COSPAR WORKSHOP ON CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
... The Auroral Oval from Space • The aurora occurs in a narrow band circling the magnetic pole called the auroral oval • The dayside is obvious from UV dayglow on the left side of the figure, midnight is at the east coast of the US • Aurora is caused by charged particles hitting the atmosphere and exc ...
... The Auroral Oval from Space • The aurora occurs in a narrow band circling the magnetic pole called the auroral oval • The dayside is obvious from UV dayglow on the left side of the figure, midnight is at the east coast of the US • Aurora is caused by charged particles hitting the atmosphere and exc ...
The dance of elements in space: from clouds to planets
... helium with a sparkling of lithium and beryllium. The Universe could have remained as such, a place with no chemistry and no life, were it not that a first star was born. A big star, not one as the many that surround us today, but much bigger than that. She lived little but shone as no other star to ...
... helium with a sparkling of lithium and beryllium. The Universe could have remained as such, a place with no chemistry and no life, were it not that a first star was born. A big star, not one as the many that surround us today, but much bigger than that. She lived little but shone as no other star to ...
Low-energy charged particle measurement by MAP-PACE onboard SELENE
... thought that there is a weak but significant magnetic field anomaly on the surface of the Moon and that this deflects the solar wind particles and varies the degree of compression (Lin et al., 1998). It is of primary importance to study the structure of the lunar wake and the behavior of plasma near ...
... thought that there is a weak but significant magnetic field anomaly on the surface of the Moon and that this deflects the solar wind particles and varies the degree of compression (Lin et al., 1998). It is of primary importance to study the structure of the lunar wake and the behavior of plasma near ...
Chapter 8: Formation of the solar system 8.1 The Search for Origins
... the age of a planet as a whole The oldest Earth rocks are about 4 billion years old, but even these are not as old as earth itself because earth’s entire surface has been reshaped through time Moon’s rocks brought back by the Apollo astronauts date to as far back as 4.4 billion years ago. Although t ...
... the age of a planet as a whole The oldest Earth rocks are about 4 billion years old, but even these are not as old as earth itself because earth’s entire surface has been reshaped through time Moon’s rocks brought back by the Apollo astronauts date to as far back as 4.4 billion years ago. Although t ...
paper - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... microphysical characteristics of surface materials. These processes must be factored into the interpretation of remote sensing observations of planetary bodies, insofar as their effects are understood. There is a wide range of experimental studies that can be conducted in the laboratory to expand ou ...
... microphysical characteristics of surface materials. These processes must be factored into the interpretation of remote sensing observations of planetary bodies, insofar as their effects are understood. There is a wide range of experimental studies that can be conducted in the laboratory to expand ou ...
The escape of planetary atmospheres
... really close to their parent stars. For orbits less than about 3 million kilometers around a Sun-like star, hydrodynamic escape could remove the atmosphere of a Jupiter-like planet within a few billion years, leaving behind only a scorched remnant of its dense core. The direct observation of a plane ...
... really close to their parent stars. For orbits less than about 3 million kilometers around a Sun-like star, hydrodynamic escape could remove the atmosphere of a Jupiter-like planet within a few billion years, leaving behind only a scorched remnant of its dense core. The direct observation of a plane ...
SORCE brochure.qx - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
... The 23.5° angle between Earth’s spin axis and its orbit about the Sun gives rise to the seasonal cycle, causing the length of the day and the sunlight angle to vary during the year. As a result, summer is much warmer than winter, and polar regions are dramatically colder than the tropics. Also, Eart ...
... The 23.5° angle between Earth’s spin axis and its orbit about the Sun gives rise to the seasonal cycle, causing the length of the day and the sunlight angle to vary during the year. As a result, summer is much warmer than winter, and polar regions are dramatically colder than the tropics. Also, Eart ...
Magnetic reconnection
... • To observe the dynamics of magnetic reconnection, we need high throughput spectrometer (This is most important!) • We need several emission lines to diagnose inside the reconnection region because of NIEQ (line ratio or filter ratio may not work) • To diagnose electron temperature, it is important ...
... • To observe the dynamics of magnetic reconnection, we need high throughput spectrometer (This is most important!) • We need several emission lines to diagnose inside the reconnection region because of NIEQ (line ratio or filter ratio may not work) • To diagnose electron temperature, it is important ...
Immature lunar formations and palaeoregolith deposits as sources
... New formation of modern palaeoregolith (preserved regolith) layers. ...
... New formation of modern palaeoregolith (preserved regolith) layers. ...
The loss of nitrogen-rich atmospheres from Earth-like
... gaseous envelope even if the planet orbits its parent M star within the habitable zone (HZ). However, as shown in Lammer et al. (2007), a high CO2 atmospheric mixing ratio will result in enhanced IR cooling in the thermosphere and inhibits its expansion and therefore leads to reduced non-thermal atm ...
... gaseous envelope even if the planet orbits its parent M star within the habitable zone (HZ). However, as shown in Lammer et al. (2007), a high CO2 atmospheric mixing ratio will result in enhanced IR cooling in the thermosphere and inhibits its expansion and therefore leads to reduced non-thermal atm ...
55_1.pdf
... pictures represent those individual structures that have the largest density gradients. The corona is actually filled with many more structures that are not seen in the images, either because they are smaller than the spatial resolution or because their density gradients are weak. Highly sensitive a ...
... pictures represent those individual structures that have the largest density gradients. The corona is actually filled with many more structures that are not seen in the images, either because they are smaller than the spatial resolution or because their density gradients are weak. Highly sensitive a ...
Document
... How did the Solar System Form: Jovian Planets. • Formation of the Jovian or gas-giant planets is a little less clear with a weaker consensus among scientists as to a party-line theory. – 1. These planets simply grew large or massive enough that their gravitational fields pulled large masses of gas ...
... How did the Solar System Form: Jovian Planets. • Formation of the Jovian or gas-giant planets is a little less clear with a weaker consensus among scientists as to a party-line theory. – 1. These planets simply grew large or massive enough that their gravitational fields pulled large masses of gas ...
Summary
... ions, because some of the electrons are captured by the grains, and are therefore immobilized by the high dust masses. The charge of the dust grain depends on the local plasma conditions (temperature and plasma density), which will vary with the waves coming by and therefore the dust grain charge ha ...
... ions, because some of the electrons are captured by the grains, and are therefore immobilized by the high dust masses. The charge of the dust grain depends on the local plasma conditions (temperature and plasma density), which will vary with the waves coming by and therefore the dust grain charge ha ...
causes of solar activity - The National Academies of Sciences
... in electromagnetic radiation from radio frequencies of a few kHz to powerful gamma rays. Particle emission ranges from the relatively gentle solar wind to blasts of charged and neutral particles that reach Earth at virtually the speed of light. A synoptic program concentrates on observations of the ...
... in electromagnetic radiation from radio frequencies of a few kHz to powerful gamma rays. Particle emission ranges from the relatively gentle solar wind to blasts of charged and neutral particles that reach Earth at virtually the speed of light. A synoptic program concentrates on observations of the ...
ASR201017 - UCLA IGPP
... Observations in the magnetotail during substorms have demonstrated the existence of large bundles of magnetic flux and plasma moving tailward that are called plasmoids [Hones et al., 1984]. These were envisioned as magnetic O regions containing magnetic field lines in closed loops. Further observati ...
... Observations in the magnetotail during substorms have demonstrated the existence of large bundles of magnetic flux and plasma moving tailward that are called plasmoids [Hones et al., 1984]. These were envisioned as magnetic O regions containing magnetic field lines in closed loops. Further observati ...
HEA_Pulsars_2002
... pulses at IR, optical, X-rays and g-rays. • - Are these also coherent? • Probably not – brightness temperature of Xrays is about 100 billion K, equivalent to electron energies 10MeV, so consistent with ...
... pulses at IR, optical, X-rays and g-rays. • - Are these also coherent? • Probably not – brightness temperature of Xrays is about 100 billion K, equivalent to electron energies 10MeV, so consistent with ...
bution of Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth E
... larger intensity relative to other events through the entire evolution process including the rising phase and the decay phase (see the results, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3, in [3]). Generally, the probability of the SEP events being observed by spacecraft near Earth’s orbit depends on the intensit ...
... larger intensity relative to other events through the entire evolution process including the rising phase and the decay phase (see the results, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3, in [3]). Generally, the probability of the SEP events being observed by spacecraft near Earth’s orbit depends on the intensit ...
From the Sun`s atmosphere to the Earth`s atmosphere
... most a few percent of the surface of the Sun, while CMEs are larger scale phenomena that can involve a non-negligible part of the Sun’s global configuration. Those may have different origins and associated events, such as global magnetic nonequilibrium or prominence disruption. The global solar atmo ...
... most a few percent of the surface of the Sun, while CMEs are larger scale phenomena that can involve a non-negligible part of the Sun’s global configuration. Those may have different origins and associated events, such as global magnetic nonequilibrium or prominence disruption. The global solar atmo ...
ppt - SLAC
... A W-R star is “A hot (25,000 to 50,000 K), massive (more than 25 solar masses), luminous star in an advanced stage of evolution, which is losing mass in the form a powerful stellar wind. Wolf-Rayets are believed to be O stars that have lost their hydrogen envelopes, leaving their helium cores expose ...
... A W-R star is “A hot (25,000 to 50,000 K), massive (more than 25 solar masses), luminous star in an advanced stage of evolution, which is losing mass in the form a powerful stellar wind. Wolf-Rayets are believed to be O stars that have lost their hydrogen envelopes, leaving their helium cores expose ...
heavenly bodies
... its coma. Instruments on the Philae lander found at least sixteen organic compounds at the comet's surface, four of which have been detected for the first time on a comet. The streams of dust and gas thus released form a huge and extremely thin atmosphere around the comet called the "coma", and the ...
... its coma. Instruments on the Philae lander found at least sixteen organic compounds at the comet's surface, four of which have been detected for the first time on a comet. The streams of dust and gas thus released form a huge and extremely thin atmosphere around the comet called the "coma", and the ...
Signatures of stellar surface structure
... RECENT PAST: ”Inversion” of line profiles; “any part of a profile corresponds to some height of formation” Adjustable parameters, e.g., ”micro-” & ”macro-turbulence” NOW: Stellar line profiles reflect statistical distribution of lateral inhomogeneities across stellar surfaces Not possible, n ...
... RECENT PAST: ”Inversion” of line profiles; “any part of a profile corresponds to some height of formation” Adjustable parameters, e.g., ”micro-” & ”macro-turbulence” NOW: Stellar line profiles reflect statistical distribution of lateral inhomogeneities across stellar surfaces Not possible, n ...
Experimenting with UV Sensitive Beads - Stanford
... Show students the images following or current images from NASA’S SDO/AIA, TRACE, IRIS, STEREO, or other missions taking imagery in UV. Ask students why the images are unusually colored. [They were taken in UV, which is invisible to human eyes, so computers have colored the data ...
... Show students the images following or current images from NASA’S SDO/AIA, TRACE, IRIS, STEREO, or other missions taking imagery in UV. Ask students why the images are unusually colored. [They were taken in UV, which is invisible to human eyes, so computers have colored the data ...
ALLAN SACHA BRUN Head of the Laboratory on Dynamics
... stellar magnetic cycles, butterfly diagrams and the influence of multi cellular meridional circulation or magnetic pumping on the activity cycles. - Study nonlinear interactions between magnetized stars & wind, disk or planet using 2--D & 3-D PLUTO code - Improved the physical contents (microscopic ...
... stellar magnetic cycles, butterfly diagrams and the influence of multi cellular meridional circulation or magnetic pumping on the activity cycles. - Study nonlinear interactions between magnetized stars & wind, disk or planet using 2--D & 3-D PLUTO code - Improved the physical contents (microscopic ...
Upper ionosphere of Mars is not axially symmetrical
... a function of the altitude (third and fourth panels) clearly show this asymmetry. Similar asymmetry between the inbound and outbound crossings is seen in Fig. 4 which shows the altitude profiles of cold oxygen ions measured by IMA-ASPERA-3 on several orbits sampling the same solar zenith angles. The ...
... a function of the altitude (third and fourth panels) clearly show this asymmetry. Similar asymmetry between the inbound and outbound crossings is seen in Fig. 4 which shows the altitude profiles of cold oxygen ions measured by IMA-ASPERA-3 on several orbits sampling the same solar zenith angles. The ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.