Visuomotor development
... Sensorimotor coordination has been an active research topic for both neuroscience and artificial intelligence over the last decade. The integration of sensory information for movement guidance represents perhaps the most basic operation that a nervous (or artificial) system must solve (Churchland an ...
... Sensorimotor coordination has been an active research topic for both neuroscience and artificial intelligence over the last decade. The integration of sensory information for movement guidance represents perhaps the most basic operation that a nervous (or artificial) system must solve (Churchland an ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... to the retina—its principle inputs as few as five synapses from the photoreceptors—a feature which means, among other things, that the mechanisms by which its receptive field properties arise can be profitably studied. And, although MT neurons are near enough to the inputs to be mechanistically tractab ...
... to the retina—its principle inputs as few as five synapses from the photoreceptors—a feature which means, among other things, that the mechanisms by which its receptive field properties arise can be profitably studied. And, although MT neurons are near enough to the inputs to be mechanistically tractab ...
Information About Spatial View in an Ensemble of Primate
... three of the four cups (c1–c4) shown in Fig. 1 from time to time during the experiment and also were scattered sometimes on the floor to ensure that the monkey explored the environment fully. Three of the cups c1–c4 were provided with food to encourage the monkey to learn about the places of food in ...
... three of the four cups (c1–c4) shown in Fig. 1 from time to time during the experiment and also were scattered sometimes on the floor to ensure that the monkey explored the environment fully. Three of the cups c1–c4 were provided with food to encourage the monkey to learn about the places of food in ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... to the retina—its principle inputs as few as five synapses from the photoreceptors—a feature which means, among other things, that the mechanisms by which its receptive field properties arise can be profitably studied. And, although MT neurons are near enough to the inputs to be mechanistically tractab ...
... to the retina—its principle inputs as few as five synapses from the photoreceptors—a feature which means, among other things, that the mechanisms by which its receptive field properties arise can be profitably studied. And, although MT neurons are near enough to the inputs to be mechanistically tractab ...
A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual
... lacking. Perception was also viewed in terms of variational free-energy minimization based on the assumption that biological systems maximize the Bayesian evidence for their model of the world through an active sampling of sensory information (Friston et al. 2006). Studies showed that activity in a ...
... lacking. Perception was also viewed in terms of variational free-energy minimization based on the assumption that biological systems maximize the Bayesian evidence for their model of the world through an active sampling of sensory information (Friston et al. 2006). Studies showed that activity in a ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... Measuring classical and extra-classical RFs. We used responses to pure tones and tone pairs to measure classical and extra-classical tuning. Here, we define the CRF as the range of frequency–intensity combinations that modulate spiking significantly above or below the baseline firing rate. We define ...
... Measuring classical and extra-classical RFs. We used responses to pure tones and tone pairs to measure classical and extra-classical tuning. Here, we define the CRF as the range of frequency–intensity combinations that modulate spiking significantly above or below the baseline firing rate. We define ...
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of
... in principle, open to experimental test, but for some criteria, no experimental test may be immediately available, owing to current technical limitations. To the extent that these criteria are fulfilled, we would feel increasingly certain about a proposed link between neural activity and perception. ...
... in principle, open to experimental test, but for some criteria, no experimental test may be immediately available, owing to current technical limitations. To the extent that these criteria are fulfilled, we would feel increasingly certain about a proposed link between neural activity and perception. ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the distribution of counts from trials with coherent motion in the null direction (distribution X in Figure 2A). The resulting ROC areas (Figure 2B) described the probability that an ide ...
... from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the distribution of counts from trials with coherent motion in the null direction (distribution X in Figure 2A). The resulting ROC areas (Figure 2B) described the probability that an ide ...
Neural Coding: Higher Order Temporal Patterns in the
... is based on the use of cross correlation techniques, usually applied to the activity of pairs (sometimes triplets) of neurons recorded under appropriate stimulus conditions. The result is a time-averaged measure of the temporal correlation among the spiking events of the observed neurons under thos ...
... is based on the use of cross correlation techniques, usually applied to the activity of pairs (sometimes triplets) of neurons recorded under appropriate stimulus conditions. The result is a time-averaged measure of the temporal correlation among the spiking events of the observed neurons under thos ...
Nature template
... efficiently and very fast (5-7). In a brain slice, precise time relations among several neurons have been observed (4). Could this phenomenon be also observed in brains of behaving animals? We use here data-mining techniques and rigorous statistic testing to test how precise are time intervals betwe ...
... efficiently and very fast (5-7). In a brain slice, precise time relations among several neurons have been observed (4). Could this phenomenon be also observed in brains of behaving animals? We use here data-mining techniques and rigorous statistic testing to test how precise are time intervals betwe ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... (1946a) areas 36 and 20. Area 20 was considered to be primary cortex by Krieg (1946a), while Zilles et al. (1980) considers that area to be secondary cortex based on electrophysiological data in the literature. To our knowledge, there has never been a detailed [3H]thymidine autoradiographic study of ...
... (1946a) areas 36 and 20. Area 20 was considered to be primary cortex by Krieg (1946a), while Zilles et al. (1980) considers that area to be secondary cortex based on electrophysiological data in the literature. To our knowledge, there has never been a detailed [3H]thymidine autoradiographic study of ...
An Optogenetic Approach to Understanding the Neural Circuits of Fear
... known to be activated during specific time periods of fear conditioning (example, CS or US periods), but in most cases, their temporally limited, functional role in behavior and neural processing is unknown. In addition, within specific areas of the fear circuit, there are neuronal subpopulations (s ...
... known to be activated during specific time periods of fear conditioning (example, CS or US periods), but in most cases, their temporally limited, functional role in behavior and neural processing is unknown. In addition, within specific areas of the fear circuit, there are neuronal subpopulations (s ...
Nonlinear Population Codes - Department of Nonlinear Dynamics
... effect of correlations on the accuracy of population coding. They showed that long-range positive correlations that vary smoothly with the functional distance between the neurons lead to saturation of the accuracy by which the stimulus parameters can be extracted to a nite value, even in the limit ...
... effect of correlations on the accuracy of population coding. They showed that long-range positive correlations that vary smoothly with the functional distance between the neurons lead to saturation of the accuracy by which the stimulus parameters can be extracted to a nite value, even in the limit ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... callosum to the adjacent cingulate gyri. This diffusion of HRP was sufficient to produce retrograde filling of neurons in the thalamus. In the animals used in this report, the thalamic label included a primary focus of HRP-filled neurons within the anterior nuclear group with additional light label ...
... callosum to the adjacent cingulate gyri. This diffusion of HRP was sufficient to produce retrograde filling of neurons in the thalamus. In the animals used in this report, the thalamic label included a primary focus of HRP-filled neurons within the anterior nuclear group with additional light label ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... Unless neurophysiologists use stimuli embodying the “semantics” of natural images, they will advance—with or without the inclusion of behavioral links—only a few fledgling steps toward an understanding of the neuronal bases of perception. To illustrate this assertion, imagine attempting to understan ...
... Unless neurophysiologists use stimuli embodying the “semantics” of natural images, they will advance—with or without the inclusion of behavioral links—only a few fledgling steps toward an understanding of the neuronal bases of perception. To illustrate this assertion, imagine attempting to understan ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... neuron were stable. One iteration consisted of a set of trials on each one of which one of the stimuli from the set was shown. The order of presentation of the stimuli was re-randomized for each iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of the ...
... neuron were stable. One iteration consisted of a set of trials on each one of which one of the stimuli from the set was shown. The order of presentation of the stimuli was re-randomized for each iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of the ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... type of sensory stimulation, almost half (48%) of the recorded neurons remained unresponsive to such stimulation (Tanila et al. 1992). It has been proposed that the neurons in the PFCdl that do not respond to any external stimulation may represent a neuronal population that is engaged in mnemonic pr ...
... type of sensory stimulation, almost half (48%) of the recorded neurons remained unresponsive to such stimulation (Tanila et al. 1992). It has been proposed that the neurons in the PFCdl that do not respond to any external stimulation may represent a neuronal population that is engaged in mnemonic pr ...
Preserving information in neural transmission - CNL
... time available for recordings. The signal-to-noise ratio needed to record EPSPs extracellularly meant that the electrode was often very close to, if not touching, the cell. Recordings rarely lasted more than an hour, because the neuron could be injured with even minor relative motion between the ele ...
... time available for recordings. The signal-to-noise ratio needed to record EPSPs extracellularly meant that the electrode was often very close to, if not touching, the cell. Recordings rarely lasted more than an hour, because the neuron could be injured with even minor relative motion between the ele ...
Predictions, perception, and a sense of self
... better top-down predictions (optimization of the posterior expectations or beliefs). This is a relatively simple and neuronally plausible scheme for which there is a large amount of circumstantial evidence.8 This evidence suggests that superficial pyramidal cells in the upper layers of cortex (green ...
... better top-down predictions (optimization of the posterior expectations or beliefs). This is a relatively simple and neuronally plausible scheme for which there is a large amount of circumstantial evidence.8 This evidence suggests that superficial pyramidal cells in the upper layers of cortex (green ...
Neurons in the Most Superficial Lamina of the Mouse Superior
... rons in the most superficial lamina of the mouse SGS. around the craniotomy to block light from the visual stimulus during imaging. The SC was covered by 2.5% agarose in ACSF for stability. Materials and Methods Imaging was performed with a two-photon microscope (2P-SGS; Prairie Animal preparation. ...
... rons in the most superficial lamina of the mouse SGS. around the craniotomy to block light from the visual stimulus during imaging. The SC was covered by 2.5% agarose in ACSF for stability. Materials and Methods Imaging was performed with a two-photon microscope (2P-SGS; Prairie Animal preparation. ...
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences
... The first clear insight into the neural pathways mediating object recognition was obtained in the late 19th century when the American neurologist Sanger Brown and the British physiologist Edward Albert Schäfer found that experimental lesions of the temporal lobe in primates resulted in loss of the a ...
... The first clear insight into the neural pathways mediating object recognition was obtained in the late 19th century when the American neurologist Sanger Brown and the British physiologist Edward Albert Schäfer found that experimental lesions of the temporal lobe in primates resulted in loss of the a ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... described the location and the retinotopy of various visual cortical areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobe of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (Innocenti et al., 2002; Manger et al., 2002a,b, 2004). A motion-sensitive area comparable to PMLS and MT/MST, however, initially mentioned by ...
... described the location and the retinotopy of various visual cortical areas in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobe of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (Innocenti et al., 2002; Manger et al., 2002a,b, 2004). A motion-sensitive area comparable to PMLS and MT/MST, however, initially mentioned by ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... that linking propositions form some of the necessary elements of that domain. The question then becomes, what kinds of linking propositions do visual scientists use, what are their logical interrelationships and truth-values, and what roles do they play in the structure of modern visual science? In ...
... that linking propositions form some of the necessary elements of that domain. The question then becomes, what kinds of linking propositions do visual scientists use, what are their logical interrelationships and truth-values, and what roles do they play in the structure of modern visual science? In ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... Growing evidence from primate neurophysiology and modeling indicates that in reaction time tasks, a perceptual choice is made when the firing rate of a selective cortical neural population reaches a threshold. This raises two questions: what is the neural substrate of the threshold and how can it be ...
... Growing evidence from primate neurophysiology and modeling indicates that in reaction time tasks, a perceptual choice is made when the firing rate of a selective cortical neural population reaches a threshold. This raises two questions: what is the neural substrate of the threshold and how can it be ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... superficial pyramidal cells up to the next higher cortical level to update internal models (reviewed in detail Friston, 2005; Clark, 2013). Several models in which neurons engage in probabilistic processing in order to infer the causes of their inputs have been proposed (e.g., Rao and Ballard, 1999; ...
... superficial pyramidal cells up to the next higher cortical level to update internal models (reviewed in detail Friston, 2005; Clark, 2013). Several models in which neurons engage in probabilistic processing in order to infer the causes of their inputs have been proposed (e.g., Rao and Ballard, 1999; ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.