Geomagnetic Storms - Thought Leadership
... There is a 50/50 possibility that a severe space weather event can be forecast hours in advance allowing decoupling/shutdown of the electricity grid (though a shutdown might create other insurance issues). Many utilities maintain a spare HV transformer but there are major issues of compatibility, tr ...
... There is a 50/50 possibility that a severe space weather event can be forecast hours in advance allowing decoupling/shutdown of the electricity grid (though a shutdown might create other insurance issues). Many utilities maintain a spare HV transformer but there are major issues of compatibility, tr ...
Geographical and moon phase relationship of the UV
... charged particle fluxes (with a threshold energy for electrons of 1 MeV) provide no evidence of synchronous occurrence with UV events. The CP fluxes show high values at the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). Remarkably, the CP fluxes distribution over the SAA is outlined by the magnetic field lines over ...
... charged particle fluxes (with a threshold energy for electrons of 1 MeV) provide no evidence of synchronous occurrence with UV events. The CP fluxes show high values at the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). Remarkably, the CP fluxes distribution over the SAA is outlined by the magnetic field lines over ...
Does the Sun rotate?
... Ionized gases trapped by magnetic fields form prominences that arc far above the solar surface. Sometimes these gases are ejected into space. ...
... Ionized gases trapped by magnetic fields form prominences that arc far above the solar surface. Sometimes these gases are ejected into space. ...
Star formation and Evolution
... Stars are formed when part of a interstellar gas cloud contracts under its own gravitational force; as it collapses, the center becomes hotter until nuclear fusion begins in the core. Interstellar gas and dust, which make up the interstellar medium, are concentrated in the disk of the Galaxy ...
... Stars are formed when part of a interstellar gas cloud contracts under its own gravitational force; as it collapses, the center becomes hotter until nuclear fusion begins in the core. Interstellar gas and dust, which make up the interstellar medium, are concentrated in the disk of the Galaxy ...
Electron and Ion Dynamics of the Solar Wind Interaction with a
... are critical to decipher the physics of gas release processes in space. The latter result in mass-loaded plasmas [9,10], which more than three decades after the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) space release experiments [11] are still not fully understood. First observed in 19 ...
... are critical to decipher the physics of gas release processes in space. The latter result in mass-loaded plasmas [9,10], which more than three decades after the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) space release experiments [11] are still not fully understood. First observed in 19 ...
Chapter 11 The Solar Wind
... when it was 94 AU from the Sun (Figure 11.5). Voyager 2 went through the termination shock in 2006 May, when it was only 76 AU from the Sun; this gives a idea of the non-sphericity of the termination shock. ...
... when it was 94 AU from the Sun (Figure 11.5). Voyager 2 went through the termination shock in 2006 May, when it was only 76 AU from the Sun; this gives a idea of the non-sphericity of the termination shock. ...
The Sun - cloudfront.net
... sun’s magnetic field snaps and breaks, it creates a solar flare, which is a violent explosion that releases huge amounts of energy. A solar flare releases streams of highly energetic particles that make up solar wind. Solar wind sends out large amounts of radiation that can harm the human body, so i ...
... sun’s magnetic field snaps and breaks, it creates a solar flare, which is a violent explosion that releases huge amounts of energy. A solar flare releases streams of highly energetic particles that make up solar wind. Solar wind sends out large amounts of radiation that can harm the human body, so i ...
Chapter 2 Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons
... • Solar wind is clouds of electrically charged particles, and takes about 3 days to reach Earth. • Solar radiation occupies a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiant energy. Solar radiation that reaches a horizontal plane at Earth is called insolation. • Five reasons of seasons: 1) rev ...
... • Solar wind is clouds of electrically charged particles, and takes about 3 days to reach Earth. • Solar radiation occupies a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiant energy. Solar radiation that reaches a horizontal plane at Earth is called insolation. • Five reasons of seasons: 1) rev ...
Terrestrial aurora - Annales Geophysicae
... Auroral magnetic configuration creates a unique laboraPrimordial nucleo-synthesis and galactic evolution contory for magnetized plasma processes, which may be applifines the coronal ratio of the He isotopes 3 He/4 He to several cable to other extraterrestrial environments, as well as to protimes 10− ...
... Auroral magnetic configuration creates a unique laboraPrimordial nucleo-synthesis and galactic evolution contory for magnetized plasma processes, which may be applifines the coronal ratio of the He isotopes 3 He/4 He to several cable to other extraterrestrial environments, as well as to protimes 10− ...
Ultracold Plasmas
... - Charge density on radial grid is calculated. - Electric field at any point is estimated. - Acceleration calculated, particle is now moved, using leapfrog algorithm - The process is repeated sufficent number of time untill steady state is established.. ...
... - Charge density on radial grid is calculated. - Electric field at any point is estimated. - Acceleration calculated, particle is now moved, using leapfrog algorithm - The process is repeated sufficent number of time untill steady state is established.. ...
Does the Sun contribute to Climate Change
... • A constant stream of particles «blowing» from the solar corona with a typical velocity of 1.5 million km/h (400 km/s). The solar wind reaches the outher part of the solar system and affects all planets. It pushes on our magnetosphere. ...
... • A constant stream of particles «blowing» from the solar corona with a typical velocity of 1.5 million km/h (400 km/s). The solar wind reaches the outher part of the solar system and affects all planets. It pushes on our magnetosphere. ...
A Solar Polar Imager Concept - The National Academies of
... of the solar dynamo. Doppler data from the Michelson-Doppler-Imager (MDI) on SOHO and the ground-based Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) have revolutionized our views of the structure and dynamics of the convective region and the solar dynamo. Figure 2 shows measurements of the differential ro ...
... of the solar dynamo. Doppler data from the Michelson-Doppler-Imager (MDI) on SOHO and the ground-based Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) have revolutionized our views of the structure and dynamics of the convective region and the solar dynamo. Figure 2 shows measurements of the differential ro ...
Cosmic Influence on the Sun-Earth Environment
... phenomenon known as a 'light echo' when it reflected off dust shells around the star. This phenomenon was followed by hailstorms in the Northern Hemisphere. In the month of December 2004, the star repeated a similar phenomenon. The snowfall on the 23rd and 24th February all over England and other pa ...
... phenomenon known as a 'light echo' when it reflected off dust shells around the star. This phenomenon was followed by hailstorms in the Northern Hemisphere. In the month of December 2004, the star repeated a similar phenomenon. The snowfall on the 23rd and 24th February all over England and other pa ...
Solar System - CW Perry School
... The Solar System is made up of all the planets that orbit our Sun. In addition to planets, the Solar System also consists of moons, comets, asteroids, minor planets, and dust and gas. Everything in the Solar System orbits or revolves around the Sun. The Sun contains around 98% of all the material in ...
... The Solar System is made up of all the planets that orbit our Sun. In addition to planets, the Solar System also consists of moons, comets, asteroids, minor planets, and dust and gas. Everything in the Solar System orbits or revolves around the Sun. The Sun contains around 98% of all the material in ...
Discrimination of exoplanetary and stellar radio flux
... density variations of a factor of two in the decimetric and centimetric wavelength range with 27 days period (due to the solar rotation). It is frequently circularly polarized. Noise storms During solar maximum, noise storms frequently occur (about 10% of the time). The typical duration is between a ...
... density variations of a factor of two in the decimetric and centimetric wavelength range with 27 days period (due to the solar rotation). It is frequently circularly polarized. Noise storms During solar maximum, noise storms frequently occur (about 10% of the time). The typical duration is between a ...
Doubly Ionized Carbon Observed in the Plasma Tail of Comet Kudo
... constructed a simple empirical model. This model takes QH, a quantity that we assume varies linearly with time, along with the expansion velocity of the H away from the nucleus and generates a profile for the column density, N(r), of H in the coma as a function of cometocentric distance r. The situa ...
... constructed a simple empirical model. This model takes QH, a quantity that we assume varies linearly with time, along with the expansion velocity of the H away from the nucleus and generates a profile for the column density, N(r), of H in the coma as a function of cometocentric distance r. The situa ...
Slide 1
... release of nuclear energy. When the star is particularly massive, then its core will collapse and in so doing will release a huge amount of energy. This will cause a blast wave that ejects the star’s envelop into interstellar space. Many supernovae have been seen in nearby galaxies, they are relativ ...
... release of nuclear energy. When the star is particularly massive, then its core will collapse and in so doing will release a huge amount of energy. This will cause a blast wave that ejects the star’s envelop into interstellar space. Many supernovae have been seen in nearby galaxies, they are relativ ...
approximate temperature of the corona
... The activity of the Sun changes over an 11 year cycle (which is now thought to be half of a full 22 year cycle). As well as sunspot activity altering, the appearance of the corona changes as well. The sequence of images taken by the SOHO Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) show the changes ...
... The activity of the Sun changes over an 11 year cycle (which is now thought to be half of a full 22 year cycle). As well as sunspot activity altering, the appearance of the corona changes as well. The sequence of images taken by the SOHO Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) show the changes ...
Scientific Analysis within SEPServer
... Received: 23 March 2012 / Accepted: 10 October 2012 / Published online: 1 November 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 ...
... Received: 23 March 2012 / Accepted: 10 October 2012 / Published online: 1 November 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 ...
Segment 1 - Knowitall.org
... the astronomical unit (AU). The length of an astronomical unit is the average distance of the Earth from the Sun. The distance is about 93,000,000 miles (mi) or 150,000,000 kilometers (km). Using the 150,000,000 km as one astronomical unit, create a model solar system. 1. Determine the color bead to ...
... the astronomical unit (AU). The length of an astronomical unit is the average distance of the Earth from the Sun. The distance is about 93,000,000 miles (mi) or 150,000,000 kilometers (km). Using the 150,000,000 km as one astronomical unit, create a model solar system. 1. Determine the color bead to ...
(1) and
... Kinematic energy (=1/2Mv2) of Ia and CC SN are ~1051 erg. A large fraction should be converted to the thermal energy: kT = 3mv2/16 However observed thermal energy (kTe) is ~1049 erg This large missing energy would be contained in protons and other ions (the ion temperature kTi). But, no evidence is ...
... Kinematic energy (=1/2Mv2) of Ia and CC SN are ~1051 erg. A large fraction should be converted to the thermal energy: kT = 3mv2/16 However observed thermal energy (kTe) is ~1049 erg This large missing energy would be contained in protons and other ions (the ion temperature kTi). But, no evidence is ...
681_1.pdf
... ICME is unique to some extent and most do not exhibit all of the characteristic signatures. Thus, there is no obvious "necessary and sufficient" condition for the identification of an ICME. In addition, as has been well known for many years (e.g., 4), the boundaries of the various signatures may not ...
... ICME is unique to some extent and most do not exhibit all of the characteristic signatures. Thus, there is no obvious "necessary and sufficient" condition for the identification of an ICME. In addition, as has been well known for many years (e.g., 4), the boundaries of the various signatures may not ...
32 planets discovered outside solar system
... In return for building HARPS, the consortium was provided 100 observing nights per year over five years to search for exoplanets, one of the most ambitious searches ever implemented on a global basis, the European Southern Observatory said. "These observations have given astronomers a great insight ...
... In return for building HARPS, the consortium was provided 100 observing nights per year over five years to search for exoplanets, one of the most ambitious searches ever implemented on a global basis, the European Southern Observatory said. "These observations have given astronomers a great insight ...
CME - ASU
... Venus-like CO2-rich thermosphere of an Earth-size and -mass planet as a function of altitude for different XUV flux values. The short horizontal lines mark the exobase altitudes, and the dotted line shows the blowoff temperature for atomic hydrogen. ...
... Venus-like CO2-rich thermosphere of an Earth-size and -mass planet as a function of altitude for different XUV flux values. The short horizontal lines mark the exobase altitudes, and the dotted line shows the blowoff temperature for atomic hydrogen. ...
May 2013 Eyepiece - Amateur Astronomers Association of New York
... star developed into a red giant, with a diameter 1,000 times that of our Sun. As gas was cast off at both slow and fast speeds, the star began to heat up, greatly increasing the velocity of its solar wind. This wind, travelling at over two million mph, stretched the butterfly shape into what we see ...
... star developed into a red giant, with a diameter 1,000 times that of our Sun. As gas was cast off at both slow and fast speeds, the star began to heat up, greatly increasing the velocity of its solar wind. This wind, travelling at over two million mph, stretched the butterfly shape into what we see ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.