Selectivity and Tolerance - Center for Neural Science
... To guard against nonstationary effects (e.g., familiarity with the images), recordings in each animal were alternated between V4 and IT. Specifically, recordings were made in one visual area (V4 or IT) for 1–5 weeks, and then recordings were made in the other area; this alternating process was repea ...
... To guard against nonstationary effects (e.g., familiarity with the images), recordings in each animal were alternated between V4 and IT. Specifically, recordings were made in one visual area (V4 or IT) for 1–5 weeks, and then recordings were made in the other area; this alternating process was repea ...
Role of the Preoptic-Anterior Hypothalamus in
... temperature. Moreover, a greater variety of thermoregulatory responses can be evoked. Thus, the nervous system can select the behavioral or physiological response most appropriate and most efficient for a particular thermal stress [11–13]. The strongest evidence of the importance of the preoptic reg ...
... temperature. Moreover, a greater variety of thermoregulatory responses can be evoked. Thus, the nervous system can select the behavioral or physiological response most appropriate and most efficient for a particular thermal stress [11–13]. The strongest evidence of the importance of the preoptic reg ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... regardless of SSN membership. This architecture is known to exist in rodent visual cortex37, 39, 46, 55, 56 , but has not been examined experimentally or computationally in columnar visual cortex. In this paper we refer to this form of specificity as SSN-specific connectivity. SSN-specificity in our ...
... regardless of SSN membership. This architecture is known to exist in rodent visual cortex37, 39, 46, 55, 56 , but has not been examined experimentally or computationally in columnar visual cortex. In this paper we refer to this form of specificity as SSN-specific connectivity. SSN-specificity in our ...
TOWARDS AN "EARLY NEURAL CIRCUIT SIMULATOR": A FPGA
... Each of the roughly 30 whiskers on the rat's face has associated with it between 1500 and 2000 ganglion neurons, If our dynamical state hypothesis is correct [6], these neurons must cover (in a pair-wise manner) the full state space of [θ, dθ/dt, M, dM/dt]. This is equivalent to approximately 50,000 ...
... Each of the roughly 30 whiskers on the rat's face has associated with it between 1500 and 2000 ganglion neurons, If our dynamical state hypothesis is correct [6], these neurons must cover (in a pair-wise manner) the full state space of [θ, dθ/dt, M, dM/dt]. This is equivalent to approximately 50,000 ...
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical
... dashed lines. All other cell types have been omitted, as has the intra-regional connectivity. The cortical sheet is shown divided into two regions at different levels in an information processing hierarchy. Axon projections connecting these two regions are illustrated. ...
... dashed lines. All other cell types have been omitted, as has the intra-regional connectivity. The cortical sheet is shown divided into two regions at different levels in an information processing hierarchy. Axon projections connecting these two regions are illustrated. ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... belong to one object and to segregate them from other objects and the background. This review provides a conceptual framework of how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and inc ...
... belong to one object and to segregate them from other objects and the background. This review provides a conceptual framework of how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and inc ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... The restriction of wu; v to non-negative values (in combination with positive or negative response functions u; v (t − s)) is motivated by the assumption that a biological synapse is either “excitatory” or “inhibitory”, and that it does not change its “sign” in the course of a “learning-process”. I ...
... The restriction of wu; v to non-negative values (in combination with positive or negative response functions u; v (t − s)) is motivated by the assumption that a biological synapse is either “excitatory” or “inhibitory”, and that it does not change its “sign” in the course of a “learning-process”. I ...
Deciphering a neural code for vision
... properties of the eccentric cell and integrated with lateral and self-inhibitory potentials to form the generator potential (23). The lateral inhibitory inputs to an eccentric cell were computed by using a dynamic version of the original Hartline–Ratliff formulation (7, 24) with inhibitory strength ...
... properties of the eccentric cell and integrated with lateral and self-inhibitory potentials to form the generator potential (23). The lateral inhibitory inputs to an eccentric cell were computed by using a dynamic version of the original Hartline–Ratliff formulation (7, 24) with inhibitory strength ...
Olfactory Coding in the Honeybee Lateral Horn
... well-described staining of their dendrites within AL glomeruli (Figure 1A1), a homogeneous staining composed of numerous fine axon terminals throughout the LH (Figure 1A2). We found that clear odor-evoked activity could be measured at this location (Figure 1B). Bees were presented with ten different ...
... well-described staining of their dendrites within AL glomeruli (Figure 1A1), a homogeneous staining composed of numerous fine axon terminals throughout the LH (Figure 1A2). We found that clear odor-evoked activity could be measured at this location (Figure 1B). Bees were presented with ten different ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... increased excitability of phasic neuron contributed to cystitis-induced pain and hyperactivity of the urinary bladder (Yoshimura and de Groat 1999, Sculptoreanu and de Groat 2007). In contrast, Dong et al. (2008) found that intestinal inflammation induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonate selectively inc ...
... increased excitability of phasic neuron contributed to cystitis-induced pain and hyperactivity of the urinary bladder (Yoshimura and de Groat 1999, Sculptoreanu and de Groat 2007). In contrast, Dong et al. (2008) found that intestinal inflammation induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonate selectively inc ...
Insights into decision making using choice probability
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
The role of early visual cortex in visual integration: a neural model of
... the number of distractors. This suggests a parallel and ‘preattentive’ mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them inc ...
... the number of distractors. This suggests a parallel and ‘preattentive’ mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them inc ...
PPT - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Code – an instruction or rule with which a signal that contains info is transformed into another signal that can serve as a message or command which is transmitted to a receiver or target system. Neuronal code can only be deciphered if, in addition to the transmitted neuronal activity patterns that ...
... Code – an instruction or rule with which a signal that contains info is transformed into another signal that can serve as a message or command which is transmitted to a receiver or target system. Neuronal code can only be deciphered if, in addition to the transmitted neuronal activity patterns that ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... When forming a decision based on sensory information, where and how in the brain do the neuronal responses that encode the sensory stimuli translate into responses that encode the decision? We investigated this question using a vibrotactile sequential discrimination task (Fig. 1). In this two-altern ...
... When forming a decision based on sensory information, where and how in the brain do the neuronal responses that encode the sensory stimuli translate into responses that encode the decision? We investigated this question using a vibrotactile sequential discrimination task (Fig. 1). In this two-altern ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... all responses are short-latency (<100 ms). The SCi projects to the brainstem and spinal cord premotor circuitry for controlling eyes, head, and limb or body movements [14,19,25]. The eye movement system is controlled by a gate in the brainstem reticular formation created by the omni-pause neurons (O ...
... all responses are short-latency (<100 ms). The SCi projects to the brainstem and spinal cord premotor circuitry for controlling eyes, head, and limb or body movements [14,19,25]. The eye movement system is controlled by a gate in the brainstem reticular formation created by the omni-pause neurons (O ...
The Number of Cortical Neurons Used to See
... the stimulus is travelling in (Hubel et. al. 1962). Complex cells are the nonlinear combinations of two receptive field subunits, and thus take two samples from the image (Spitzer and Hochstein 1985). Despite a great deal of study of V1, there is no good account for how people use those neurons to s ...
... the stimulus is travelling in (Hubel et. al. 1962). Complex cells are the nonlinear combinations of two receptive field subunits, and thus take two samples from the image (Spitzer and Hochstein 1985). Despite a great deal of study of V1, there is no good account for how people use those neurons to s ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... known stereotaxic coordinates. During each recording, up to 4 tungsten microelectrodes (0.5–1 MΩ; Alpha Omega Engineering; Nazareth, Israel) were lowered in parallel until units drivable by manual whisker stimulations were encountered at the appropriate stereotaxic depth. Standard methods for single ...
... known stereotaxic coordinates. During each recording, up to 4 tungsten microelectrodes (0.5–1 MΩ; Alpha Omega Engineering; Nazareth, Israel) were lowered in parallel until units drivable by manual whisker stimulations were encountered at the appropriate stereotaxic depth. Standard methods for single ...
Information transmission and recovery in neural communications
... generally, burst firing is an efficient and reliable way to propagate impulses in neural networks with low connection strengths. Further, in some situations the details of the spiking within a burst can also be relevant. Different codes yield different numerical values for our information measures, ...
... generally, burst firing is an efficient and reliable way to propagate impulses in neural networks with low connection strengths. Further, in some situations the details of the spiking within a burst can also be relevant. Different codes yield different numerical values for our information measures, ...
Neural Coding 2016
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
... bridging disciplines and introducing theoretical ideas and methods to neuroscience research. This concept of combining theoretical and experimental approaches has proven highly successful and nowadays plays a pivotal role in the modern neurosciences. Research in neural coding covers neural represent ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... Information transmission in sensor y neurons. From the perspective of information theory, an axon is a biological communication channel. Consider an observer who is monitoring the axon of a sensory neuron with known filtering properties. Before the neuron responds, the observer is uncertain about th ...
... Information transmission in sensor y neurons. From the perspective of information theory, an axon is a biological communication channel. Consider an observer who is monitoring the axon of a sensory neuron with known filtering properties. Before the neuron responds, the observer is uncertain about th ...
Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... chance. If an MTL neuron fires to more than one stimulus (as it is often the case), then we may not be able to distinguish among these stimuli, but the neuron nevertheless gives us information about the stimulus being present (namely, that it is one of a few possible stimuli). The findings that pred ...
... chance. If an MTL neuron fires to more than one stimulus (as it is often the case), then we may not be able to distinguish among these stimuli, but the neuron nevertheless gives us information about the stimulus being present (namely, that it is one of a few possible stimuli). The findings that pred ...
Visual Receptive Field Properties of Neurons in the Superficial
... Introduction Mice have gradually become a model system in vision research. This is mainly attributable to two reasons. First, advances in mouse genetics have made it possible to identify subtypes of neurons within a given brain structure, to trace synaptic connectivity, and to manipulate gene expres ...
... Introduction Mice have gradually become a model system in vision research. This is mainly attributable to two reasons. First, advances in mouse genetics have made it possible to identify subtypes of neurons within a given brain structure, to trace synaptic connectivity, and to manipulate gene expres ...
Theme 4: Rhythmical movements (6 p)
... a) Monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, noradrenalin and serotonin have been associated to various neuropsychiatric diseases. For example, it has been shown that depression can be treated with drugs that increase the levels of serotonin or noradrenaline in the synaptic cleft. Describe two ...
... a) Monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, noradrenalin and serotonin have been associated to various neuropsychiatric diseases. For example, it has been shown that depression can be treated with drugs that increase the levels of serotonin or noradrenaline in the synaptic cleft. Describe two ...
Control of movement direction - Cognitive Science Research Group
... In the introduction to this chapter, it was mentioned that a long–standing controversy in biological motor control is the question about whether muscle dynamics or movement kinematics are represented in the motor cortex (Kalaska et al., 1992; Johnson et al., 2001; Flash and Sejnowski, 2001). The deb ...
... In the introduction to this chapter, it was mentioned that a long–standing controversy in biological motor control is the question about whether muscle dynamics or movement kinematics are represented in the motor cortex (Kalaska et al., 1992; Johnson et al., 2001; Flash and Sejnowski, 2001). The deb ...
Mechanisms to synchronize neuronal activity
... experimental studies concentrated on the detailed properties of neuronal receptive ®elds. The temporal structure of neuronal activity was not considered to be relevant and, therefore, the study of the dynamics of neuronal interactions was largely neglected. In this context the idea was put forward t ...
... experimental studies concentrated on the detailed properties of neuronal receptive ®elds. The temporal structure of neuronal activity was not considered to be relevant and, therefore, the study of the dynamics of neuronal interactions was largely neglected. In this context the idea was put forward t ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.