[ 181 Dynamic Imaging of Neuronal Cytoskeleton
... For mice and rats, late embryonic stages (El8) work well. At earlier stages of development cortical neurons have fewer processes. Because dissociation shears off axons and dendrites, cultures prepared from cortex before neurons have extended processes have less cellular debris. Another advantage to ...
... For mice and rats, late embryonic stages (El8) work well. At earlier stages of development cortical neurons have fewer processes. Because dissociation shears off axons and dendrites, cultures prepared from cortex before neurons have extended processes have less cellular debris. Another advantage to ...
Physiologically-Inspired Model for the Visual Tuning Properties of
... of three-dimensional structure, in particular from monocular image sequences, is a difficult computational problem. A large body of results on the recognition of static shapes suggests that the visual system might not reconstruct the full 3D structure of recognized objects. Instead, it seems to base ...
... of three-dimensional structure, in particular from monocular image sequences, is a difficult computational problem. A large body of results on the recognition of static shapes suggests that the visual system might not reconstruct the full 3D structure of recognized objects. Instead, it seems to base ...
Which Model to Use for the Liquid State Machine?
... as a sequence of external disturbances (“inputs”) like sounds, stones dropped into the liquid or wind [3]. If the liquid is treated as an attractor neural network, it has only one possible attractor - its resting state. Nevertheless, perturbed states of the liquid, represent both present as well as ...
... as a sequence of external disturbances (“inputs”) like sounds, stones dropped into the liquid or wind [3]. If the liquid is treated as an attractor neural network, it has only one possible attractor - its resting state. Nevertheless, perturbed states of the liquid, represent both present as well as ...
A Stereoscopic Look at Visual Cortex
... course, where. This question has been the subject of intense research over the past 10 yr, and very recent results appear to provide a preliminary, unexpected answer. Some neurons in the cortical area immediately after V1 in the visual system, area V2, show selectivity for relative disparity (Thomas ...
... course, where. This question has been the subject of intense research over the past 10 yr, and very recent results appear to provide a preliminary, unexpected answer. Some neurons in the cortical area immediately after V1 in the visual system, area V2, show selectivity for relative disparity (Thomas ...
Dissecting appetite
... chewing and swallowing, but obsessive searching and other complex behaviours to get food.” Controlling feeding behaviour is like using the accelerator in a car, explains Sternson. The more AgRP neurons are excited, the stronger the desire to eat. That probably suggests that as we get hungry, more nu ...
... chewing and swallowing, but obsessive searching and other complex behaviours to get food.” Controlling feeding behaviour is like using the accelerator in a car, explains Sternson. The more AgRP neurons are excited, the stronger the desire to eat. That probably suggests that as we get hungry, more nu ...
different sensory modalities
... extension of the superficial ones – somatosensory neurons in the deeper layers have large receptive fields and are organized in maps which show a regular relationship with visual maps: the front of the animal is represented rostral while the hindparts are caudal, the upper surface is represented med ...
... extension of the superficial ones – somatosensory neurons in the deeper layers have large receptive fields and are organized in maps which show a regular relationship with visual maps: the front of the animal is represented rostral while the hindparts are caudal, the upper surface is represented med ...
input output - Brian Nils Lundstrom
... observations have shown that the firing rate responses of some neurons are very sensitive to input fluctuations, while responses of others are not [18, 21]. Interestingly, we found that commonly used neuron models (single-compartment, biophysical models) do not replicate this diversity with their st ...
... observations have shown that the firing rate responses of some neurons are very sensitive to input fluctuations, while responses of others are not [18, 21]. Interestingly, we found that commonly used neuron models (single-compartment, biophysical models) do not replicate this diversity with their st ...
Olfactory tubercle neurons exhibit slowphasic firing patterns during
... both the structures have been implicated in the rewarding properties of drugs, the OT has not been as thoroughly investigated with regard to reward processing. Anatomical and cellular studies have revealed that both the NAcc and OT share continuous stretches of medium spiny neurons. Moreover, projec ...
... both the structures have been implicated in the rewarding properties of drugs, the OT has not been as thoroughly investigated with regard to reward processing. Anatomical and cellular studies have revealed that both the NAcc and OT share continuous stretches of medium spiny neurons. Moreover, projec ...
Serre-Poggio_ACM_R2_finalSubmission
... and honed by natural evolution. The past fifty years of experimental work in visual neuroscience has generated a large and rapidly increasing amount of data. Today’s quantitative models bridge several levels of understanding from biophysics to physiology and behavior. Some of these models already co ...
... and honed by natural evolution. The past fifty years of experimental work in visual neuroscience has generated a large and rapidly increasing amount of data. Today’s quantitative models bridge several levels of understanding from biophysics to physiology and behavior. Some of these models already co ...
Gaze direction controls response gain in primary visual
... animals, were performed according to the Public Health Service policy on the use of laboratory animals. Two monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were placed in complete darkness, with their head ®xed, and trained to ®xate on a small bright target (12 min of arc) on a video screen. Eye position was monitored usi ...
... animals, were performed according to the Public Health Service policy on the use of laboratory animals. Two monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were placed in complete darkness, with their head ®xed, and trained to ®xate on a small bright target (12 min of arc) on a video screen. Eye position was monitored usi ...
Blind Separation of Spatio-temporal Data Sources
... turn, is quantized for further computation. It is interesting to observe that such a random network that is not endowed with any spatial localization structure, exhibits functional localization such as depicted in Fig. 5. We do not have prior knowledge of the number of sources, therefore we need to ...
... turn, is quantized for further computation. It is interesting to observe that such a random network that is not endowed with any spatial localization structure, exhibits functional localization such as depicted in Fig. 5. We do not have prior knowledge of the number of sources, therefore we need to ...
Neural characterization in partially observed populations of spiking
... that can describe this transformation. One of the most successful of these is the linear-nonlinearPoisson (LNP) cascade model, which describes a cell’s response in terms of a linear filter (or receptive field), an output nonlinearity, and an instantaneous spiking point process [1–5]. Recent efforts ...
... that can describe this transformation. One of the most successful of these is the linear-nonlinearPoisson (LNP) cascade model, which describes a cell’s response in terms of a linear filter (or receptive field), an output nonlinearity, and an instantaneous spiking point process [1–5]. Recent efforts ...
Modeling cortical maps with Topographica
... allow the organization and function of each map to be studied. The external environment must also be simulated, including playback of visual images, audio recordings, and test patterns. Current models typically include only a primary sensory area with a simplified version of an input pathway, but la ...
... allow the organization and function of each map to be studied. The external environment must also be simulated, including playback of visual images, audio recordings, and test patterns. Current models typically include only a primary sensory area with a simplified version of an input pathway, but la ...
Frog Vision
... provide a recoding of the retinal image. • The retinal image is specified in terms of luminance at each receptor - this description is redundant and not useful to frog. • Tectal neurons recode each small region on retina in terms of 4 basic features or parameters, so we have 4 different average firi ...
... provide a recoding of the retinal image. • The retinal image is specified in terms of luminance at each receptor - this description is redundant and not useful to frog. • Tectal neurons recode each small region on retina in terms of 4 basic features or parameters, so we have 4 different average firi ...
Canonical Neural Computation: A Summary and a Roadmap A
... The advances that have been made through this integration of neurophysiology and theoretical approaches have helped define the challenges that, when met, will yield the next generation of advances. In our discussions, we outlined several key challenges. (1) The Canonical Computation Toolbox One of t ...
... The advances that have been made through this integration of neurophysiology and theoretical approaches have helped define the challenges that, when met, will yield the next generation of advances. In our discussions, we outlined several key challenges. (1) The Canonical Computation Toolbox One of t ...
Predicting Spiking Activities in DLS Neurons with Linear
... The current study identified subpopulations of neurons that primarily correlate with different feature modalities. The proportion of neurons that are identified to be correlated with head position history is higher (32 out of 47) when compared to traditional methods (less than 25%) which require cat ...
... The current study identified subpopulations of neurons that primarily correlate with different feature modalities. The proportion of neurons that are identified to be correlated with head position history is higher (32 out of 47) when compared to traditional methods (less than 25%) which require cat ...
PDF file
... to find the most salient location. The first explicit computational model of bottom-up attention was proposed by Koch and Ullman 1985 [2], in which a “saliency map” is used to encode stimuli saliency at every lactation in the visual scene. More recently, Itti and Koch et al. 1998 [3] integrated colo ...
... to find the most salient location. The first explicit computational model of bottom-up attention was proposed by Koch and Ullman 1985 [2], in which a “saliency map” is used to encode stimuli saliency at every lactation in the visual scene. More recently, Itti and Koch et al. 1998 [3] integrated colo ...
Encoding Information in Neuronal Activity
... environment [O' Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971] . Neurons in the temporal lobes of primates have also been found fire maximally in response to particular objects or for faces. The properties of these and many other types of neurons in the central nervous system were discovered by applying the firing rat ...
... environment [O' Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971] . Neurons in the temporal lobes of primates have also been found fire maximally in response to particular objects or for faces. The properties of these and many other types of neurons in the central nervous system were discovered by applying the firing rat ...
Project Report: Investigating topographic neural map development
... (mean luminance) and local contrasts. The visual system would not be able to encode this broad range of information using a single fixed scale resolution range. An element of adaptability to various contrasts and intensity levels present in the stimulus is hardcoded into the architecture of the visu ...
... (mean luminance) and local contrasts. The visual system would not be able to encode this broad range of information using a single fixed scale resolution range. An element of adaptability to various contrasts and intensity levels present in the stimulus is hardcoded into the architecture of the visu ...
Inferring functional connections between neurons
... spiking of other recorded neurons, and correlated inputs from unobserved populations of neurons that encode external covariates (e.g. stimuli or movement) in some fashion. Using these factors, there are parameters to capture refractory and other intrinsic effects, functional connections with other n ...
... spiking of other recorded neurons, and correlated inputs from unobserved populations of neurons that encode external covariates (e.g. stimuli or movement) in some fashion. Using these factors, there are parameters to capture refractory and other intrinsic effects, functional connections with other n ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... failure led to a reanalysis of the IC data from bilaterally-implanted cats, which revealed that best ITD is in fact positively correlated with width of tuning, tending to position the steepest slopes of the rate-ITD curves on the midline. A modification of the model based on this new analysis brough ...
... failure led to a reanalysis of the IC data from bilaterally-implanted cats, which revealed that best ITD is in fact positively correlated with width of tuning, tending to position the steepest slopes of the rate-ITD curves on the midline. A modification of the model based on this new analysis brough ...
lec3 - Department of Computer Science
... • They have a simple learning algorithm that adapts all of the interactions so that the equilibrium distribution over the visible variables matches the distribution of the observed data. – The pair-wise interactions with the hidden variables can model higher-order correlations ...
... • They have a simple learning algorithm that adapts all of the interactions so that the equilibrium distribution over the visible variables matches the distribution of the observed data. – The pair-wise interactions with the hidden variables can model higher-order correlations ...
Monitoring and switching of cortico-basal ganglia loop
... thalamo-striatal system appears to have the potential to influence synaptic integration of striatal projection neurons directly, as well as indirectly through interneurons in a manner that is less able to be influenced by dopaminergic neurons. 3. Salient sensory events activate CM–Pf neurons In only ...
... thalamo-striatal system appears to have the potential to influence synaptic integration of striatal projection neurons directly, as well as indirectly through interneurons in a manner that is less able to be influenced by dopaminergic neurons. 3. Salient sensory events activate CM–Pf neurons In only ...
A Maximum-Likelihood Approach to Modeling Multisensory
... where CM is the mean number of impulses evoked by the combined-modality stimulus in a given time interval, and SMmax refers to the response of the most effective single-modality stimulus (cf. [3]). Response enhancement in the DSC neurons can be quite impressive, with values of M RE sometimes reachin ...
... where CM is the mean number of impulses evoked by the combined-modality stimulus in a given time interval, and SMmax refers to the response of the most effective single-modality stimulus (cf. [3]). Response enhancement in the DSC neurons can be quite impressive, with values of M RE sometimes reachin ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.