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... much as 0.17 ml of water—striking given that this information only preceded the reward by about 2 s! The report goes on to show that, as would be expected of a true information prediction error signal, uninformative cues (for instance, XY) cause habenula neurons to fire only if this lack of informat ...
... much as 0.17 ml of water—striking given that this information only preceded the reward by about 2 s! The report goes on to show that, as would be expected of a true information prediction error signal, uninformative cues (for instance, XY) cause habenula neurons to fire only if this lack of informat ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... The nature of this six-layer computation remains unclear. The classic picture [e.g. 19,20] is that feedforward input to a given area, which either comes from thalamus or from ‘lower’ cortical areas, comes dominantly into layer 4 (L4); L4 projects strongly to layers 2/3 (L2/3); L2/3 provides feedforw ...
... The nature of this six-layer computation remains unclear. The classic picture [e.g. 19,20] is that feedforward input to a given area, which either comes from thalamus or from ‘lower’ cortical areas, comes dominantly into layer 4 (L4); L4 projects strongly to layers 2/3 (L2/3); L2/3 provides feedforw ...
supplemental figures
... with sustained attention. (a) Trend of normalized fano factor in correct trials of all recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time windows (see Fig. 3 for definitions of time windows) (one-way ANOVA: BA, DA, and AA: F ...
... with sustained attention. (a) Trend of normalized fano factor in correct trials of all recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time windows (see Fig. 3 for definitions of time windows) (one-way ANOVA: BA, DA, and AA: F ...
1. Materials and Methods
... sound of the action were presented together (V+S) did not differ from those obtained during the separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fell in this category. Neuron 2 (Figure 2) illustrates this behaviour. For such neurons, any evidence ...
... sound of the action were presented together (V+S) did not differ from those obtained during the separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fell in this category. Neuron 2 (Figure 2) illustrates this behaviour. For such neurons, any evidence ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar propagating waves along what we define as a beta wave axis, a rostro–caudal axis in monkeys13 and a medio–lateral axis in humans14 at a range of propagating speeds that were consistent across subjects. However, as both LFPs and VSD measure aggregate potent ...
... exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar propagating waves along what we define as a beta wave axis, a rostro–caudal axis in monkeys13 and a medio–lateral axis in humans14 at a range of propagating speeds that were consistent across subjects. However, as both LFPs and VSD measure aggregate potent ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... would not give precise information about the intrinsic components of the observed action which are critical for understanding what the action is about, what is its goal, and how to reproduce it”. This implies that perception of actions without motor involvement is in some sense incomplete. Others ha ...
... would not give precise information about the intrinsic components of the observed action which are critical for understanding what the action is about, what is its goal, and how to reproduce it”. This implies that perception of actions without motor involvement is in some sense incomplete. Others ha ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... narrow spiking PV neurons (Figs. 4D). Furthermore, the spike waveforms triggered by light stimulation were indistinguishable from those triggered by acoustic stimulation (data not shown), indicating that triggering spikes with ChR2 was not perturbing waveform shape. These results show that LED-evoke ...
... narrow spiking PV neurons (Figs. 4D). Furthermore, the spike waveforms triggered by light stimulation were indistinguishable from those triggered by acoustic stimulation (data not shown), indicating that triggering spikes with ChR2 was not perturbing waveform shape. These results show that LED-evoke ...
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing
... cognition [21–25] and conscious perception [26–29]. This has led to the suggestion that the cortex operates via an interaction between feed-forward and feedback information [30–32]. In this scenario, feedback provides context or predictive information for modulating neural activity in a given area [ ...
... cognition [21–25] and conscious perception [26–29]. This has led to the suggestion that the cortex operates via an interaction between feed-forward and feedback information [30–32]. In this scenario, feedback provides context or predictive information for modulating neural activity in a given area [ ...
Asynchronous state
... asymptotically, the population averaged firing rate of each population is proportional to the population averaged rate of the external neurons ...
... asymptotically, the population averaged firing rate of each population is proportional to the population averaged rate of the external neurons ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-surround RF can only accommodate short-range interactions; for long-range interactions, more powerful mechanisms are needed. Accordingly, the hitherto es ...
... short- and long-range neural connections among neurons responding to different regions within the retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-surround RF can only accommodate short-range interactions; for long-range interactions, more powerful mechanisms are needed. Accordingly, the hitherto es ...
Mirror neurons in monkey area F5 do not adapt to the observation of
... results in a decrease of the responses of single neurons in a variety of areas in monkey visual cortex. They include area V1 (ref. 1), extrastriate visual areas1–4, as well as areas in the inferior5–15 and the medial temporal lobe16–18. This response decrease has been varyingly called ‘adaptation’18 ...
... results in a decrease of the responses of single neurons in a variety of areas in monkey visual cortex. They include area V1 (ref. 1), extrastriate visual areas1–4, as well as areas in the inferior5–15 and the medial temporal lobe16–18. This response decrease has been varyingly called ‘adaptation’18 ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... sensory-coupled cue cell, the discharge of which tends to diminish during the delay period of WM tasks. The other is the preparatory-set cell; its discharge tends to increase as the time for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two comp ...
... sensory-coupled cue cell, the discharge of which tends to diminish during the delay period of WM tasks. The other is the preparatory-set cell; its discharge tends to increase as the time for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two comp ...
Marginal chimera state at cross-frequency locking of pulse
... Studies of the dynamics of globally coupled populations of oscillators, pioneered more than 40 years ago by Winfree and Kuramoto [1], are the focus of current research due to numerous applications in diverse fields from physics to neuroscience, but also due to striking effects such as synchronizatio ...
... Studies of the dynamics of globally coupled populations of oscillators, pioneered more than 40 years ago by Winfree and Kuramoto [1], are the focus of current research due to numerous applications in diverse fields from physics to neuroscience, but also due to striking effects such as synchronizatio ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... In a related finding, Treisman (Treisman 1960) presented subjects with two coherent sentences, one in each ear, and subjects were instructed to shadow the input from one of the channels. When the flow of the prose from the shadowed channel changed to the other ear, subjects would often continue to s ...
... In a related finding, Treisman (Treisman 1960) presented subjects with two coherent sentences, one in each ear, and subjects were instructed to shadow the input from one of the channels. When the flow of the prose from the shadowed channel changed to the other ear, subjects would often continue to s ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... such that all simple cells within a given hypercolumn code for lines at the same retinal location (albeit varying in orientation preference), with adjacent hypercolumns coding for adjacent retinal locations. In this way, V1 codes for a range of line orientations in a range of retinal locations. Most ...
... such that all simple cells within a given hypercolumn code for lines at the same retinal location (albeit varying in orientation preference), with adjacent hypercolumns coding for adjacent retinal locations. In this way, V1 codes for a range of line orientations in a range of retinal locations. Most ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... mechanisms in the early visual system. These circuits are thought to generate feature selectivity in part by repeatedly filtering and pooling feedforward inputs. For example, a V1 neuron could develop orientation tuning by selectively pooling the outputs of several circular LGN receptive fields (Hubel ...
... mechanisms in the early visual system. These circuits are thought to generate feature selectivity in part by repeatedly filtering and pooling feedforward inputs. For example, a V1 neuron could develop orientation tuning by selectively pooling the outputs of several circular LGN receptive fields (Hubel ...
Crapse (2008) Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom
... and for the general analysis of sensory processing that takes place close to the motor output. However, it has become apparent that the decussation from motor to sensory areas might occur at any number of levels of motor control, some of which are remote from the final effector stage (FIG. 1b). In s ...
... and for the general analysis of sensory processing that takes place close to the motor output. However, it has become apparent that the decussation from motor to sensory areas might occur at any number of levels of motor control, some of which are remote from the final effector stage (FIG. 1b). In s ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... lation. There is, however, another way to accelerate the central limit effect, and this is to have a noise component that is negatively-correlated. It can be seen in figure 1 that negatively-correlated noise cancels out much more quickly and effectively than independent noise, because corresponding ...
... lation. There is, however, another way to accelerate the central limit effect, and this is to have a noise component that is negatively-correlated. It can be seen in figure 1 that negatively-correlated noise cancels out much more quickly and effectively than independent noise, because corresponding ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... deg 3 11.5 deg at a viewing distance of 114 cm, had a mean luminance of approximately 50 cd0m 2, and a frame rate of 120 Hz. The display nonlinearity was corrected using a lookup table. Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polar ...
... deg 3 11.5 deg at a viewing distance of 114 cm, had a mean luminance of approximately 50 cd0m 2, and a frame rate of 120 Hz. The display nonlinearity was corrected using a lookup table. Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polar ...
Encoding of Rules by Neurons in the Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal
... activity. Classification of action potentials was performed using template matching and principal component analysis. Putative neurons were required to separate clearly from any channel noise, to demonstrate waveform morphology consistent with that of a cortical neuron, and to have at least 99% of sp ...
... activity. Classification of action potentials was performed using template matching and principal component analysis. Putative neurons were required to separate clearly from any channel noise, to demonstrate waveform morphology consistent with that of a cortical neuron, and to have at least 99% of sp ...
From view cells and place cells to cognitive map learning
... like jumping in the direction of the object or avoiding it. It is thus possible to conclude that there are in rodents ± like in monkeys ± two distinct visual processing routes: one for spatial guidance and one for the kind of visual analysis required for object recognition (Mishkin et al. 1983; Kolb ...
... like jumping in the direction of the object or avoiding it. It is thus possible to conclude that there are in rodents ± like in monkeys ± two distinct visual processing routes: one for spatial guidance and one for the kind of visual analysis required for object recognition (Mishkin et al. 1983; Kolb ...
Heterogeneity of GABAergic Cells in Cat Visual Cortex
... step of the staining procedure. This elution has to be complete, selective, and mav not elute or denature the antigen to be localized in the subsequent-staining sequence. Completeness of the elution can be checked by performing the first staining sequence, omitting the DAB reaction, following this b ...
... step of the staining procedure. This elution has to be complete, selective, and mav not elute or denature the antigen to be localized in the subsequent-staining sequence. Completeness of the elution can be checked by performing the first staining sequence, omitting the DAB reaction, following this b ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... Figure 2. Graphical representation of the computational interactions between expectation and error units: the interactions depicted here are based on the differential equations describing the neuronal dynamics implied by generalised predictive coding (e.g., Equation 3 in [30]). Note the hierarchical ...
... Figure 2. Graphical representation of the computational interactions between expectation and error units: the interactions depicted here are based on the differential equations describing the neuronal dynamics implied by generalised predictive coding (e.g., Equation 3 in [30]). Note the hierarchical ...
Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision
... normalization, a prominent form of nonlinear gain control widely observed in early sensory systems [49] and recently characterized in higher order processes such as attention, multisensory integration, and decision-making ...
... normalization, a prominent form of nonlinear gain control widely observed in early sensory systems [49] and recently characterized in higher order processes such as attention, multisensory integration, and decision-making ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.