May 2013 Eyepiece - Amateur Astronomers Association of New York
... star developed into a red giant, with a diameter 1,000 times that of our Sun. As gas was cast off at both slow and fast speeds, the star began to heat up, greatly increasing the velocity of its solar wind. This wind, travelling at over two million mph, stretched the butterfly shape into what we see ...
... star developed into a red giant, with a diameter 1,000 times that of our Sun. As gas was cast off at both slow and fast speeds, the star began to heat up, greatly increasing the velocity of its solar wind. This wind, travelling at over two million mph, stretched the butterfly shape into what we see ...
The Origin of Water on Earth
... quasars were at their most active. If the ratio between these intensities were constant in space, then so ought to be the ratio of hydrogen and He II densities. As shown by Kriss et al., there is evidence for significant fluctuations in this ratio and hence for variations in the ratio of background ...
... quasars were at their most active. If the ratio between these intensities were constant in space, then so ought to be the ratio of hydrogen and He II densities. As shown by Kriss et al., there is evidence for significant fluctuations in this ratio and hence for variations in the ratio of background ...
here - GLORIA Project
... Northern Lights. The Aurora Australis is visible especially in Antarctica (Fig. 1), although it can be seen from the southern areas of Australia and South America. Auroras are not a phenomenon unique to Earth. Other planets like Jupiter and Saturn, with strong magnetic fields, show similar pheno ...
... Northern Lights. The Aurora Australis is visible especially in Antarctica (Fig. 1), although it can be seen from the southern areas of Australia and South America. Auroras are not a phenomenon unique to Earth. Other planets like Jupiter and Saturn, with strong magnetic fields, show similar pheno ...
The Aurora
... EXPERIMENTS - IMAGE Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration Launch: 25 March 2000 ...
... EXPERIMENTS - IMAGE Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration Launch: 25 March 2000 ...
m03a02
... Retrograde motion caused great difficulties in the past to natural philosophers who tried to model the Solar System as being centred on Earth. However retrograde motion is easily explained in the heliocentric model, where the planets travel in elliptical (& nearly circular) orbits around the Sun wi ...
... Retrograde motion caused great difficulties in the past to natural philosophers who tried to model the Solar System as being centred on Earth. However retrograde motion is easily explained in the heliocentric model, where the planets travel in elliptical (& nearly circular) orbits around the Sun wi ...
Itinerary As Printable PDF
... Beginning with mutual relationships in time between Earth and Venus, there is an elegant way of constructing the geocentric orbit of Venus which can be carried out by all participants. The technique can be extended to other planets and naturally involves some reflections on cycles of time and moveme ...
... Beginning with mutual relationships in time between Earth and Venus, there is an elegant way of constructing the geocentric orbit of Venus which can be carried out by all participants. The technique can be extended to other planets and naturally involves some reflections on cycles of time and moveme ...
Document
... greater. But, the cloud does not contract into a single mass. • The collapse towards the center of the cloud proceeds very slowly due to several other effects, including turbulence and magnetic fields, but the most important is the conservation of angular momentum. ...
... greater. But, the cloud does not contract into a single mass. • The collapse towards the center of the cloud proceeds very slowly due to several other effects, including turbulence and magnetic fields, but the most important is the conservation of angular momentum. ...
Explore the Galaxy - Museum of Science
... p rogram listing on the Mu seu m of Science w ebsite: 1) The activity sheet and answ er key (13 total pages) 2) The "p lanet card s" referred to in the activity (2 pages) A m ore d etailed d escrip tion of this activity can be fou nd at the end of this gu id e. ...
... p rogram listing on the Mu seu m of Science w ebsite: 1) The activity sheet and answ er key (13 total pages) 2) The "p lanet card s" referred to in the activity (2 pages) A m ore d etailed d escrip tion of this activity can be fou nd at the end of this gu id e. ...
SOLAR PHYSICS
... Since hydrogen atoms have been ionized only the heavier trace elements like iron and calcium are able to retain a few of their electrons in this intense heat It is emission from these elements that produce the color associated with the emission line corona http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/so ...
... Since hydrogen atoms have been ionized only the heavier trace elements like iron and calcium are able to retain a few of their electrons in this intense heat It is emission from these elements that produce the color associated with the emission line corona http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/so ...
Folie 1 - E15
... number of target protons, electrons & C-atoms - light yield and quenching → energy resolution, background identification - absorption/emission spectra → light propagation in the scintillator - fluorescence decay times → time resolution, particle identification by pulse shape analysis - large-scale s ...
... number of target protons, electrons & C-atoms - light yield and quenching → energy resolution, background identification - absorption/emission spectra → light propagation in the scintillator - fluorescence decay times → time resolution, particle identification by pulse shape analysis - large-scale s ...
Tracking the Planets - Lincoln
... … so do the other planets. This rotation produces day and night on these planets too, but as we will see, the length of the day - the rotational period - can be quite different on other planets to what we have here on Earth! ...
... … so do the other planets. This rotation produces day and night on these planets too, but as we will see, the length of the day - the rotational period - can be quite different on other planets to what we have here on Earth! ...
Cosmic Rays and Plasma Astrophysics
... Discovery of cosmic rays (Longair 1.10) The late 1800’s was an extremely active period in physics, leading to the observation of fundamental new particles, the theoretical foundations of electromagnetic theory and the seeds of quantum mechanics and relativity. Various types of “rays” were found, man ...
... Discovery of cosmic rays (Longair 1.10) The late 1800’s was an extremely active period in physics, leading to the observation of fundamental new particles, the theoretical foundations of electromagnetic theory and the seeds of quantum mechanics and relativity. Various types of “rays” were found, man ...
May - RASC Hamilton
... Here on Earth, the sun provides us with the vast majority of our energy, striking the top of the atmosphere with up to 1,000 Watts of power per square meter, albeit highly dependent on the sunlight's angle-of-incidence. But remember that the sun is a whopping 150 million kilometers away, and sends a ...
... Here on Earth, the sun provides us with the vast majority of our energy, striking the top of the atmosphere with up to 1,000 Watts of power per square meter, albeit highly dependent on the sunlight's angle-of-incidence. But remember that the sun is a whopping 150 million kilometers away, and sends a ...
doc
... magnetic field is frozen into both wind and disk. We assume that vwind is independent of position. The following analysis could be adapted to more complicated configurations. Suppose that a sudden energy release occurs near the centre of the accretion disk and that much of this energy is converted i ...
... magnetic field is frozen into both wind and disk. We assume that vwind is independent of position. The following analysis could be adapted to more complicated configurations. Suppose that a sudden energy release occurs near the centre of the accretion disk and that much of this energy is converted i ...
STARDUST Presentation
... • These ‘dense’ clouds are the site of star formation • Material from these clouds can find its way into/onto newly formed planets ...
... • These ‘dense’ clouds are the site of star formation • Material from these clouds can find its way into/onto newly formed planets ...
Considerations on the use of atmospheric pressure plasma to generate complex molecular environments with relevance for molecular astrophysics
... molecular populations with relevance for molecular astrophysics of hot cores was assessed by molecular beam mass spectrometry analysis. Fig. 1 shows typical data obtained for helium – hydrogen – hydrocarbons plasmas at atmospheric pressure, for both negative and positive ion populations. ...
... molecular populations with relevance for molecular astrophysics of hot cores was assessed by molecular beam mass spectrometry analysis. Fig. 1 shows typical data obtained for helium – hydrogen – hydrocarbons plasmas at atmospheric pressure, for both negative and positive ion populations. ...
Origin of Planetary Systems
... only place in the entire cosmos that we have surveyed directly using spacecrafts. Years of long and fascinating collaborative efforts between many different disciplines have helped us understand its origins and subsequent evolution. This article narrates this scientific story, discussing how our und ...
... only place in the entire cosmos that we have surveyed directly using spacecrafts. Years of long and fascinating collaborative efforts between many different disciplines have helped us understand its origins and subsequent evolution. This article narrates this scientific story, discussing how our und ...
Document
... – Fly LWS Solar Probe through the Sun's atmosphere to explore inner boundary of our system and directly sample the source region of the solar wind and solar energetic particles for the first time – Deploy LWS Solar Sentinels to discover the heliospheric initiation, propagation and solar connection o ...
... – Fly LWS Solar Probe through the Sun's atmosphere to explore inner boundary of our system and directly sample the source region of the solar wind and solar energetic particles for the first time – Deploy LWS Solar Sentinels to discover the heliospheric initiation, propagation and solar connection o ...
From Inner Earth to Outer Space
... bodies called planetesimals, many of which eventually accreted into planets over a period of 100 million years. However, beyond the orbit of Mars, gravitational interference from Jupiter prevented protoplanetary bodies from growing to diameters larger than about 1,000 km [620 miles].16 Most asteroid ...
... bodies called planetesimals, many of which eventually accreted into planets over a period of 100 million years. However, beyond the orbit of Mars, gravitational interference from Jupiter prevented protoplanetary bodies from growing to diameters larger than about 1,000 km [620 miles].16 Most asteroid ...
model the Earth`s and Sun`s magnetic fields using a
... 3. Explain to students that a magnaprobe is a magnetic field detector. It can be used to trace a magnetic field in three-dimensions as well as show us the direction of magnetic poles in magnets. Tell them they will be using cow magnets and magnaprobes during the activity to investigate the magnetic ...
... 3. Explain to students that a magnaprobe is a magnetic field detector. It can be used to trace a magnetic field in three-dimensions as well as show us the direction of magnetic poles in magnets. Tell them they will be using cow magnets and magnaprobes during the activity to investigate the magnetic ...
Astronomical Observations with the Voyager Spacecraft
... • Cloud particle size, distribution • Atmospheric scale height, temperature – Stellar Occultation's • Ring particle size, composition, distributions, dynamics • Atmospheric scale height, temperature ...
... • Cloud particle size, distribution • Atmospheric scale height, temperature – Stellar Occultation's • Ring particle size, composition, distributions, dynamics • Atmospheric scale height, temperature ...
++ (?) Non-thermal heating
... localized energy deposit to ionosphere (Jeans) relative height of ionopause & ion pick-up exosphere (interaction bulk momentum area increase) transfer ...
... localized energy deposit to ionosphere (Jeans) relative height of ionopause & ion pick-up exosphere (interaction bulk momentum area increase) transfer ...
Energetic neutral atom
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging, often described as ""seeing with atoms"", is a technology used to create global images of otherwise invisible phenomena in the magnetospheres of planets and throughout the heliosphere, even to its outer boundary.This constitutes the far-flung edge of the solar system.The solar wind consists of ripped-apart atoms (called plasma) flying out of the Sun. This is mostly hydrogen, that is, bare electrons and protons, with a little bit of other kinds of nuclei, mostly helium. The space between solar systems is similar, but they come from other stars in our galaxy. These charged particles can be redirected by magnetic fields; for instance, Earth's magnetic field shields us from these particles. But, every so often, a few of them steal electrons from neutral atoms they run into. At that point, they become neutral, although they're still moving very fast, and they travel in an exact straight line. These are called Energetic Neutral Atoms. ENA images are constructed from the detection of these energetic neutral atoms.Earth's magnetosphere preserves Earth's atmosphere and protects us from cell-damaging radiation. This region of ""space weather"" is the site of geomagnetic storms that disrupt communications systems and pose radiation hazards to humans traveling at high polar altitudes or in orbiting spacecraft. A deeper understanding of this region is vitally important. Geomagnetic weather systems have been late to benefit from the satellite imagery taken for granted in weather forecasting, and space physics because their origins in magnetospheric plasmas present the added problem of invisibility.The heliosphere protects the entire Solar System from the majority of cosmic rays but is so remote that only an imaging technique such as ENA imaging will reveal its properties. The heliosphere's structure is due to the invisible interaction between the solar wind and cold gas from the local interstellar medium.The creation of ENAs by space plasmas was predicted but their discovery was both deliberate and serendipitous. While some early efforts were made at detection, their signatures also explained inconsistent findings by ion detectors in regions of expected low ion populations. Ion detectors were co-opted for further ENA detection experiments in other low-ion regions. However, the development of dedicated ENA detectors entailed overcoming significant obstacles in both skepticism and technology.Although ENAs were observed in space from the 1960s through 1980s, the first dedicated ENA camera was not flown until 1995 on the Swedish Astrid-1 satellite, to study Earth's magnetosphere.Today, dedicated ENA instruments have provided detailed magnetospheric images from Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Cassini's ENA images of Saturn revealed a unique magnetosphere with complex interactions that have yet to be fully explained. The IMAGE mission's three dedicated ENA cameras observed Earth's magnetosphere from 2000–2005 while the TWINS Mission, launched in 2008, provides stereo ENA imaging of Earth's magnetosphere using simultaneous imaging from two satellites.The first ever images of the heliospheric boundary, published in October 2009, were made by the ENA instruments aboard the IBEX and Cassini spacecraft. These images are very exciting because they challenge existing theories about the region.