A breath of oxygen for the Sun
... independently of previous analyses. For this purpose, they used the best solar spectra available and employed a realistic 3D hydrodynamical model of the solar atmosphere, computed with the CO5BOLD code. In contrast to a traditional 1D model atmosphere, a 3D simulation provides an ab initio physical ...
... independently of previous analyses. For this purpose, they used the best solar spectra available and employed a realistic 3D hydrodynamical model of the solar atmosphere, computed with the CO5BOLD code. In contrast to a traditional 1D model atmosphere, a 3D simulation provides an ab initio physical ...
On gamma-ray emission from pulsar magnetosphere
... Ruderman and Sutherland (1975) proposed a model of pulsar emission based on the formation of vacuum gaps near the polar cap. In their model, the work function for ions on the stellar surface is assumed to be sufficiently large to prevent them from being stripped from the surface and shorting out the ...
... Ruderman and Sutherland (1975) proposed a model of pulsar emission based on the formation of vacuum gaps near the polar cap. In their model, the work function for ions on the stellar surface is assumed to be sufficiently large to prevent them from being stripped from the surface and shorting out the ...
C-14 is used to date
... is formed when these neutrons strike the nitrogen atom causing the emission of a proton. The nitrogen is then converted into 14C. Over time the carbon-14 decays back into ...
... is formed when these neutrons strike the nitrogen atom causing the emission of a proton. The nitrogen is then converted into 14C. Over time the carbon-14 decays back into ...
Solar chromospheric flares: energy release, transport and radiation
... idea that the magnetic ‘convulsion’ of the CME propagating upwards is accompanied by a magnetic convulsion propagating downwards, with roughly the same total energy (as indicated by studies of flare and CME energetics) but launched into a much smaller volume and onto a field which is line-tied at th ...
... idea that the magnetic ‘convulsion’ of the CME propagating upwards is accompanied by a magnetic convulsion propagating downwards, with roughly the same total energy (as indicated by studies of flare and CME energetics) but launched into a much smaller volume and onto a field which is line-tied at th ...
element - Batesville Community Schools
... When you die, your atoms are not destroyed - they become part of something else. ...
... When you die, your atoms are not destroyed - they become part of something else. ...
caltech-1
... The composite analysis of Soukhrarew and Hood [2001, Figure 12] is here reproduced using 82 years of THINAIR model results. Figure 2 shows the mean vertical-time cross section of the westerly QBO of the lowpass filtered equatorial zonal wind for solar maximum conditions (Figure 2 a), solar minimum c ...
... The composite analysis of Soukhrarew and Hood [2001, Figure 12] is here reproduced using 82 years of THINAIR model results. Figure 2 shows the mean vertical-time cross section of the westerly QBO of the lowpass filtered equatorial zonal wind for solar maximum conditions (Figure 2 a), solar minimum c ...
The wind from the Sun: an introduction - LESIA
... also the luminiferous ether imagined later by Maxwell – and even though those vortices have nothing in common with their ethereal ancestors, they are barely better understood. And not only does the solar wind transmit sound and light as did the ancient ether, but it also carries a host of waves that ...
... also the luminiferous ether imagined later by Maxwell – and even though those vortices have nothing in common with their ethereal ancestors, they are barely better understood. And not only does the solar wind transmit sound and light as did the ancient ether, but it also carries a host of waves that ...
The prominent 1.6-year periodicity in solar motion due to the inner
... predictions were unsuccessful; they were too high – between 140 and even 225 W (e.g. Wilson, 1992; Shatten et al., 1996; Kane, 1997). The periods found in the SIMGP are described in Bucha et al. (1985). In Paluš et al. (2000), the quantitative relation between the solar activity and the SIMGP (here ...
... predictions were unsuccessful; they were too high – between 140 and even 225 W (e.g. Wilson, 1992; Shatten et al., 1996; Kane, 1997). The periods found in the SIMGP are described in Bucha et al. (1985). In Paluš et al. (2000), the quantitative relation between the solar activity and the SIMGP (here ...
Statistics of the Interplanetary Magnetic Fields Observed at 0.72 AU
... The multiscale structure of the magnetic field fluctuations was described by studying the increments of B over a range scales from 10 minutes to 42.7 h. The time series of the increments of B are best described quantitatively and statistically by PDFs. All the PDFs are peaked and have large tails, whi ...
... The multiscale structure of the magnetic field fluctuations was described by studying the increments of B over a range scales from 10 minutes to 42.7 h. The time series of the increments of B are best described quantitatively and statistically by PDFs. All the PDFs are peaked and have large tails, whi ...
Explosion of Sun - Scientific Research Publishing
... The core of the Sun is considered to extend from the center to about 0.2 solar radii. It has a density of up to 150,000 kg/m3 (150 times the density of water on Earth) and a temperature of close to 13,600,000 kelvins (by contrast, the surface of the Sun is close to 5785 kelvins (1/2350th of the core ...
... The core of the Sun is considered to extend from the center to about 0.2 solar radii. It has a density of up to 150,000 kg/m3 (150 times the density of water on Earth) and a temperature of close to 13,600,000 kelvins (by contrast, the surface of the Sun is close to 5785 kelvins (1/2350th of the core ...
INTERSTELLAR TRANSFER OF PLANETARY MICROBIOTA
... rocks to have very high initial speeds in order to push aside several times their own mass of air. While Melosh (1988) originally made a similar assumption, he did recognise that the sheer bulk of ejecta could far exceed the atmospheric mass. Thus rocks emerge with escape speeds (>vesc=11km/s on Ear ...
... rocks to have very high initial speeds in order to push aside several times their own mass of air. While Melosh (1988) originally made a similar assumption, he did recognise that the sheer bulk of ejecta could far exceed the atmospheric mass. Thus rocks emerge with escape speeds (>vesc=11km/s on Ear ...
Fulltext PDF
... three coronagraphs which can observe CMEs even up to 30 solar radii from the Sun. In Fig. 7 is shown a picture of a huge CME taken from LASCO. How these CMEs are formed and triggered are major problems to solve. Because CMEs are known to generate geomagnetic storms on the Earth, their properties are ...
... three coronagraphs which can observe CMEs even up to 30 solar radii from the Sun. In Fig. 7 is shown a picture of a huge CME taken from LASCO. How these CMEs are formed and triggered are major problems to solve. Because CMEs are known to generate geomagnetic storms on the Earth, their properties are ...
Plasma waves above the ion cyclotron frequency in the solar wind: a
... first predictive, theoretical model of solar wind was given by Parker (1958) from an hydrodynamic approach (steady state expansion of a thermally driven electron-proton flow out of the hot solar corona). However, this model and the many derived from it were unable to explain the high speed solar win ...
... first predictive, theoretical model of solar wind was given by Parker (1958) from an hydrodynamic approach (steady state expansion of a thermally driven electron-proton flow out of the hot solar corona). However, this model and the many derived from it were unable to explain the high speed solar win ...
The formation of the Solar System
... The impact that made the Moon was just the biggest in a whole spectrum of impacts. While the planets were forming, there was a continuous distribution of sizes of objects: ten Moons for every Mars-sized object, ten Marses for every Earth, and so on. Smaller impacts will tend to cancel out, but the ...
... The impact that made the Moon was just the biggest in a whole spectrum of impacts. While the planets were forming, there was a continuous distribution of sizes of objects: ten Moons for every Mars-sized object, ten Marses for every Earth, and so on. Smaller impacts will tend to cancel out, but the ...
Cosmic Rays 3 - zainab
... • When a high-energy cosmic ray enters the atmosphere it loses its energy via interactions with the nuclei that make up the air. At high energies these interactions create particles. These new particles go on to create more particles, etc. This multiplication process is known as a particle cascade. ...
... • When a high-energy cosmic ray enters the atmosphere it loses its energy via interactions with the nuclei that make up the air. At high energies these interactions create particles. These new particles go on to create more particles, etc. This multiplication process is known as a particle cascade. ...
The Planets of the Solar System
... collectively make up 99 percent of the mass known to orbit the Sun. Jupiter and Saturn consist overwhelmingly of hydrogen and helium; Uranus and Neptune possess a greater proportion of ices in their makeup. Some astronomers suggest they belong in their own category, “ice giants”. All ffour gas giant ...
... collectively make up 99 percent of the mass known to orbit the Sun. Jupiter and Saturn consist overwhelmingly of hydrogen and helium; Uranus and Neptune possess a greater proportion of ices in their makeup. Some astronomers suggest they belong in their own category, “ice giants”. All ffour gas giant ...
Radio and X-ray signatures of merging neutron stars
... the form of low frequency electromagnetic waves. Unlike the equivalent situation for pulsars, where the density of the secondary plasma is low, these low frequency electromagnetic waves may not be able to propagate through the dense secondary plasma present in the `magnetarsphere' ± they will conver ...
... the form of low frequency electromagnetic waves. Unlike the equivalent situation for pulsars, where the density of the secondary plasma is low, these low frequency electromagnetic waves may not be able to propagate through the dense secondary plasma present in the `magnetarsphere' ± they will conver ...
Slides - GSI Indico
... Strong electric or magnetic fields, high temperatures massive pair production (E > 2mec2 = 1.022 MeV) electron-positron plasma ...
... Strong electric or magnetic fields, high temperatures massive pair production (E > 2mec2 = 1.022 MeV) electron-positron plasma ...
What makes a planet habitable?
... heating due to O2, N2, and O photoionization by solar XUV radiation ( λ ≤ 1027 Å), ...
... heating due to O2, N2, and O photoionization by solar XUV radiation ( λ ≤ 1027 Å), ...
Magnetic Confinement of the Plasma Fusion by Tokamak Machine
... research of alternative energy sources imposes more and more to satisfy the demand. It is in this setting that the controlled thermonuclear fusion appears as being a solution extremely viable to long term for the electric energy production. This project « ITER » consists to construct a « Tokamak » m ...
... research of alternative energy sources imposes more and more to satisfy the demand. It is in this setting that the controlled thermonuclear fusion appears as being a solution extremely viable to long term for the electric energy production. This project « ITER » consists to construct a « Tokamak » m ...
Slide 1
... remove extra electron 1653 nm (Saha relation) so H– can account for absorption down to very long wavelengths negative H makes photosphere as opaque as a dense object, therefore it radiates like a blackbody ...
... remove extra electron 1653 nm (Saha relation) so H– can account for absorption down to very long wavelengths negative H makes photosphere as opaque as a dense object, therefore it radiates like a blackbody ...
here - The Planetary Chemistry Laboratory
... nuclides Different isotopes of the heavy elements are preferentially made by either the S or R process contribution of SN and giant stars to solar system element mixture ...
... nuclides Different isotopes of the heavy elements are preferentially made by either the S or R process contribution of SN and giant stars to solar system element mixture ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.