Design Features in Vertebrate Sensory Systems
... issues many second order branches. These nuclear complex (Brugge and Geisler, collaterals result in information from a sin- 1978; Warr, 1982). This is a precisely orgagle ganglion cell being distributed to sev- nized array of many different types of neueral structures in the central nervous sys- ron ...
... issues many second order branches. These nuclear complex (Brugge and Geisler, collaterals result in information from a sin- 1978; Warr, 1982). This is a precisely orgagle ganglion cell being distributed to sev- nized array of many different types of neueral structures in the central nervous sys- ron ...
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... and sharing a common excitatory input K . Being robust, it serves as foundation for other large scale optimization structures such as the TSP neural solver. The n-flop is the basic building block beyond the concept of programming with neurons [13], the term is derived from flip-flop a computer circuit ...
... and sharing a common excitatory input K . Being robust, it serves as foundation for other large scale optimization structures such as the TSP neural solver. The n-flop is the basic building block beyond the concept of programming with neurons [13], the term is derived from flip-flop a computer circuit ...
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... The advantage of body-part-centered coordinates is that sensory information about the location of the carget can serve as a motor signal, guiding movement of the body part toward or away from the target. How are body-part-centered coordinates ...
... The advantage of body-part-centered coordinates is that sensory information about the location of the carget can serve as a motor signal, guiding movement of the body part toward or away from the target. How are body-part-centered coordinates ...
Not all vosial categorization tasks require attention
... 1) The new series of recordings is from a population of IT neurons spanning a broader range of shape selectivity, compared to the previous study. Instead of focusing on highly selective neurons tuned to small sets of similar shapes, as done in the previous study, we are currently measuring the selec ...
... 1) The new series of recordings is from a population of IT neurons spanning a broader range of shape selectivity, compared to the previous study. Instead of focusing on highly selective neurons tuned to small sets of similar shapes, as done in the previous study, we are currently measuring the selec ...
Neural Modeling and Computational Neuroscience
... Neurons implement input-driven non autonomous dynamical systems Neurons are excitable because their state is close to a bifurcation Delayed connectivity among neurons ...
... Neurons implement input-driven non autonomous dynamical systems Neurons are excitable because their state is close to a bifurcation Delayed connectivity among neurons ...
1 Spiking Neurons
... to the muscle. Another textbook example is the touch receptor in the leech [Kandel and Schwartz, 1991]. The stronger the touch stimulus, the more spikes occur during a stimulation period of 500 ms. These classical results show that the experimenter as an external observer can evaluate and classify n ...
... to the muscle. Another textbook example is the touch receptor in the leech [Kandel and Schwartz, 1991]. The stronger the touch stimulus, the more spikes occur during a stimulation period of 500 ms. These classical results show that the experimenter as an external observer can evaluate and classify n ...
Speed, noise, information and the graded nature of neuronal
... the same stimulus. The second is how close the distribution of mean rates is to being binary or bimodal, or conversely how graded is the response of the cell. Both aspects are often neglected in the construction and analysis of theoretical models, making the correspondence between such models and re ...
... the same stimulus. The second is how close the distribution of mean rates is to being binary or bimodal, or conversely how graded is the response of the cell. Both aspects are often neglected in the construction and analysis of theoretical models, making the correspondence between such models and re ...
Digital Selection and Analogue Amplification Coexist in a cortex-inspired silicon circuit
... This means that the stability of a steady state depends on the set of active neurons, but does not depend on their analogue responses. In practice, only stable steady states can be observed in a network, because even in®nitesimal amounts of noise cause divergence from an unstable steady state. Howev ...
... This means that the stability of a steady state depends on the set of active neurons, but does not depend on their analogue responses. In practice, only stable steady states can be observed in a network, because even in®nitesimal amounts of noise cause divergence from an unstable steady state. Howev ...
Parietal cortex neurons of the monkey related to the visual guidance
... Microelectrode penetrations were made mainly in the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus. Eye movements were recorded using the magnetic search coil technique (Robinson 1963; Judge et al. 1980), monitored with an oscilloscope and sampled by the A/D converter every 10 ms (Fig. 1 EM). We used vi ...
... Microelectrode penetrations were made mainly in the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus. Eye movements were recorded using the magnetic search coil technique (Robinson 1963; Judge et al. 1980), monitored with an oscilloscope and sampled by the A/D converter every 10 ms (Fig. 1 EM). We used vi ...
Joint maps for orientation, eye, and direction preference in a self
... pathways. Because the focus is on the two-dimensional organization of V1, each cortical neuron corresponds to a vertical column of cells through the six anatomical layers of the cortex. Compared to simpler OR-only LISSOM networks, the model introduced in this paper includes two eyes (to model OD) an ...
... pathways. Because the focus is on the two-dimensional organization of V1, each cortical neuron corresponds to a vertical column of cells through the six anatomical layers of the cortex. Compared to simpler OR-only LISSOM networks, the model introduced in this paper includes two eyes (to model OD) an ...
Fast and slow neurons in the nucleus of the
... We recorded from 32 nBOR neurons. The average spontaneous rate (SR) was 35 spikes/s (range 11±70 spikes/s). Spatio-temporal contour plots for both the preferred and anti-preferred directions were obtained for all neurons. Because, for most neurons, large®eld motion in the preferred direction elicits ...
... We recorded from 32 nBOR neurons. The average spontaneous rate (SR) was 35 spikes/s (range 11±70 spikes/s). Spatio-temporal contour plots for both the preferred and anti-preferred directions were obtained for all neurons. Because, for most neurons, large®eld motion in the preferred direction elicits ...
Spikes not slots: noise in neural populations limits
... Figure 2. Evidence for normalisation in working memory (WM)-related neural activity. (A) Firing rate of an example prefrontal neuron with persistent WM activity. Firing rate declines with increasing memory load, whether the stimulus in the receptive field corresponds to a preferred (unbroken lines) ...
... Figure 2. Evidence for normalisation in working memory (WM)-related neural activity. (A) Firing rate of an example prefrontal neuron with persistent WM activity. Firing rate declines with increasing memory load, whether the stimulus in the receptive field corresponds to a preferred (unbroken lines) ...
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... Zohary, and Newsome, 1998). These two types of modification correspond to what we might call soft and hard switching. Due the existence of a threshold for action potential generation, hard switching can be accomplished by strong inhibition. In other words, a neuron can be switched from a responsive ...
... Zohary, and Newsome, 1998). These two types of modification correspond to what we might call soft and hard switching. Due the existence of a threshold for action potential generation, hard switching can be accomplished by strong inhibition. In other words, a neuron can be switched from a responsive ...
Why Neurons Cannot be Detectors: Shifting Paradigms from Sherlock Holmes... Elvis Presley? Nancy A. Salay ()
... more a metal detector than the magnetesomes in anaerobic bacteria are anaerobic water detectors. A magnetised metal rod can only have the functional role to detect metals within a context within which it is used in this capacity. This is because to be a detector is to play a particular role in a sys ...
... more a metal detector than the magnetesomes in anaerobic bacteria are anaerobic water detectors. A magnetised metal rod can only have the functional role to detect metals within a context within which it is used in this capacity. This is because to be a detector is to play a particular role in a sys ...
Division of Informatics, University of Edinburgh
... to the one of F5. The aim here is to apply the Schema Theory onto the above properties and roles. Arbib’s Schema Theory analyses brain functions assuming no localisation of neurons. This is achieved with an assembly of schemas. A schema is an active entity involved with either perception (perceptua ...
... to the one of F5. The aim here is to apply the Schema Theory onto the above properties and roles. Arbib’s Schema Theory analyses brain functions assuming no localisation of neurons. This is achieved with an assembly of schemas. A schema is an active entity involved with either perception (perceptua ...
Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
... integration processing capabilities to deal with the presumptive environment in which it will function. Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) provides a framework for understanding these adaptations by predicting how SC afferents that are co-activated mutually reinforce each other. Recently, howe ...
... integration processing capabilities to deal with the presumptive environment in which it will function. Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) provides a framework for understanding these adaptations by predicting how SC afferents that are co-activated mutually reinforce each other. Recently, howe ...
Neural Cognitive Modelling: A Biologically Constrained Spiking
... Strategy” from Simon (1975). We start with the largest disk that is not in the correct location. We then examine the next smaller disk. If it blocks the move we want to make, then our new goal is to move that disk to the one peg where it will not be in the way. We then iterate this algorithm, going ...
... Strategy” from Simon (1975). We start with the largest disk that is not in the correct location. We then examine the next smaller disk. If it blocks the move we want to make, then our new goal is to move that disk to the one peg where it will not be in the way. We then iterate this algorithm, going ...
Prenatal and postnatal development of laterally
... input patterns consisted of noisy patterns of neural activity (figure 2a). These patterns were chosen to match retinal waves, which are the best-characterized source of spontaneous activity in early development. However, they can also represent any other spontaneous activity that includes large patc ...
... input patterns consisted of noisy patterns of neural activity (figure 2a). These patterns were chosen to match retinal waves, which are the best-characterized source of spontaneous activity in early development. However, they can also represent any other spontaneous activity that includes large patc ...
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... distinguish it from the next, and that the distance from two or more of the walls determines the firing rate of each place cell (O'Keefe and Burgess, 1996). The role of distant visual cues may relate to the rat's internal sense of direction, and thus, indirectly to place cell firing. Local cues, dis ...
... distinguish it from the next, and that the distance from two or more of the walls determines the firing rate of each place cell (O'Keefe and Burgess, 1996). The role of distant visual cues may relate to the rat's internal sense of direction, and thus, indirectly to place cell firing. Local cues, dis ...
Corticothalamic feedback and sensory processing
... Several excellent reviews discussing this second category of proposed roles have recently been published [4–6, 10–16]. In this review, we focus our discussion on the first category — the effects of cortical feedback on sensory responses and receptive field properties. As the anatomical properties of ...
... Several excellent reviews discussing this second category of proposed roles have recently been published [4–6, 10–16]. In this review, we focus our discussion on the first category — the effects of cortical feedback on sensory responses and receptive field properties. As the anatomical properties of ...
Genealogy of the “Grandmother Cell”
... demonstration of the hierarchical processing of sensory information in the geniculo-striate system. In their schema, as one proceeds from centersurround to simple receptive fields and then to complex and then the (now revised) hypercomplex ones, both the selectivity of the cells and their ability to ...
... demonstration of the hierarchical processing of sensory information in the geniculo-striate system. In their schema, as one proceeds from centersurround to simple receptive fields and then to complex and then the (now revised) hypercomplex ones, both the selectivity of the cells and their ability to ...
Signal Integration in Thalamus: Labeled Lines Go
... Figure 1. Specific Features of the Visual Scene Are Detected by Different Types of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Are Transmitted to the LGN in Three Different Ways Information is transmitted by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to neurons in the LGN through one of three ‘‘modes’’: relay, combination, or bi ...
... Figure 1. Specific Features of the Visual Scene Are Detected by Different Types of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Are Transmitted to the LGN in Three Different Ways Information is transmitted by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to neurons in the LGN through one of three ‘‘modes’’: relay, combination, or bi ...
Melting the Iceberg
... and firing rate becomes a power function (see Anderson et al. [2000] and references therein). Adding noise fluctuations to the visually driven tuning curves (Figure 1H) solved the two problems mentioned above: the firing-rate responses obtained at the two contrasts resemble each other in all but a s ...
... and firing rate becomes a power function (see Anderson et al. [2000] and references therein). Adding noise fluctuations to the visually driven tuning curves (Figure 1H) solved the two problems mentioned above: the firing-rate responses obtained at the two contrasts resemble each other in all but a s ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.