view - Scan. Vet. Press
... cell in the primary visual cortex. The cell receives synaptic input from many neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus. The neurons connected to a particular cortical cell have circular receptive fields that are linearly arranged and of the same type. This gives the cortical cell an oblong receptiv ...
... cell in the primary visual cortex. The cell receives synaptic input from many neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus. The neurons connected to a particular cortical cell have circular receptive fields that are linearly arranged and of the same type. This gives the cortical cell an oblong receptiv ...
reverse engineering of the visual system using networks of spiking
... times that can be as short as 180 ms. If one subtracts roughly 80 ms for initiating and executing the motor response, this leaves only about 100 ms for visual processing. Interestingly, this is roughly the onset latency of neurones in the inferotemporal cortex, the highest order visual processing st ...
... times that can be as short as 180 ms. If one subtracts roughly 80 ms for initiating and executing the motor response, this leaves only about 100 ms for visual processing. Interestingly, this is roughly the onset latency of neurones in the inferotemporal cortex, the highest order visual processing st ...
Lecture 6
... • Accurate modeling of synaptic interactions between neurons • Taking into account the time of spike firing Fast adaptation & exponential capacity to memorize • How can we design efficient learning rules that take advantage of this computational model? • Can we already show in theory for simple ne ...
... • Accurate modeling of synaptic interactions between neurons • Taking into account the time of spike firing Fast adaptation & exponential capacity to memorize • How can we design efficient learning rules that take advantage of this computational model? • Can we already show in theory for simple ne ...
The effect of neural synchronization on information transmission
... nonlinear Poisson (LNP) cascade. The LNP neurons were tuned to 16 orientations and projected nonspecifically to 20% of the neurons in the receiver layer. We assumed that the stimulus was a sequence of drifting gratings with random orientations. In response to stimuli, the network displayed transient ...
... nonlinear Poisson (LNP) cascade. The LNP neurons were tuned to 16 orientations and projected nonspecifically to 20% of the neurons in the receiver layer. We assumed that the stimulus was a sequence of drifting gratings with random orientations. In response to stimuli, the network displayed transient ...
Blue= rods Green = Cones
... • V1 appears to be organized into modules • Each module receives input from both eyes about one small part of the visual field • Input from each eye is separated into “ocular dominance columns” within the module • CO Blobs: color and low spatial frequency • Outside of CO Blobs: orientation, movement ...
... • V1 appears to be organized into modules • Each module receives input from both eyes about one small part of the visual field • Input from each eye is separated into “ocular dominance columns” within the module • CO Blobs: color and low spatial frequency • Outside of CO Blobs: orientation, movement ...
Chapter 3: The nerve cell Multiple Choice Questions (1
... d. a tangle of neuronal axons that no longer function properly 4. The reentrant, or ” two-way”, connections between neuronal arrays are a. by far the most common connection type b. limited to connections within the cerebral cortex c. only about 10% of the connections in the cortex d. limited to visi ...
... d. a tangle of neuronal axons that no longer function properly 4. The reentrant, or ” two-way”, connections between neuronal arrays are a. by far the most common connection type b. limited to connections within the cerebral cortex c. only about 10% of the connections in the cortex d. limited to visi ...
Slide 1
... multiple sclerosis. During the video, note down: – What do you see? – What does it make you think? – What does it make you wonder? ...
... multiple sclerosis. During the video, note down: – What do you see? – What does it make you think? – What does it make you wonder? ...
Slide ()
... Pathways for visual processing, pupillary reflex and accommodation, and control of eye position. A. Visual processing. The eye sends information first to thalamic nuclei, including the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar, and from there to cortical areas. Cortical projections go forward from the ...
... Pathways for visual processing, pupillary reflex and accommodation, and control of eye position. A. Visual processing. The eye sends information first to thalamic nuclei, including the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar, and from there to cortical areas. Cortical projections go forward from the ...
Using Breakthroughs in Visual Neuroscience to
... neural circuits process and integrate visual signals. For example, recording the impulses from clusters of retinal ganglion cells, which transmit visual input from the eye to the brain, allows researchers to characterize completely the information presented to the visual parts of the brain. The next ...
... neural circuits process and integrate visual signals. For example, recording the impulses from clusters of retinal ganglion cells, which transmit visual input from the eye to the brain, allows researchers to characterize completely the information presented to the visual parts of the brain. The next ...
Neural coding in the primary olfactory cortex
... The primary olfactory (piriform) cortex is a phylogenetically-ancient three-layered structure that is the first cortical destination of olfactory information. The comparatively simple architecture of the piriform cortex (PC) suggests that it may be a valuable model system for the study of cortical s ...
... The primary olfactory (piriform) cortex is a phylogenetically-ancient three-layered structure that is the first cortical destination of olfactory information. The comparatively simple architecture of the piriform cortex (PC) suggests that it may be a valuable model system for the study of cortical s ...
Slide ()
... Signals from the midbrain-hindbrain boundary pattern neurons in the midbrain and hindbrain. A. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals from the isthmic organizer act in concert with sonic hedgehog (Shh) signals from the ventral midline to specify the identity and position of dopaminergic and serotone ...
... Signals from the midbrain-hindbrain boundary pattern neurons in the midbrain and hindbrain. A. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals from the isthmic organizer act in concert with sonic hedgehog (Shh) signals from the ventral midline to specify the identity and position of dopaminergic and serotone ...
Brumberg - QC Queens College
... interconnections between the different elements. The focus of the Brumberg’s lab research is to characterize development and the neurons of the rodent barrel cortex with a dual emphasis on the interactions between the sensory and motor systems that govern the animals whisking behavior and the role t ...
... interconnections between the different elements. The focus of the Brumberg’s lab research is to characterize development and the neurons of the rodent barrel cortex with a dual emphasis on the interactions between the sensory and motor systems that govern the animals whisking behavior and the role t ...
Information Theoretic Approach to the Study of Auditory Coding
... auditory pathway, and puts forward redundancy reduction as a potential generic organization principle for sensory systems. Such a process was hypothesized 40 years ago by Barlow based on a computational motivation and is experimentally demonstrated here for the first time. We further show that the r ...
... auditory pathway, and puts forward redundancy reduction as a potential generic organization principle for sensory systems. Such a process was hypothesized 40 years ago by Barlow based on a computational motivation and is experimentally demonstrated here for the first time. We further show that the r ...
Memory Capacity of a Hebbian Learning Model with Inhibition
... parameters governing the stochastic learning process are fixed, the storage capacity of the model to learn a stream of uncorrelated stimuli is as low as O(log N), where N is the number of neurons in the network. If the coding level (proportion of active neurons) of the stimuli can vary with N as f ∼ ...
... parameters governing the stochastic learning process are fixed, the storage capacity of the model to learn a stream of uncorrelated stimuli is as low as O(log N), where N is the number of neurons in the network. If the coding level (proportion of active neurons) of the stimuli can vary with N as f ∼ ...
Theoretical Neuroscience - Neural Dynamics and Computation Lab
... their efficacies in an activity dependent manner, the question of how many such relatively simple biophysical units interact with each other to give rise to complex higher level cognitive phenomena remains one of the most striking conundrums in modern neuroscience. An essential component of progress ...
... their efficacies in an activity dependent manner, the question of how many such relatively simple biophysical units interact with each other to give rise to complex higher level cognitive phenomena remains one of the most striking conundrums in modern neuroscience. An essential component of progress ...
Slide ()
... Afferent pathways from the two eyes project to discrete columns of neurons in the visual cortex. Retinal ganglion neurons from each eye send axons to separate layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The axons of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus project to neurons in layer IVC of the prima ...
... Afferent pathways from the two eyes project to discrete columns of neurons in the visual cortex. Retinal ganglion neurons from each eye send axons to separate layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The axons of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus project to neurons in layer IVC of the prima ...
Runx1t1- Exploring its role as a transcriptional regulator in the
... Runx1t1- Exploring its role as a transcriptional regulator in the dorsal root ganglion neuron specification Aditya Harisankar One of the most complex issues in developmental neurobiology is to understand how diversity in the nervous system is created. A classic model system in which to address this ...
... Runx1t1- Exploring its role as a transcriptional regulator in the dorsal root ganglion neuron specification Aditya Harisankar One of the most complex issues in developmental neurobiology is to understand how diversity in the nervous system is created. A classic model system in which to address this ...
Reading the neural code in behaving animals, ~1000 neurons at a ,me
... represented by a dispropor3onally greater number of place cells than non-‐rewarded loca3ons. Spa3al coding was also highly dynamic, for on each day the neural representa3on of this environment involved a uni ...
... represented by a dispropor3onally greater number of place cells than non-‐rewarded loca3ons. Spa3al coding was also highly dynamic, for on each day the neural representa3on of this environment involved a uni ...
Slide ()
... Neural networks in relay nuclei integrate sensory information from multiple receptors. A. Sensory information is transmitted in the central nervous system through hierarchical processing networks. A stimulus to the skin is registered by a large group of postsynaptic neurons in relay nuclei in the br ...
... Neural networks in relay nuclei integrate sensory information from multiple receptors. A. Sensory information is transmitted in the central nervous system through hierarchical processing networks. A stimulus to the skin is registered by a large group of postsynaptic neurons in relay nuclei in the br ...
Local Cortical Circuits
... Sources of Excitation Within Groups of Neurons Is the Cortical Network Randomly Connected? ...
... Sources of Excitation Within Groups of Neurons Is the Cortical Network Randomly Connected? ...
Slide ()
... Responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex of a monkey to visual stimuli. (Adapted, with permission, from Hubel and Wiesel 1977.) A. A diagonal bar of light is moved leftward across the visual field, traversing the receptive fields of a binocularly responsive cell in area 17 of visual cortex. ...
... Responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex of a monkey to visual stimuli. (Adapted, with permission, from Hubel and Wiesel 1977.) A. A diagonal bar of light is moved leftward across the visual field, traversing the receptive fields of a binocularly responsive cell in area 17 of visual cortex. ...
Slide
... Overview of the visual system as related to visual prostheses. In most retinal dystrophies, the first order photoreceptor neurons (rods and cones) are lost. Thus, second order neurons (bipolar cells) are the earliest viable target, typically for subretinal and suprachoroidal devices. Epiretinal devi ...
... Overview of the visual system as related to visual prostheses. In most retinal dystrophies, the first order photoreceptor neurons (rods and cones) are lost. Thus, second order neurons (bipolar cells) are the earliest viable target, typically for subretinal and suprachoroidal devices. Epiretinal devi ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.