What can mice tell us about how vision works?
... mouse consortiums and well-organized online catalogs currently enable any lab in the world to use molecular genetics to address important questions about brain circuitry and function. A second reason is that the smaller overall size of the mouse nervous system can be used to gather data over a large ...
... mouse consortiums and well-organized online catalogs currently enable any lab in the world to use molecular genetics to address important questions about brain circuitry and function. A second reason is that the smaller overall size of the mouse nervous system can be used to gather data over a large ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... were contained in bursts than were found with stimuli at nonoptimal orientations. Debusk et al. (1997) confirmed and extended these results. The reduction of spikes in bursts with nonoptimal stimuli arises from a decrease in average burst length, even after correction for dependence on firing rate. ...
... were contained in bursts than were found with stimuli at nonoptimal orientations. Debusk et al. (1997) confirmed and extended these results. The reduction of spikes in bursts with nonoptimal stimuli arises from a decrease in average burst length, even after correction for dependence on firing rate. ...
Decoding Complete Reach and Grasp Actions from Local Primary
... populations control highly flexible coordinated limb movements not only has important implications for understanding volitional movement control but also for the design of neuroprosthetic devices that attempt to reproduce reach and grasp actions from neural activity. The goal of this study was to de ...
... populations control highly flexible coordinated limb movements not only has important implications for understanding volitional movement control but also for the design of neuroprosthetic devices that attempt to reproduce reach and grasp actions from neural activity. The goal of this study was to de ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... significance, others were conditional, in that they would only respond if a particular stimulus was present, and if it was the one being currently rewarded. Other neurons had activity related to the outcome of the animal's response, with some indicating that reinforcement had been received and other ...
... significance, others were conditional, in that they would only respond if a particular stimulus was present, and if it was the one being currently rewarded. Other neurons had activity related to the outcome of the animal's response, with some indicating that reinforcement had been received and other ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... Simoes et al. 2010). Microstimulation of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex area 44 in rhesus monkeys, for example, results in orofacial movements (Petrides et al. 2005). Resolving this long-standing debate requires more direct evidence of frontal cortex neuronal response properties during natural voca ...
... Simoes et al. 2010). Microstimulation of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex area 44 in rhesus monkeys, for example, results in orofacial movements (Petrides et al. 2005). Resolving this long-standing debate requires more direct evidence of frontal cortex neuronal response properties during natural voca ...
disparity detection from stereo
... correspondence problem have been explored using area-based, feature-based, pixel-based, and phase-based as well as Bayesian approaches [8]. While those approaches have obtained limited success in special problems, it is becoming increasingly clear that they are not robust against wide variations in ...
... correspondence problem have been explored using area-based, feature-based, pixel-based, and phase-based as well as Bayesian approaches [8]. While those approaches have obtained limited success in special problems, it is becoming increasingly clear that they are not robust against wide variations in ...
Models of Information Processing in the Visual Cortex
... biologically accurate. We do so, because science is yet to provide a full understanding of the brain, thus it is not possible to propose accurate overall models of data. The chapter rather gives an overview of different kinds of models of vision present in the literature, whether they are biological ...
... biologically accurate. We do so, because science is yet to provide a full understanding of the brain, thus it is not possible to propose accurate overall models of data. The chapter rather gives an overview of different kinds of models of vision present in the literature, whether they are biological ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... movements, whereas the steady-state optokinetic response is unaffected (May et al., 1988; Thier et al., 1991). In addition, Kawano and coworkers described DLPN neurons that fire before eye movements and whose response properties show a similar stimulus dependence as ocular following, thus implicatin ...
... movements, whereas the steady-state optokinetic response is unaffected (May et al., 1988; Thier et al., 1991). In addition, Kawano and coworkers described DLPN neurons that fire before eye movements and whose response properties show a similar stimulus dependence as ocular following, thus implicatin ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... rats can identify tastants in !200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, con ...
... rats can identify tastants in !200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, con ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... rats can identify tastants in ⬃200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, con ...
... rats can identify tastants in ⬃200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, con ...
Likelihood approaches to sensory coding in auditory cortex
... There is no true solution of the receptive field function for a particular neuron, given a finite input set consisting of measured response latencies together with their corresponding soundsource directions and intensity levels. A bootstrap of the receptive field function was used to investigate the ...
... There is no true solution of the receptive field function for a particular neuron, given a finite input set consisting of measured response latencies together with their corresponding soundsource directions and intensity levels. A bootstrap of the receptive field function was used to investigate the ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... the primary visual cortex, two stages of neural processing after stimulus onset can be discerned. One dominated by the early (<100 msec) response transient, another occurring at relatively longer latencies (> 100 msec). The early stage is associated with feedforward processing and early feature extr ...
... the primary visual cortex, two stages of neural processing after stimulus onset can be discerned. One dominated by the early (<100 msec) response transient, another occurring at relatively longer latencies (> 100 msec). The early stage is associated with feedforward processing and early feature extr ...
Mental Processes -- How the Mind Arises from the Brain Roger Ellman
... and interpreting the logical construct of verbal statements. Although it was developed well before even the notion of digital computers had occurred or could have occurred, Boolean logic is the underlying principle on which digital computers operate. The letters A, B, etc., are called variables mean ...
... and interpreting the logical construct of verbal statements. Although it was developed well before even the notion of digital computers had occurred or could have occurred, Boolean logic is the underlying principle on which digital computers operate. The letters A, B, etc., are called variables mean ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... Fifty years of research have yielded powerful models for the responses of neurons in the mammalian early visual system. According to these models, neurons process the intensity values in visual images by performing simple arithmetic operations. Initial models proposed that these operations are weigh ...
... Fifty years of research have yielded powerful models for the responses of neurons in the mammalian early visual system. According to these models, neurons process the intensity values in visual images by performing simple arithmetic operations. Initial models proposed that these operations are weigh ...
Mirror Proposal 8-01 - USC - University of Southern California
... monkey action recognition and will be linked to the work of the Rizzolatti group. Throughout the research, empirical predictions and tests will accompany our modeling. In many cases, new experiments will support our modeling; in other cases, the data will lead us to revise the models, leading on to ...
... monkey action recognition and will be linked to the work of the Rizzolatti group. Throughout the research, empirical predictions and tests will accompany our modeling. In many cases, new experiments will support our modeling; in other cases, the data will lead us to revise the models, leading on to ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... superficial tissue layer is greater than that of the deep tissue layer. In considering the distribution and number of motor and sensory neurons associated with the deep and superficial tissue layers, it is clear that there are quantitative differences between the motor and sensory innervation of the ...
... superficial tissue layer is greater than that of the deep tissue layer. In considering the distribution and number of motor and sensory neurons associated with the deep and superficial tissue layers, it is clear that there are quantitative differences between the motor and sensory innervation of the ...
Identified Serotonergic Neurons LCBI and RCBI in the Cerebral
... in the isolated nervous system. The cellular basis of this prolonged increase in firing rate has not yet been investigated. Stimulation of CBI produces facilitation of EPSPs from LE cells to follower cells We next addressed the question of whether stimulating the CBl cells in a manner similar to the ...
... in the isolated nervous system. The cellular basis of this prolonged increase in firing rate has not yet been investigated. Stimulation of CBI produces facilitation of EPSPs from LE cells to follower cells We next addressed the question of whether stimulating the CBl cells in a manner similar to the ...
PDF file
... correspondence problem have been explored using area-based, feature-based, pixel-based, and phase-based as well as Bayesian approaches [8]. While those approaches have obtained limited success in special problems, it is becoming increasingly clear that they are not robust against wide variations in ...
... correspondence problem have been explored using area-based, feature-based, pixel-based, and phase-based as well as Bayesian approaches [8]. While those approaches have obtained limited success in special problems, it is becoming increasingly clear that they are not robust against wide variations in ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China ...
... Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged glutamate to map functional connections between a neuron and its presynap tic inputs in vitro4,5. This tech ...
... The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged glutamate to map functional connections between a neuron and its presynap tic inputs in vitro4,5. This tech ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... figures, which do not provide depth cues, and stereoedge selectivity was determined with RDS, which define depth but are devoid of contrast-defined form. In experiment 2, depth and Gestalt cues were combined, and synergistic and antagonistic combinations were tested to see how the cues interact. Add ...
... figures, which do not provide depth cues, and stereoedge selectivity was determined with RDS, which define depth but are devoid of contrast-defined form. In experiment 2, depth and Gestalt cues were combined, and synergistic and antagonistic combinations were tested to see how the cues interact. Add ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... the functioning of individual neurons. Here we will discuss a method for recording in behaving animals that uses chronically implanted micro-electrodes that allow one to track neural responses over a long period of time. In a majority of cases, multiunit activity, which is the aggregate spiking acti ...
... the functioning of individual neurons. Here we will discuss a method for recording in behaving animals that uses chronically implanted micro-electrodes that allow one to track neural responses over a long period of time. In a majority of cases, multiunit activity, which is the aggregate spiking acti ...
the functional properties of the light
... A number of studies have been made of the homotypical cortex of the inferior parietal lobule in waking monkeys. The animals used in these experiments were in most cases trained to emit stereotyped behavioral acts surmised on other grounds to be controlled or influenced by neural systems of which thi ...
... A number of studies have been made of the homotypical cortex of the inferior parietal lobule in waking monkeys. The animals used in these experiments were in most cases trained to emit stereotyped behavioral acts surmised on other grounds to be controlled or influenced by neural systems of which thi ...
DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... of neurons must be interpreted collectively. The second step is described in 2) below. The spike train produced by a single neuron can be extremely complex, reflecting in part the complexity of the underlying neuronal dynamics, problem ii). A method for analyzing neuronal spike trains based on a li ...
... of neurons must be interpreted collectively. The second step is described in 2) below. The spike train produced by a single neuron can be extremely complex, reflecting in part the complexity of the underlying neuronal dynamics, problem ii). A method for analyzing neuronal spike trains based on a li ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.