Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnections contrasts with the many differences between these two areas. Ar ...
... the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnections contrasts with the many differences between these two areas. Ar ...
Integration of Visual and Auditory Information by Superior Temporal
... Little is known, however, about what auditory and visual information might be integrated or the underlying integrative mechanisms. These early studies showed that STS neurons that respond to the visual presentation of hands, faces, and moving objects could also respond to beeps, clicks, white noise, ...
... Little is known, however, about what auditory and visual information might be integrated or the underlying integrative mechanisms. These early studies showed that STS neurons that respond to the visual presentation of hands, faces, and moving objects could also respond to beeps, clicks, white noise, ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... Topographic maps are common throughout the nervous system, yet their functional role is still unclear. In particular, whether they are necessary for decoding sensory stimuli is unknown. Here we examined this question by recording population activity at the cellular level from the larval zebrafish te ...
... Topographic maps are common throughout the nervous system, yet their functional role is still unclear. In particular, whether they are necessary for decoding sensory stimuli is unknown. Here we examined this question by recording population activity at the cellular level from the larval zebrafish te ...
PDF
... the teaching signal was further enriched to better fit the pertaining biological data on the responses of DA neurons to novel stimuli. The actor in these models was comprised of one layer of neurons, each representing a specific action. It learned stimulus-action pairs based on the prediction error ...
... the teaching signal was further enriched to better fit the pertaining biological data on the responses of DA neurons to novel stimuli. The actor in these models was comprised of one layer of neurons, each representing a specific action. It learned stimulus-action pairs based on the prediction error ...
Towards the integration of neural mechanisms and cognition in
... neural circuits and the robot; it is the control interface and it implements how the neural activity is translated in actuation. The Neural lattice layer is the brain model and it is fairly composed by at least two sublayers: the neural circuits and the cognition. The neural circuits layer contains ...
... neural circuits and the robot; it is the control interface and it implements how the neural activity is translated in actuation. The Neural lattice layer is the brain model and it is fairly composed by at least two sublayers: the neural circuits and the cognition. The neural circuits layer contains ...
Abstracts - BCCN 2009
... The Hodgkin and Huxley model of a neuron, when driven with constant input, spikes periodically, such that the dynamics trace out a stable, closed orbit in the system's state space, which is composed of the voltage and the gating variables. If the input is not constant, but varies in time around a me ...
... The Hodgkin and Huxley model of a neuron, when driven with constant input, spikes periodically, such that the dynamics trace out a stable, closed orbit in the system's state space, which is composed of the voltage and the gating variables. If the input is not constant, but varies in time around a me ...
How Do We See the World?
... Dogs provide a good example of the difference between the world that is “out there” and our perception of it. Dogs have very limited capacity to distinguish colors; they likely see very little color. Yet dogs have an olfactory system that smells in “Technicolor” compared with our simple “black and w ...
... Dogs provide a good example of the difference between the world that is “out there” and our perception of it. Dogs have very limited capacity to distinguish colors; they likely see very little color. Yet dogs have an olfactory system that smells in “Technicolor” compared with our simple “black and w ...
Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with
... response was evoked when the monkey grasped a small piece of food with its hand (E) or its mouth (F). Note that also the motor response, as the visual response, began during the approaching phase of grasping and peaked when the hand or the mouth closed on the food. Figure 2 shows an example of a neu ...
... response was evoked when the monkey grasped a small piece of food with its hand (E) or its mouth (F). Note that also the motor response, as the visual response, began during the approaching phase of grasping and peaked when the hand or the mouth closed on the food. Figure 2 shows an example of a neu ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... implies a representation of primary reinforcers such as the taste of food, and indeed taste neurons have been described in the amygdala (Sanghera et al., 1979; Nishijo et al., 1988a,b; Scott et al., 1993; Yan and Scott, 1996) and taste responsiveness in the human amygdala (O’Doherty et al., 2001). A ...
... implies a representation of primary reinforcers such as the taste of food, and indeed taste neurons have been described in the amygdala (Sanghera et al., 1979; Nishijo et al., 1988a,b; Scott et al., 1993; Yan and Scott, 1996) and taste responsiveness in the human amygdala (O’Doherty et al., 2001). A ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... The simulated looming stimulus used in the present study consisted of a 5·cm black square, which approached over a distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and ...
... The simulated looming stimulus used in the present study consisted of a 5·cm black square, which approached over a distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and ...
choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation
... research, often referred to as ‘neuroeconomics’, the expressed goal of which is to understand the neural basis of individual choice behaviour 2 . This field encompasses behavioural, imaging and physiological approaches in both humans and animals. In this review, we discuss data only from electrophys ...
... research, often referred to as ‘neuroeconomics’, the expressed goal of which is to understand the neural basis of individual choice behaviour 2 . This field encompasses behavioural, imaging and physiological approaches in both humans and animals. In this review, we discuss data only from electrophys ...
Full Article - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... The two behavioural trends observed in this study were well represented in the activity of neurons recorded from the dSC (n = 28). The strong opposite-side advantage observed in both monkeys at the 250-ms CTOA was associated with a marked reduction in the magnitude of the target-aligned response for ...
... The two behavioural trends observed in this study were well represented in the activity of neurons recorded from the dSC (n = 28). The strong opposite-side advantage observed in both monkeys at the 250-ms CTOA was associated with a marked reduction in the magnitude of the target-aligned response for ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... investigating the functional properties of TANs in behaving monkeys have shown that other factors beyond motivation can affect their responsiveness. There is now evidence that TAN responses reflect stimulus detection, movement control and recognition of a specific context, suggesting that these loca ...
... investigating the functional properties of TANs in behaving monkeys have shown that other factors beyond motivation can affect their responsiveness. There is now evidence that TAN responses reflect stimulus detection, movement control and recognition of a specific context, suggesting that these loca ...
(Full text - MSWord file 171K)
... enriched to better fit the pertaining biological data on the responses of DA neurons to novel stimuli. ...
... enriched to better fit the pertaining biological data on the responses of DA neurons to novel stimuli. ...
Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... meaningful groupings or categories. This process of abstracting and storing the commonalities among like-themed individuals is fundamental to cognitive processing because it imparts knowledge. For example, knowing that a new gadget is a “camera” instantly and effortlessly provides a great deal of in ...
... meaningful groupings or categories. This process of abstracting and storing the commonalities among like-themed individuals is fundamental to cognitive processing because it imparts knowledge. For example, knowing that a new gadget is a “camera” instantly and effortlessly provides a great deal of in ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... mechanisms for the first two, and we shall follow that flow of understanding in this review as well. The precise geometric arrangement of facets on the fly compound eye already hints at a mechanism for motion perception: Any object sweeping by a fly eye affects different facets in succession at slightly ...
... mechanisms for the first two, and we shall follow that flow of understanding in this review as well. The precise geometric arrangement of facets on the fly compound eye already hints at a mechanism for motion perception: Any object sweeping by a fly eye affects different facets in succession at slightly ...
final scientific program
... Welcome to AREADNE 2014, the fifth AREADNE Conference on Research in Encoding and Decoding of Neural Ensembles. One of the fundamental problems in neuroscience today is to understand how the activation of large populations of neurons gives rise to the higher order functions of the brain including le ...
... Welcome to AREADNE 2014, the fifth AREADNE Conference on Research in Encoding and Decoding of Neural Ensembles. One of the fundamental problems in neuroscience today is to understand how the activation of large populations of neurons gives rise to the higher order functions of the brain including le ...
NIH Public Access
... specific to PV+ neurons (Fig. 1a). To measure the effect of ChR2 activation, we inserted a multichannel silicon probe4,5 near the injection site for simultaneous recording from all cortical layers (Supplementary Fig. 1b). Upon stimulation with blue (473 nm) laser, a small fraction (12/96, 13%) of th ...
... specific to PV+ neurons (Fig. 1a). To measure the effect of ChR2 activation, we inserted a multichannel silicon probe4,5 near the injection site for simultaneous recording from all cortical layers (Supplementary Fig. 1b). Upon stimulation with blue (473 nm) laser, a small fraction (12/96, 13%) of th ...
Binocular vision, the optic chiasm, and their associations with
... Ipsilateral retinal projections (IRP) in the optic chiasm (OC) vary considerably. Most animal groups possess laterally situated eyes and no or few IRP, but, e.g., cats and primates have frontal eyes and high proportions of IRP. The traditional hypothesis that bifocal vision developed to enable preda ...
... Ipsilateral retinal projections (IRP) in the optic chiasm (OC) vary considerably. Most animal groups possess laterally situated eyes and no or few IRP, but, e.g., cats and primates have frontal eyes and high proportions of IRP. The traditional hypothesis that bifocal vision developed to enable preda ...
Spiking Neurons - Computing Science and Mathematics
... to the muscle. Another textbook example is the touch receptor in the leech [Kandel and Schwartz, 1991] . The stronger the touch stimulus , the more spikes occur during a stimulation period of 500 ms. These classical results show that the experimenter as an external observer can evaluate and classify ...
... to the muscle. Another textbook example is the touch receptor in the leech [Kandel and Schwartz, 1991] . The stronger the touch stimulus , the more spikes occur during a stimulation period of 500 ms. These classical results show that the experimenter as an external observer can evaluate and classify ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... The neuronal morphology and areal and laminar distribution of both PV-ir and CB-ir neurons were qualitatively observed in cortical areas V1 and AI from each age group. For quantitative analysis, both Nissl- and adjacent antibodylabeled sections were used. Some of the Nissl-stained sections used in t ...
... The neuronal morphology and areal and laminar distribution of both PV-ir and CB-ir neurons were qualitatively observed in cortical areas V1 and AI from each age group. For quantitative analysis, both Nissl- and adjacent antibodylabeled sections were used. Some of the Nissl-stained sections used in t ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... processing beyond V1 segregates into distinct dorsal and ventral pathways that primarily process spatial and nonspatial (visual quality) information, respectively. While parallel processing is efficient, it creates a challenge for later processing stages—integrating and consolidating the different s ...
... processing beyond V1 segregates into distinct dorsal and ventral pathways that primarily process spatial and nonspatial (visual quality) information, respectively. While parallel processing is efficient, it creates a challenge for later processing stages—integrating and consolidating the different s ...
full text pdf
... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... data from a cell in cat V1 obtained by Toth et al. (1996) but presented here for the first time. Increasing the contrast of an optimally oriented grating stimulus (presented to the classical receptive field in conjunction with a neutral surround) produced typical saturating contrast response functio ...
... data from a cell in cat V1 obtained by Toth et al. (1996) but presented here for the first time. Increasing the contrast of an optimally oriented grating stimulus (presented to the classical receptive field in conjunction with a neutral surround) produced typical saturating contrast response functio ...
Understanding Embodied Cognition through Dynamical Systems
... Schürmann, 2000; Trappenberg, 2002). The example of Figures 1 to 3 illustrates then how this property of individual neurons is bootstrapped up to the macroscopic level of entire neural networks and their linkages to sensory and motor systems (see Hock, Schöner, and Giese (2003)). If a base contrib ...
... Schürmann, 2000; Trappenberg, 2002). The example of Figures 1 to 3 illustrates then how this property of individual neurons is bootstrapped up to the macroscopic level of entire neural networks and their linkages to sensory and motor systems (see Hock, Schöner, and Giese (2003)). If a base contrib ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.