the koniocellular pathway in primate vision
... 100,000 kinase-immunoreactive K neurons are most likely thalamocortical cells, whereas the equally populous M layers include some 30,000 interneurons (Montero & Zempel 1986, Hendry 1991) and only 70,000 thalamocortical cells . If we take the targets of macaque K cells to be the cytochrome oxidase–ri ...
... 100,000 kinase-immunoreactive K neurons are most likely thalamocortical cells, whereas the equally populous M layers include some 30,000 interneurons (Montero & Zempel 1986, Hendry 1991) and only 70,000 thalamocortical cells . If we take the targets of macaque K cells to be the cytochrome oxidase–ri ...
with task performance neural responses and determining their
... we begin by constructing a set of N vectors that capture the types of modulation we are interested in. Next we apply the Gram-Schmidt process to convert the set of vectors into an orthonormal basis. To describe the method, we apply this procedure to an example experimental design taken from our prev ...
... we begin by constructing a set of N vectors that capture the types of modulation we are interested in. Next we apply the Gram-Schmidt process to convert the set of vectors into an orthonormal basis. To describe the method, we apply this procedure to an example experimental design taken from our prev ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... McPeek, Robert M., and Edward L. Keller. Saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during a visual search task. J Neurophysiol 88: 2019 –2034, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00181.2002. Because realworld scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many ...
... McPeek, Robert M., and Edward L. Keller. Saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during a visual search task. J Neurophysiol 88: 2019 –2034, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00181.2002. Because realworld scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes according to their level of activity during the three different task conditions, as in the previous studies (Sakata et al. 1995; T ...
... surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes according to their level of activity during the three different task conditions, as in the previous studies (Sakata et al. 1995; T ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... from an environment that warns of the incoming aversive stimuli, because this involves the reinforcement learning process in which transition from a risky to safe environment is used as a positive prediction error. Such an error should be represented by activation rather than repression of DA neuron ...
... from an environment that warns of the incoming aversive stimuli, because this involves the reinforcement learning process in which transition from a risky to safe environment is used as a positive prediction error. Such an error should be represented by activation rather than repression of DA neuron ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... a brief increase in spike rate (0.6 spikes per touch) (Fig. 1e). The peri-stimulus time histogram ...
... a brief increase in spike rate (0.6 spikes per touch) (Fig. 1e). The peri-stimulus time histogram ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes according to their level of activity during the three different task conditions, as in the previous studies (Sakata et al. 1995; T ...
... surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes according to their level of activity during the three different task conditions, as in the previous studies (Sakata et al. 1995; T ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... filters that resemble the orientation selectivity characteristics found in the receptive fields of V1 neurons. Here we show the output response of one Gabor filter as input for the V1 spiking model. After the image onset, the sum of the V1 network’s spiking activity over time gives rise to a tempora ...
... filters that resemble the orientation selectivity characteristics found in the receptive fields of V1 neurons. Here we show the output response of one Gabor filter as input for the V1 spiking model. After the image onset, the sum of the V1 network’s spiking activity over time gives rise to a tempora ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... defines a function, or kernel. All saccade models necessarily contain a kernel, but our model differs in our assumptions about the shape of this kernel. Many previous SC models (e.g., Arai et al. 1994; Droulez and Berthoz 1991; Gancarz and Grossberg 1999; Lefèvre and Galiana 1992; Optican 1995; Sho ...
... defines a function, or kernel. All saccade models necessarily contain a kernel, but our model differs in our assumptions about the shape of this kernel. Many previous SC models (e.g., Arai et al. 1994; Droulez and Berthoz 1991; Gancarz and Grossberg 1999; Lefèvre and Galiana 1992; Optican 1995; Sho ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... defining feature of mirror neurons – their capacity to match observed with executed actions – we can refer to genetic evolution. Furthermore, while both hypotheses allow that sensory experience and motor experience may facilitate mirror neuron development, the associative account does, and the adapta ...
... defining feature of mirror neurons – their capacity to match observed with executed actions – we can refer to genetic evolution. Furthermore, while both hypotheses allow that sensory experience and motor experience may facilitate mirror neuron development, the associative account does, and the adapta ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... 10 FLA stimulating intensities were not significantly different [t(l2) = 1.42, p > 0. lo]. Nor were field sizes different for 8 neurons when maps were determined with 10 and 20 rA stimulus intensities [t(7) = 1.11, p > 0. lo]. Therefore, our use of 10 NA, as opposed to a lower or higher stimulus int ...
... 10 FLA stimulating intensities were not significantly different [t(l2) = 1.42, p > 0. lo]. Nor were field sizes different for 8 neurons when maps were determined with 10 and 20 rA stimulus intensities [t(7) = 1.11, p > 0. lo]. Therefore, our use of 10 NA, as opposed to a lower or higher stimulus int ...
Morphological and F`unctional Identifications of Catfish Retinal
... injected into the unit being tested. The objective is to identify both functionally and structurally the classes of neurons in the catfish retina. When applied to intracellular responses, the white-noiseanalysis technique has distinct advantages in that a) it allows us to gather a large amount of di ...
... injected into the unit being tested. The objective is to identify both functionally and structurally the classes of neurons in the catfish retina. When applied to intracellular responses, the white-noiseanalysis technique has distinct advantages in that a) it allows us to gather a large amount of di ...
Chapter 10 - MBFys Home Page
... People who are unable to bring distant objects into clear focus are said to be nearsighted, or myopic (Figures A and B). Myopia can be caused by the corneal surface being too curved, or by the eyeball being too long. In either case, with the lens as flat as it can be, the image of distant objects fo ...
... People who are unable to bring distant objects into clear focus are said to be nearsighted, or myopic (Figures A and B). Myopia can be caused by the corneal surface being too curved, or by the eyeball being too long. In either case, with the lens as flat as it can be, the image of distant objects fo ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across
... defines a function, or kernel. All saccade models necessarily contain a kernel, but our model differs in our assumptions about the shape of this kernel. Many previous SC models (e.g., Arai et al. 1994; Droulez and Berthoz 1991; Gancarz and Grossberg 1999; Lefèvre and Galiana 1992; Optican 1995; Sho ...
... defines a function, or kernel. All saccade models necessarily contain a kernel, but our model differs in our assumptions about the shape of this kernel. Many previous SC models (e.g., Arai et al. 1994; Droulez and Berthoz 1991; Gancarz and Grossberg 1999; Lefèvre and Galiana 1992; Optican 1995; Sho ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across Superior Colliculus May
... defines a function, or kernel. All saccade models necessarily contain a kernel, but our model differs in our assumptions about the shape of this kernel. Many previous SC models (e.g., Arai et al. 1994; Droulez and Berthoz 1991; Gancarz and Grossberg 1999; Lefèvre and Galiana 1992; Optican 1995; Sho ...
... defines a function, or kernel. All saccade models necessarily contain a kernel, but our model differs in our assumptions about the shape of this kernel. Many previous SC models (e.g., Arai et al. 1994; Droulez and Berthoz 1991; Gancarz and Grossberg 1999; Lefèvre and Galiana 1992; Optican 1995; Sho ...
Coding of relative size in monkey inferotemporal cortex
... of neurons. Multidimensional scaling analysis. To visualize similarity relations between the stimuli, we first calculated a measure of population dissimilarity for each pair of versions, which was simply the absolute difference in firing rate elicited by the two versions averaged across the relevant ...
... of neurons. Multidimensional scaling analysis. To visualize similarity relations between the stimuli, we first calculated a measure of population dissimilarity for each pair of versions, which was simply the absolute difference in firing rate elicited by the two versions averaged across the relevant ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findings have emerged. Analysis of neuronal oscillators for rhythmic behavior have delineated a profound influence of sensory fe ...
... complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findings have emerged. Analysis of neuronal oscillators for rhythmic behavior have delineated a profound influence of sensory fe ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of information about nervous system function came from analyzing the consequences of damage to specific regions of the brain. More recently, the study of ...
... and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of information about nervous system function came from analyzing the consequences of damage to specific regions of the brain. More recently, the study of ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... defining feature of mirror neurons – their capacity to match observed with executed actions – we can refer to genetic evolution. Furthermore, while both hypotheses allow that sensory experience and motor experience may facilitate mirror neuron development, the associative account does, and the adapta ...
... defining feature of mirror neurons – their capacity to match observed with executed actions – we can refer to genetic evolution. Furthermore, while both hypotheses allow that sensory experience and motor experience may facilitate mirror neuron development, the associative account does, and the adapta ...
Weber et al. - 2000
... PURPOSE. To examine the effects that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a glaucoma risk factor, has on the size, density, and number of neurons in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). METHODS. The monkey model of experimental glaucoma was combined with standard histologic staining and ana ...
... PURPOSE. To examine the effects that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a glaucoma risk factor, has on the size, density, and number of neurons in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). METHODS. The monkey model of experimental glaucoma was combined with standard histologic staining and ana ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... adaptation phenomena measured in primary visual cortex. First, using a simulation of a single synapse, we illustrate that estimating presynaptic excitability and normalizing postsynaptic responses by these estimates makes neural output more stable (Fig 2). That is, we show that using an excitability ...
... adaptation phenomena measured in primary visual cortex. First, using a simulation of a single synapse, we illustrate that estimating presynaptic excitability and normalizing postsynaptic responses by these estimates makes neural output more stable (Fig 2). That is, we show that using an excitability ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... may result from activation of distinct Gr66a-expressing neurons. Using tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found that Gr66a-expressing neurons on the legs mediate positional aversion. In contrast, pharyngeal taste-cells mediate the egg-laying attraction to lobeline, as determined by analysis of m ...
... may result from activation of distinct Gr66a-expressing neurons. Using tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found that Gr66a-expressing neurons on the legs mediate positional aversion. In contrast, pharyngeal taste-cells mediate the egg-laying attraction to lobeline, as determined by analysis of m ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... Why is early vestibular processing in mice characterized by lower pathway modulation than in monkeys? The general decrease in modulation could potentially indicate sensory processing has adapted to ...
... Why is early vestibular processing in mice characterized by lower pathway modulation than in monkeys? The general decrease in modulation could potentially indicate sensory processing has adapted to ...
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... Previous work has shown that prediction-error signaling is largely restricted to reward-responsive dopamine neurons15 (see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 for analysis of other populations). As expected, activity in these neurons in sham-lesioned rats increased in response to unexpected reward and decre ...
... Previous work has shown that prediction-error signaling is largely restricted to reward-responsive dopamine neurons15 (see Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 for analysis of other populations). As expected, activity in these neurons in sham-lesioned rats increased in response to unexpected reward and decre ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.