PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... could shift its position in the rank ordering, which would produce a corresponding shift in the positions of all the other odors. Since the sample number for each ORN, PN, and odor combination was limited, the mean response could not always be precisely estimated, resulting in errors in the rank ord ...
... could shift its position in the rank ordering, which would produce a corresponding shift in the positions of all the other odors. Since the sample number for each ORN, PN, and odor combination was limited, the mean response could not always be precisely estimated, resulting in errors in the rank ord ...
Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... hypothesis that cellular individuality represents a smaller computational role within the context of the larger network. These competing hypotheses raise the important question to what extent the computational function of a neuron is determined by its individual type or by its circuit connections. W ...
... hypothesis that cellular individuality represents a smaller computational role within the context of the larger network. These competing hypotheses raise the important question to what extent the computational function of a neuron is determined by its individual type or by its circuit connections. W ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... sensory areas, spatial locations are encoded differently in each modality: visual receptive fields (RFs) are anchored to the retina, auditory RFs to the head, and tactile RFs to the skin surface. How does the nervous system cope with this? A standard view is that multisensory neurons integrate infor ...
... sensory areas, spatial locations are encoded differently in each modality: visual receptive fields (RFs) are anchored to the retina, auditory RFs to the head, and tactile RFs to the skin surface. How does the nervous system cope with this? A standard view is that multisensory neurons integrate infor ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... region (also known as the magnocellular nucleus basalis of Meynert) in the basal forebrain (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase the average visual response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Fina ...
... region (also known as the magnocellular nucleus basalis of Meynert) in the basal forebrain (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase the average visual response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Fina ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... contrast, the first response of the AC neurons (⬃25°C) was not significantly different (t(16) ⫽ 0.5155, p ⫽ 0.6133) regardless of whether the antennae remained connected (Fig. 1C). The data suggest that the second response (⬃27°C) of the AC neurons is dependent on the antennae. To further support th ...
... contrast, the first response of the AC neurons (⬃25°C) was not significantly different (t(16) ⫽ 0.5155, p ⫽ 0.6133) regardless of whether the antennae remained connected (Fig. 1C). The data suggest that the second response (⬃27°C) of the AC neurons is dependent on the antennae. To further support th ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... Besides this suppressive effect, several other related experimental results have been reported (for reviews, see the papers by Seriés et al. (2003); Shapley (2004); Angelucci and Bullier (2003)). Under some conditions, the surround may cause facilitation as opposed to suppression (Polat et al., 199 ...
... Besides this suppressive effect, several other related experimental results have been reported (for reviews, see the papers by Seriés et al. (2003); Shapley (2004); Angelucci and Bullier (2003)). Under some conditions, the surround may cause facilitation as opposed to suppression (Polat et al., 199 ...
Selectivity and sparseness in the responses of striate complex cells
... can be efficient from an information theoretic standpoint when they arise from sets of receptive fields that are matched to statistical regularities in the environment. Efficiency in this case means reduced redundancy (decorrelation) among responses of units within a population while seeking to preserve ...
... can be efficient from an information theoretic standpoint when they arise from sets of receptive fields that are matched to statistical regularities in the environment. Efficiency in this case means reduced redundancy (decorrelation) among responses of units within a population while seeking to preserve ...
Somatosensory Substrates of Flight Control in Bats
... is unmatched by gliding mammals and existing aircraft technologies. Bat wings have evolved not only for flight, like avian wings, but also for object manipulation, such as pup handling and capturing insects. This range of functions is possible because bat wings have more than 20 degrees of freedom i ...
... is unmatched by gliding mammals and existing aircraft technologies. Bat wings have evolved not only for flight, like avian wings, but also for object manipulation, such as pup handling and capturing insects. This range of functions is possible because bat wings have more than 20 degrees of freedom i ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... Ôventral stream’ modules that correspond approximately to visual areas V 1, V 2, V 4, IT, and a set of Ôdorsal stream’ modules that correspond approximately to V 1, V 2 and PP. 2.1.2. The biased competition hypothesis of attention and visual search The dichotomy between parallel and serial operation ...
... Ôventral stream’ modules that correspond approximately to visual areas V 1, V 2, V 4, IT, and a set of Ôdorsal stream’ modules that correspond approximately to V 1, V 2 and PP. 2.1.2. The biased competition hypothesis of attention and visual search The dichotomy between parallel and serial operation ...
Neural correlates for perception of 3d surface orientation from texture
... (Fig. 4C), suggesting that ANC-1 does not require UNC-84 to anchor mitochondria as it does for nuclear anchorage. Our model (fig. S4) suggests that ANC-1 functions to anchor nuclei by tethering the nucleus to the actin cytoskeleton and predicts that the KASH domain of ANC-1 is localized to the outer ...
... (Fig. 4C), suggesting that ANC-1 does not require UNC-84 to anchor mitochondria as it does for nuclear anchorage. Our model (fig. S4) suggests that ANC-1 functions to anchor nuclei by tethering the nucleus to the actin cytoskeleton and predicts that the KASH domain of ANC-1 is localized to the outer ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... (n ⫽ 45) and GG (n ⫽ 26) neurons to determine if they were different from the labeled neurons. No neurons were spontaneously active. Depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents were injected to investigate action potential and passive membrane properties, respectively. Since the ganglion cells were ob ...
... (n ⫽ 45) and GG (n ⫽ 26) neurons to determine if they were different from the labeled neurons. No neurons were spontaneously active. Depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents were injected to investigate action potential and passive membrane properties, respectively. Since the ganglion cells were ob ...
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
... Using conductance-based models, they showed that a simple model could reproduce these responses. Their model contained superficial and deep pyramidal cells with a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three neuronal populations received thalamic drive and were fully interconnected. The deep pyramidal ...
... Using conductance-based models, they showed that a simple model could reproduce these responses. Their model contained superficial and deep pyramidal cells with a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three neuronal populations received thalamic drive and were fully interconnected. The deep pyramidal ...
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland
... Baltimre’s Inner Harbor from Sunday, July 18th to Tuesday, July 20th. Workshops will take place in the hotel as well in smaller meeting rooms equipped with audio visual equipment from Thursday, July 22nd to Friday July 23rd. Maps of the Inner Harbor and surrounding areas are included on the followin ...
... Baltimre’s Inner Harbor from Sunday, July 18th to Tuesday, July 20th. Workshops will take place in the hotel as well in smaller meeting rooms equipped with audio visual equipment from Thursday, July 22nd to Friday July 23rd. Maps of the Inner Harbor and surrounding areas are included on the followin ...
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
... Gallese et al. 2002). This area forms the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule. PF receives input from STS, where there are many neurons that become active during the observation of action (Perrett at al. 1989), and sends output to area F5. Neurons in area PF are functionally heterogeneous. ...
... Gallese et al. 2002). This area forms the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule. PF receives input from STS, where there are many neurons that become active during the observation of action (Perrett at al. 1989), and sends output to area F5. Neurons in area PF are functionally heterogeneous. ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... dots, gratings, or simple patches. Consequently, evidence that sSC neurons process prototypical facial stimuli is lacking. Since it has been reported that individual sSC neurons are not sensitive to shape (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972), we hypothesized that population activit ...
... dots, gratings, or simple patches. Consequently, evidence that sSC neurons process prototypical facial stimuli is lacking. Since it has been reported that individual sSC neurons are not sensitive to shape (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972), we hypothesized that population activit ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... when noisy sensory input must be integrated gradually over time11; however, a much more common yet largely unexplored situation is one in which non-noisy (suprathreshold) information is available but the initiation of action is not directly linked to any abrupt external event, as in the tennis examp ...
... when noisy sensory input must be integrated gradually over time11; however, a much more common yet largely unexplored situation is one in which non-noisy (suprathreshold) information is available but the initiation of action is not directly linked to any abrupt external event, as in the tennis examp ...
Sensory responses and movement-related activities in extrinsic
... soaked with an extract of orange or banana. As a control, a current of air from a syringe containing no ®lter paper was also applied. Each stimulus was applied three to ®ve times with an interval of at least 20 s between applications. We noted large variations in the responses to these stimuli, poss ...
... soaked with an extract of orange or banana. As a control, a current of air from a syringe containing no ®lter paper was also applied. Each stimulus was applied three to ®ve times with an interval of at least 20 s between applications. We noted large variations in the responses to these stimuli, poss ...
Evidence for implication of primate area V1 in neural 3
... We investigated the neural mechanisms underlying visual localization in 3-D space in area V1 of behaving monkeys. Three different sources of information, retinal disparity, viewing distance and gaze direction, that participate in these neural mechanisms are being reviewed. The way they interact with ...
... We investigated the neural mechanisms underlying visual localization in 3-D space in area V1 of behaving monkeys. Three different sources of information, retinal disparity, viewing distance and gaze direction, that participate in these neural mechanisms are being reviewed. The way they interact with ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... reduced by feeding it to satiety (i.e. sensory-specific satiety, see Rolls, 1999, 2005), the monkeys still chose the visual stimuli associated with the foods with which they had been satiated. The aim of the study described here was to investigate whether amygdala neurons that respond to visual stim ...
... reduced by feeding it to satiety (i.e. sensory-specific satiety, see Rolls, 1999, 2005), the monkeys still chose the visual stimuli associated with the foods with which they had been satiated. The aim of the study described here was to investigate whether amygdala neurons that respond to visual stim ...
Visual Motion-Detection Circuits in Flies: Small
... Ramon y Cajal’s (1937) reference to the “exquisite adjustment” of the insect optic lobes reflected his conclusion that, of all the systems he had encountered, the insect visual pathways were the most structurally complex. The reason Ramon y Cajal gave was that insect optic lobes contain so many diff ...
... Ramon y Cajal’s (1937) reference to the “exquisite adjustment” of the insect optic lobes reflected his conclusion that, of all the systems he had encountered, the insect visual pathways were the most structurally complex. The reason Ramon y Cajal gave was that insect optic lobes contain so many diff ...
I Know What You Are Doing: A - Università degli Studi di Parma
... Figure 1. Example of a Neuron Responding to Action Observation in Full Vision and in Hidden Condition but Not in Mimed Conditions The lower part of each panel illustrates schematically the experimenter’s action as observed from the monkey’s vantage point: the experimenter’s hand started from a fixed ...
... Figure 1. Example of a Neuron Responding to Action Observation in Full Vision and in Hidden Condition but Not in Mimed Conditions The lower part of each panel illustrates schematically the experimenter’s action as observed from the monkey’s vantage point: the experimenter’s hand started from a fixed ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
Evolution of Time-Coding Systems in Weakly Electric Fishes
... encoded, and further processed by peripheral and central neurons specialized for time coding. There are time codes for the sex or species identities of other fish or the resistance and capacitance of objects. In the central nervous system, specialized neural elements exist for decoding time codes fo ...
... encoded, and further processed by peripheral and central neurons specialized for time coding. There are time codes for the sex or species identities of other fish or the resistance and capacitance of objects. In the central nervous system, specialized neural elements exist for decoding time codes fo ...
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... Fig. 2. However, a computational model that explains how this laminar architecture contributes to the perception and cognition abilities is still unknown. LAMINART [11] presented a schematic model of the 6-layer circuitry, accompanied with simulation results that explained how top-down attentional e ...
... Fig. 2. However, a computational model that explains how this laminar architecture contributes to the perception and cognition abilities is still unknown. LAMINART [11] presented a schematic model of the 6-layer circuitry, accompanied with simulation results that explained how top-down attentional e ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.