Pluto…now w - Relativity Group
... For the exhibit on planets in our "Hall of the Universe," rather than use the word planet as a classifier, we essentially abandon the ill-defined concept and simply group together families of likeobjects. In other words, instead of counting planets or declaring what is a planet and what is not, we o ...
... For the exhibit on planets in our "Hall of the Universe," rather than use the word planet as a classifier, we essentially abandon the ill-defined concept and simply group together families of likeobjects. In other words, instead of counting planets or declaring what is a planet and what is not, we o ...
The challenges of 2012
... effect on the life on the planet. Most burn up in the upper atmosphere, occasionally, larger ones make it through the atmosphere intact and strike the ground. Meteors (falling stars) are small cosmic bodies, usually pieces of comets. They enter the Earth’s atmosphere from space and burn, because of ...
... effect on the life on the planet. Most burn up in the upper atmosphere, occasionally, larger ones make it through the atmosphere intact and strike the ground. Meteors (falling stars) are small cosmic bodies, usually pieces of comets. They enter the Earth’s atmosphere from space and burn, because of ...
The Ionosphere - Stanford Solar Center
... dislodged from atoms and molecules to produce the ionospheric plasma. This occurs on the sunlit side of the Earth, and only the shorter wavelengths of solar radiation, (the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray part of the spectrum), are energetic enough to produce this ionization. The presence of these cha ...
... dislodged from atoms and molecules to produce the ionospheric plasma. This occurs on the sunlit side of the Earth, and only the shorter wavelengths of solar radiation, (the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray part of the spectrum), are energetic enough to produce this ionization. The presence of these cha ...
teacher resource - Michigan Science Center
... of mostly hydrogen and helium gas with some interstellar dust. Nearby an explosion occurred causing part of the cloud to collapse and become more dense and massive. It eventually grew so massive that it collapsed under its own gravity. This formed a proto-star. This is the first stage of the life cy ...
... of mostly hydrogen and helium gas with some interstellar dust. Nearby an explosion occurred causing part of the cloud to collapse and become more dense and massive. It eventually grew so massive that it collapsed under its own gravity. This formed a proto-star. This is the first stage of the life cy ...
SolarDermatology
... Coronal Mass Ejection: A huge eruption of material from the Sun’s corona into interplanetary space. CMEs are the most energetic of solar explosions and eject up to100 billion kilograms of multi-million-degree plasma at speeds ranging from 10 to 2,000 km/s. They often look like bubbles. CMEs originat ...
... Coronal Mass Ejection: A huge eruption of material from the Sun’s corona into interplanetary space. CMEs are the most energetic of solar explosions and eject up to100 billion kilograms of multi-million-degree plasma at speeds ranging from 10 to 2,000 km/s. They often look like bubbles. CMEs originat ...
Brochure
... encompass both galactic and extragalactic astronomy and employ observations over the full range of the electromagnetic spectrum. These data are obtained from both satellite and ground-based observatories. ...
... encompass both galactic and extragalactic astronomy and employ observations over the full range of the electromagnetic spectrum. These data are obtained from both satellite and ground-based observatories. ...
Answers to Spring Final Review
... Compare protons and neutrons in terms of location, mass and charge. Protons and neutrons are 1 amu, located in the nucleus, Protons have a positive charge while neutrons have no charge What would sprinkling snow with dark sand do to its melting rate? Would white sand have the same impact?Dark sand w ...
... Compare protons and neutrons in terms of location, mass and charge. Protons and neutrons are 1 amu, located in the nucleus, Protons have a positive charge while neutrons have no charge What would sprinkling snow with dark sand do to its melting rate? Would white sand have the same impact?Dark sand w ...
Chapter 7 - Shodhganga
... parameters play a significant role in prediction of storm/substorms. Correlation coefficients between various interplanetary field/plasma parameters, their various products and geomagnetic activity indices for G1 and G2 groups show different nature. Three GMSs and associated solar sources observed d ...
... parameters play a significant role in prediction of storm/substorms. Correlation coefficients between various interplanetary field/plasma parameters, their various products and geomagnetic activity indices for G1 and G2 groups show different nature. Three GMSs and associated solar sources observed d ...
Plasma physics, space research and the origin of the solar system
... discovery displaces the interest and the emphasis. Equally important is that new technological developments open new fields for scientific investigation. To a considerable extent the way science takes depends on the construction of new instruments as is evident from the history of science. For examp ...
... discovery displaces the interest and the emphasis. Equally important is that new technological developments open new fields for scientific investigation. To a considerable extent the way science takes depends on the construction of new instruments as is evident from the history of science. For examp ...
Name - Nordic Network of Astrobiology
... Following completion of his undergraduate studies in physics at the University of Alabama in 1976, he began graduate work in atmospheric science at the University of Michigan. He received a M.S. in atmospheric science in 1978 and, in 1981, was awarded a Ph.D. for his development of a model of Saturn ...
... Following completion of his undergraduate studies in physics at the University of Alabama in 1976, he began graduate work in atmospheric science at the University of Michigan. He received a M.S. in atmospheric science in 1978 and, in 1981, was awarded a Ph.D. for his development of a model of Saturn ...
Longitudinal Asymmetry of the Jovian Magnetosphere
... [Chenette et al., 1974]. Furthermore, the phase of the flux rotation period [Hill et al., 1974b].The open field line region maxima was found to be the same for the two Pioneer encounwill penetrate closest to Jupiter when the strongestplasma ters, separatedin time by a full year [Simpsonet al., 1975] ...
... [Chenette et al., 1974]. Furthermore, the phase of the flux rotation period [Hill et al., 1974b].The open field line region maxima was found to be the same for the two Pioneer encounwill penetrate closest to Jupiter when the strongestplasma ters, separatedin time by a full year [Simpsonet al., 1975] ...
Formation of terrestrial planets With our penchant for seeing
... When we compare the different inner planets in our Solar System in a few lectures, we will realize that apparently small differences in mass or orbit can make a huge difference. Let’s start with the Earth’s size. As you may have gathered from the formation scenario we discussed, when the Earth and t ...
... When we compare the different inner planets in our Solar System in a few lectures, we will realize that apparently small differences in mass or orbit can make a huge difference. Let’s start with the Earth’s size. As you may have gathered from the formation scenario we discussed, when the Earth and t ...
Earth Interior
... Part 2 Background: Scientists have learned about the physical structure of Earth’s interior by measuring seismic waves. Seismic waves are an example of traveling waves, or mechanical waves that travel through a medium. Sound waves are the most familiar example of traveling waves. The speed of sound ...
... Part 2 Background: Scientists have learned about the physical structure of Earth’s interior by measuring seismic waves. Seismic waves are an example of traveling waves, or mechanical waves that travel through a medium. Sound waves are the most familiar example of traveling waves. The speed of sound ...
File - Pi Beta Philes!
... C. Lava flows on the seafloor precipitated from seawater. D. all of the above 6) The currently accepted age of Earth is ________ years. A. 4.6 thousand B. 6.4 trillion C. 4.6 billion D. 6.4 million 8) The ________ division of the geologic time scale is an era of the Phanerozoic eon. A. Paleocene B. ...
... C. Lava flows on the seafloor precipitated from seawater. D. all of the above 6) The currently accepted age of Earth is ________ years. A. 4.6 thousand B. 6.4 trillion C. 4.6 billion D. 6.4 million 8) The ________ division of the geologic time scale is an era of the Phanerozoic eon. A. Paleocene B. ...
Notes: Sun
... of rising gas • Above the photosphere is a layer of less dense but higher temperature gases called the chromosphere • Spicules extend upward from the photosphere into the chromosphere along the boundaries of supergranules ...
... of rising gas • Above the photosphere is a layer of less dense but higher temperature gases called the chromosphere • Spicules extend upward from the photosphere into the chromosphere along the boundaries of supergranules ...
106_1.pdf
... particle event on May 1, 2000 is plotted. The maximum path length is L = 1.24 AU or about the "canonical" value expected from the interplanetary magnetic field lines in the ecliptic plane along "Parker's spiral". While the energetic He ions show clear velocity dispersion, there are lower energetic i ...
... particle event on May 1, 2000 is plotted. The maximum path length is L = 1.24 AU or about the "canonical" value expected from the interplanetary magnetic field lines in the ecliptic plane along "Parker's spiral". While the energetic He ions show clear velocity dispersion, there are lower energetic i ...
Solar System Science
... environment of Black Holes (BH) and compact objects, as well as the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear energies in Neutron Stars (NS). BH and NS create the most extreme conditions for matter in the Universe in terms of gravity and temperatures. They are unique laboratories where the laws o ...
... environment of Black Holes (BH) and compact objects, as well as the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear energies in Neutron Stars (NS). BH and NS create the most extreme conditions for matter in the Universe in terms of gravity and temperatures. They are unique laboratories where the laws o ...
Interior Crust Hydrosphere Atmosphere Magnetosphere Tides
... is a very viscous liquid like glass ...
... is a very viscous liquid like glass ...
Document
... Io and Europa are mostly rocky but Ganymede and Callisto have more ices; Densities: 3.6, 3.0, 1.9, 1.8 g/cc respectively. ...
... Io and Europa are mostly rocky but Ganymede and Callisto have more ices; Densities: 3.6, 3.0, 1.9, 1.8 g/cc respectively. ...
Document
... Io and Europa are mostly rocky but Ganymede and Callisto have more ices; Densities: 3.6, 3.0, 1.9, 1.8 g/cc respectively. ...
... Io and Europa are mostly rocky but Ganymede and Callisto have more ices; Densities: 3.6, 3.0, 1.9, 1.8 g/cc respectively. ...
23sun4s
... energy which is transported to the surface Nuclear fusion and magnetic fields play key roles in the energetics and structure of the Sun ...
... energy which is transported to the surface Nuclear fusion and magnetic fields play key roles in the energetics and structure of the Sun ...
Chapter 29 Notes-
... inside the sun. The parts of the sun include the core, the radiative zone, and the convective zone. • At the center of the sun is the core. The core makes up 25% of the sun’s total diameter of 1,390,000 km. The temperature of the core is about 15,000,000 kmºC. • The core is made up entirely of ioniz ...
... inside the sun. The parts of the sun include the core, the radiative zone, and the convective zone. • At the center of the sun is the core. The core makes up 25% of the sun’s total diameter of 1,390,000 km. The temperature of the core is about 15,000,000 kmºC. • The core is made up entirely of ioniz ...
plasmas and fusion reactions
... matter that contains enough free charged particles for its dynamical behavior to be dominated by electrodynamics forces. The field largely covers ionized gases, even though it encompasses the solid state, where electrons in metals and semiconductors fall under this category. At a very low level of 0 ...
... matter that contains enough free charged particles for its dynamical behavior to be dominated by electrodynamics forces. The field largely covers ionized gases, even though it encompasses the solid state, where electrons in metals and semiconductors fall under this category. At a very low level of 0 ...
estecevmtalkv02 - BU Imaging Science
... What about Venus (draped solar wind magnetic field) and Mars (localized crustal fields)? Figure 1 of Mathews (1998) ...
... What about Venus (draped solar wind magnetic field) and Mars (localized crustal fields)? Figure 1 of Mathews (1998) ...
PH 508: Spacecraft design and operations
... Could be argued that this phase is the same as for any other industrial product. Incorrect! Spacecraft manufacture is very expensive, and very few spacecraft are actually made. Spacecraft (even the lowly comms satellite) are very complicated with many subassemblies and built-in redundant systems. Op ...
... Could be argued that this phase is the same as for any other industrial product. Incorrect! Spacecraft manufacture is very expensive, and very few spacecraft are actually made. Spacecraft (even the lowly comms satellite) are very complicated with many subassemblies and built-in redundant systems. Op ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.