings were made in the other area; this alternating process was repea ...
... To guard against nonstationary effects (e.g., familiarity with the images), recordings in each animal were alternated between V4 and IT. Specifically, recordings were made in one visual area (V4 or IT) for 1–5 weeks, and then recordings were made in the other area; this alternating process was repea ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.